Social Problems Homelessness A person and families are considered homeless, if they live outdoors without shelter ( ) , temporarily housed in hostels, night shelters , institutions such as psychiatric hospitals, and those temporarily () accommodated () by relatives or friends. Persons living in poverty are most at risk of becoming homeless , and demographic groups who are more likely to experience poverty are also more likely to experience homelessness . Homelessness usually increases during periods of economic recession () and rising unemployment, when people can no longer afford ( ) housing, and governments cut down public housing expenses. Inadequate shelter or housing creates conditions that promote disease. Without decent ( ) protection, many of the poor are exposed ( ) to severe ( ) and dangerous weather as well as to bacteria and viruses carried by other people and animals
Prescribe – to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something Impose The word law can have several meanings, it can be divided into prescriptive and descriptive law. Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave, e. g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave e.g. speed limits In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive law; customs (informal rules of social and moral behaviour); rules we accept if we belong to a particular institution (religion, organization); laws imposed on people by a government Penalties for breaking the rules are different. For not following the customs there may not be a punishment, or a person may be criticized by the society; rules of a social institution tend to carry precise penalties but they are not enforceable by any political authority; however
descriptive law (kirjeldav õigus) - laws which simply describe how people or even natural phenomenas usually behave nation (riik) - country with its own goverment citizen (kodanik) - person native of a country; realationship between country and a person stranger (välismaalne) - person who is unfamiliar, from another country penalty (karistus) - punishment fixed by law, as for a crime or from any soical groups goverment (valitsus) - organization which controlls a stre or community System of Courts (kohtusüsteem) - organization applying law in the name of states to commit a crime (kuritegu läbi viima) - breaking a law, usually given out by the goverment fine (trahv) - certain sum of money person pays for breaking a law corruption (korruptsioon) - dishonest or unethincal conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority
letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they have to be in accordance with each other, the states can always specify these regulations. Therefore, PIL regulates people indirectly. Another unique feature: domestic law sources have a clear pyramid (top to bottom: constitution, laws, individual contracts, they cannot contradict each other) and all sources are written. In PIL there is no such hierarchy, but there are primary sources (all are equally important) and secondary sources and all are not written. Primary sources: written documents
1. Society- people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial or geographical, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. 2. Culture- beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. 3. A unitary state- a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-
idea of domestic comfort. The important thing is to feel cosy that is, to create an atmosphere which seem warm. To many, part of cosiness is the feeling of tradition. Privacy is an element of cosiness. Privacy must be preserved so houses normally have a "hall" onto which the front door opens. With its own door, through which people pass before getting to the hallan extra line of defence! The back door is for family and close friends only. Owning and renting The desire to own the place where you live is almost universal in Britain. However, house prices are high. This dilemma is overcome by the mortgage system. More and more of the people who dont already own a house simply cant get their feet on even the lowest rung of the ladder. Owning was made easier by government policies which offered people various kinds of financial assistance to help them do so. There are organizations which run their properties like a business but are obliged to run them for social benefit.
Introduction Body conclusion Lõikude vahele 1 rida, taandrida ei jäeta! Argumendid millegi poolt, argumendid millegi vastu. Väldime I-vormi, vaid kasutame passive-vormi. Lõhikesi vorme ei kasutata! (don't) 150 sõna Teema "should mery-killing be punished?" HOMEWORK Terms to explain: Nation - a country, especially when thought of as a large group of people living in one area with their own government, language, traditions, etc: Stranger someone whom you do not know Citizen - a person who is a member of a particular country and who has rights and obligations because of being born there or because of being given them Penalty - a punishment for doing something that is against a law Government - the group of people who officially control a country System of courts - a set of connected positions which operate together to ensure ... ? To commit a crime to do sth that is forbidden by law Corruption - illegal, immoral or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of
However, the adoption of the U.N Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989 granted for the first time the recognition for children as worthy individuals with rights of their own. The UNCRC laid the foundation for the potential re-evaluation of our traditional understanding of childhood and the perception of children as primarily objects of the adult world. Since, then the UNCRC has attracted significant scholarly interest from various disciplines and as such a high degree of research has been published in this area already. The increasing sociological interest in children in particular that has provided a new perspective around the idea of children as competent social actors has provoked a great controversy and confusion as it challenges the image of the incompetent child which is overwhelmingly prevalent in the Western society. The purpose of this dissertation is to critically explore this
international business. documents and may A notary's main research legal issues. functions are to administer oaths and affirmations, take affidavits and statutory declarations, witness and authenticate the execution of certain classes of documents, take acknowledgments of deeds and other conveyances, protest notes and bills of exchange, provide notice of foreign drafts, prepare marine or ship's protests in cases of damage, provide exemplifications and notarial copies, and perform certain other official acts depending on the jurisdiction
