INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7 Eessõnad 7
I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I am speaking I am not speaking Am I speaking? He/she/it is going He/she/it is not going Is he/she/it going? We/you/they are making We/you/they are not making Are we/you/they making? NB! ERANDID!
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema. Basic tense chart The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher past continuous. present continuous He said he was having lunch with his I'm having lunch with my parents. parents. past perfect simple
4 VESITERM 12 LADA 5 STOW 13 SCHWUNG 6 KALEV 14 MAIASMOKK 7 YAMAHA 15 ISKU 8 ESTRAVEL 2 Affirmative tense Use Signal Words Negative/Questions · action in the present taking always, Present Simple A: He speaks. place once, never or several every ..., N: He does not speak. normally, often, Q: Does he speak? times seldom, · facts sometimes,
We can report people's words by using direct speech or direct speech reported speech. speech `I'm tired!', Helen said. Helen said (that) she was tired. The main verb of the sentence is usually past ( Tom said that... / I told her that...) and the rest of the sentence is usually past too. Sequence of tenses if the verb in the main sentence is in the past tense the other verbs are usually in one of the past tense too. Present Simple Past Simple I'm a teacher. He said (that) he was a teacher Present Progressive Past Progressive I'm having lunch with my He said (that) he was having parents. lunch with his parents. Past Simple Past Perfect He said (that) he had bought a I bought a new car. new car.
· I play tennis. · She does not play tennis. USE 4 Now (Non-Continuous Verbs) · Does he play tennis? · The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. · The train does not leave at 9 AM. · When does the train usually leave? · She always forgets her purse. · He never forgets his wallet. Examples: · Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. · I am here now. · Does the Sun circle the Earth? · She is not here now. · He needs help right now. USE 2 Facts or Generalizations · He does not need help now. · He has his passport in his hand. · Do you have your passport with you?
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at
3 The wooden floor had rotted. Challenge! 4 The little boy was sobbing and Transcript Students' own answers pointing to his sister's ice cream. 5 The thief grabbed my bag and ran The photos are connected with the 1B Past and perfect tenses off. topic of school. Both photos show page 4 6 He dropped a leaf into the water students in class. In the first photo I imagine that 1 1 ate and watched it drift under the
Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD · Toimunud tegevus, seos olevikuga: I have WORKed here for 3 years. · Toimunud olevikuga seotud/lõpetamata tegevus (saab muuta): S/he has CALLed them twice already. · !!! Kordne tegevus: It's the umpteenth time you've TOLD me this! Have I ever FORGOTTEN anything? · !!! Tutvuse pikkuse väljendus: I don't know how long I have KNOWN her. · have/has (s/he, it) + -ed/3 pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect Progressive
4. Give the comparative and the superlative of the following adjectives: ( 5 points ) e.g. tall taller the tallest lucky difficult soft good interesting 5. Put these sentences into the Reported Speech. ( 5 points ) e.g. She said:"I will call you from London." She said that she would call me from London. 1) Eric said:"Jack has gone out." 2) Frank said:"The car is waiting at the front door." 3) Tommy asked:"Is there anybody at home?" 4) I asked my friend:"Why do you come so late?" 5) Jane said:"Think before you answer!" 6. Use the correct Prepositions. ( 20 points ) 1) Jane started learning English two years........ 2) ........Monday Steve asked me to dine with him 3) Mary was born........the second of May........1964. 4) We worked........ ten hours without stopping. 5) They left........seven o`clock........the evening. 6) The castle was built........the 16th century. 7) I think Ronald is ill. He wasn`t.....
Will you give me a hand? 5.In the same way as the future continuous, but with state verbs: I'll be at the station when you arrive. 'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I ?' and 'shall we?' in British English. These forms are used when you want to get someone's opinion, especially for offers and suggestions: •Shall I open the window? (=do you want me to open the window). •Where shall we go tonight? (=what's your opinion?). PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE AM/IS/ARE + ING (AM INFINITIVE (WORK;WORKS) WORKING) We talk about things that we have We talk about events in the future already arranged to do in the which are 'timetabled'. future. •My plane leaves