and legislators. And now his theory of is the one that is known for justifying torture (Verplaetse, 2008). Since 9/11 and the following fight against terrorism it became clear that the Bush administration thought of torture as something justifiable while it goes against all possible agreed upon treaties and conventions. One could indeed possibly think of situations that could serve as an exception to the prohibition of torture but these hypothetical situations can hardly relate to real situations. The ticking bomb argument looks at the hypothetical case where a leader of a state is asked to give their permission to torture a captured rebel leader because he (probably) knows the locations of a few explosives that are spread around the city in different apartment buildings. In case they are not found within 24 hours, they will explode and many will be left dead (Walzer, 1973)
An overview of integrated care in the NHS What is integrated care? Research report Sara Shaw, Rebecca Rosen and Benedict Rumbold June 2011 Nuffield Trust work on integrated care This report is part of the Nuffield Trust's extensive programme of work on integrated care, which is examining the potential of new forms of care that are intended to benefit patients and taxpayers. Other related projects include: ·Integration in action: four international case studies. A study of four international organisations that have attempted to improve integration between health and care services. Interviews, documentary analysis and literature review are used to identify the main stimuli for integration and the issues that help or hinder progress; drawing out lessons for the NHS. ·Towards integrated care in Trafford. A project that looks at the process of change and
Health 2007 1. Introduction Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of an organism at both the cellular and social level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's ability to succesfully respond to challenges and effectively restore and keep a so-called ,,state of balance". 2. History · Early hospitals During the Middle Ages the hospital could serve other functions, such as an almshouse for the poor, or hostel for pilgrims. In ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. Greek temples dedicatedto the healer-god, might admit the sick, who would wait for guidance from the god in a dream. The Romans adopted this worship. The Sri Lankans are perhaps responsible for introducing theconcept ofdedicated hospitals to the world
........................................................................... 45 7. ACCOUNTING ............................................................................................................................ 49 7.1 Levels of the system of accounting regulation in the Russian Federation ................................ 49 7.2. The Federal Law "On Accounting" ............................................................................................ 51 7.3. Chart of accounts and other documents .............................................................................. 52 7.4. Russian tax system ................................................................................................................ 53 7.5. Banking system in Russia....................................................................................................... 53 ABOUT TRADERUN PROGRAMME........................................................................................................
Victorian times Life and conditions of Victorian people Children were expected to help towards the family budget. They often worked long hours in dangerous jobs and in difficult situations for a very little wage. For example, there were the climbing boys employed by the chimney sweeps; boys and girls working down the coal mines, crawling through tunnels too narrow and low to take an adult. Some children worked as errand boys, crossing sweepers, shoe blacks, and they sold matches, flowers and other cheap goods. During the Victorian era, the population grew immensely. At the end of 19th century the population had grown three times bigger in Great Britain! That made wages much lower, because more people were looking for jobs. Many people couldn't afford places to live and had to live on the streets. Slums started appearing in bigger towns. Crime rate was also rising because of this: many homeless children lived by stealing and respectable Victorians started
Homelessness Every night thousands of people are on the streets. This type of behavior is considered deviant because it does not reflect the norms and values of our society. In many cases the homeless people in our country are treated as total outcasts. Many of these people have severe mental disorders. Some are victims of an economy that has failed them. The homeless are in need. As fellow humans we are obligated to help those in need. They are not only in need of money, but they are also in need of our attention and our support. In the past fifty years the United States has invested more money in helping the homeless people than any other country in the world. The result is that we have more poor people now and more people dependent on the government than we did fifty years ago. The welfare program in our society has failed
The Example 4 Solution and Problems 5 The Main Economical Problem 6-8 Free riding Problem on Public Transport 9 References 10 2 The Political Problem A common example of a free rider problem is defense spending: no one person can be excluded from being defended by a state's military forces, and thoes free riders may refuse or avoid paying for being defended, even though they are still as well guarded as those who contribute to the state's efforts. Therefore, it is usual for governments to avoid relying on volunteer donations, using taxes and, in some countries, conscription instead. In the case of defense spending, alternative perspectives of the free rider problem also exist
. . " and then name their pet peeve or passion. My view is not of an education specialist, but of one who loves sharing what I learn, and owes much to educators. Since I don't have an educational theory neatly worked-out, nor an outline of my perceptions, my intent is to address each educational ingredient that comes to my mind. After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy. First comes sensitivity. If a person be insensitive, be it from numbing cold, exhaustion, drugs, genetic makeup, or upbringing, then the process of education is bogged down, and results come only after great efforts. Sensitivity in my integrated meaning is broad, covering literally the senses, so that deaf and blind people are less sensitive, as well as people whose senses work perfectly, but whose receptivity or thought processes are blunted for whatever reason
the statistics. It also noticed, “Children are normally at greatest risk from dog bite because they play with dogs more often, have less experience in reading dog behavior, are more likely to engage in activity that alarms or stimulates a dog, and are less able to defend themselves when a dog becomes aggressive”. Scientific studies in dog psychology were not conclusive on direct causation between a dog breed and aggressiveness. They pointed out other influential factors such as individual character and disposition of an animal, resulted, among other things, from its training, living surroundings etc. In those circumstances and following the precautionary principle, the parliament adopted the prohibitive law of the scope suggested by the NGOs stating that “the State cannot idly wait until the scientists come to the definite conclusion about actual sources of the dangerous behavior” and
EU structural support and regional implementing agencies, that are available for a businessman to apply for a fund. A successful student will be aware of and understand the EU fundraising possibilities in the frames of cooperation with Russian and Eastern Partnership countries, and able to define the financing criteria and priorities. The current reading material summarises the main aspects covered by lectures and structurises the information channels for the future. The course supports the other Traderun courses, especially the course related to EU cooperation with Russia and Eastern Partnership Countries. 4 1. UKRAINE 1.1. General information 1.1.1. Country Profile Capital: Kyiv. Total area: 603,550 sq. km (the largest country in Europe by area that is physically within Europe entirely). Population: ~ 45 million (declining). Major cities and estimated population (Good news! Not all the business and capital
beacuse a tired body cannot resist illnesses. Our health also depends on the clothes we wear. In winter, when it is cold, we should wear warm clothes. Then our clothes keep in the body's heat and in summer they should let it escape. Loose clothing is better than tight clothing beacause it allows the wearer to move about more easily and does not interfere with the circulation of the blood. Being clean is also very important. We feel and look better if we are clean. A person should have a shower a day to keep himself clean. Keeping oneself clean includes brushing our teeth. What we eat also affects our health. Our body needs vitamins and minerals, fats, proteins and carbohydrates. Our food should be varied. It is not healty to eat too much sweets. When we eat more food and get more calories than our body uses, we get fat. It is also good for our health to drink a few glasses of fresh water every day.
· Hobbes leviathan · Locke second treatise of government · Rousseau - social contract · Montesquieu - The Spirit of the Laws · Kant idea for a universal history from a cosmopolitan point of view · Hegel - philosophy of right Key dates 1603 Shakespear's King Lear , Death of the Queen Elizabeth 1. 1618-48 The Thirty Year's War 1649 Execution of Charels 1 of England, Establishment of Oliver Cromwell's Prodecorate 1651 Hobbes' Leviathan(1588-1679) 1660 The Restoration of Charels 2. as king of England
do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage" -LAURENCE HOF, Vice President, Relationship Consulting, Advanta Corporation "This will help executives make better decisions and use their influence wisely ... Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist." -CHARLES T. MUNGER, Vice Chairman, Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. If you're wondering why of Latin America, the Far East, and Central Europe. you should buy this new edition of Influence: o More neuroscience evidence of how the influence process works is inte-
Identity theft The Estonian Information Technology College Social, Professional and Ethical Aspects of Information Technology 18.10.2016 The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness about the threats associated with Identity theft. I will talk about the different types of identity theft, the most common way they take place and what consequences they might have. I will also talk about some of the examples and point out actions everyone can take to minimize the chance of becoming a victim of an identity theft. What is Identity theft Identity theft is defined as the deliberate use of someone else's identity, usually as a method to gain a financial advantage or obtain credit and other benefits in the other person's name, and perhaps to the other person's disadvantage or loss
Witchcraft Witchcraft is the alleged use of supernatural or magical powers. A witch (from Old English wicca m. / wicce f.) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Historically, it was widely believed that witchcraft involved the use of these powers to inflict harm upon members of a community or their property, and that all witches were in league with the devil. Since the mid 20th century, the term witchcraft has sometimes been used to distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, with the latter often involving healing. Human misfortune was often blamed on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. Reasons for accusations of witchcraft fall into four general categories:
has collected the information, how should it be analyzed and reported? Deciding to do a survey means committing oneself to work through a myriad of issues each of which is critical to the ultimate success of the survey. Yet, each day, throughout the world, thousands of surveys are being undertaken. Some surveys involve years of planning, require arduous efforts to select and interview respondents in their home and take many months to complete and many more months to report results. Other surveys are conducted with seemingly lightning speed as web survey requests are transmitted simultaneously to people regardless of their location, and completed surveys start being returned a few minutes later; data collection is stopped in a few days and results are reported minutes afterwards. Whereas some surveys use only one mode of data collection such as the telephone, others may involve multiple
always understood to be within apostolic succession in the same way. One who has been ordained deacon, priest, and then bishop is understood to hold the fullness of the (ministerial) priesthood, given responsibility by Christ to govern, teach and sanctify the Body of Christ, members of the Faithful. Priests, deacons and lay ministers cooperate and assist their bishop(s) in shepherding a flock. Vicar/ priest is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, vicar is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". Minister In Christianity, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church, or other religious organization, to perform functions such as teaching of beliefs; leading services such as weddings, baptisms or funerals; or otherwise providing spiritual guidance to the community.
economies of sales which maximizes consumer welfare and ensures the most efficient use of world-wide resources. 4 Economic Union D Approach to attaining a common market underpinned by the principles of non-discrimination, market access and concept of comparative federalism. States retain power to regulate as long as national regulation does not interfere with `federal` law. 5 Free trade E Common foreign and security policies first appear at the
already put into service on or before 31 December 1992 are adapted to comply with the minimum requirements laid down in the Annex not later than four years after that date. 1. Without prejudice to Article 10 of Directive 89/391/EEC, workers shall receive information on all aspects of safety and health relating to their workstation, in particular information on such measures applicable to workstations as are implemented under Articles 3, 7 and 9. In all cases, workers or their representatives shall be informed of any health and safety measure taken in compliance with this Directive. 2. Without prejudice to Article 12 of Directive 89/391/EEC, every worker shall also receive training in use of the workstation before
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America.
We live in a cruel world where people only think about themselves. There are extremely few people who care about homeless people even though homelessness has greatly increased over the past decade. But why is that so? Are they worse than us? As Mike Yakonski once said: “Sometimes it's easy to walk by because we know we can't change someone's whole life in a single afternoon. But what we fail to realize it that simple kindness can go a long way toward encouraging someone who is stuck in a desolate place.” I can relate to that fairly well because everyday i see homeless people and it makes me extremely sad
people were treated at home. The early hospitals were dark, crowded and very dirty, so it was very likely to be infected even more, when you went to be cured. The first hospital in Estonia was the hospital of Saint John, first mentioned in 1237. It was for the people who had leprosy. 2.2 Recent developments Many scientific advances have helped to improve patient care. Surgical and intensive care units now use electronic equipment. Modern hospitals are full of advanced equipment such as X-ray machines, ultrasound scanners and life-support machines. Computers help hospitals keep laboratory and medical records. Hospitals use many disposable items for safety such as plastic thermometers, and hypodermic syringes and steel needles. They are used only once, so they cannot spread infection. Scientists have also discovered all kinds of important drugs, such as antibiotics, and certain diseases, including tuberculosis and smallpox, have been almost wiped out.
3) There are biological correlates of behavior. Cognitions, emotions and behaviors are products of the anatomy and physiology of our nervous and endocrine system. Explain how principles of the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. 1) Correlational studies: Study by Buss, who hypothesized that across cultures, men will prefer to marry younger women because of greater reproductive capacity and women will place greater value on a potential mate's earning potential to provide survival advantages. This evolutionary hypothesis was tested in 37 cultures by sending out questioners. 2) Twin studies (type of correlational studies) compare trait similarities in identical and fraternal twins (Minnesota twin study by Tellegen, Buchard). 3) Experiment: Split-brain experiments by Gazzaniga & Sperry, brain plasticity experiments by Rosenzweig and Bennett
economic challenges due to economic liberalization reforms. In this direction, Georgian Govern- ment made several important steps: Tax -The administration of tax and customs systems has been simplified. The number and rates of taxes have been significantly reduced making it easier for local and foreign businesses to do business. Currently, there are only 6 taxes and no capital gains, inheritance, wealth, property transfer; social, branch remittance or any other taxes are in place in Georgia. The coming into effect of a new comprehensive Tax Code (including customs legislation) on January 1, 2011 con- stitutes a further milestone in the development of tax legislation. Licenses and permits - Georgia has dramatically reduced licensing and permitting requirements to ease constraints on business. The total number of licenses and permits was cut by 84% in re- forms that eliminated 756 licenses and permits and streamlined procedures. Currently, licenses
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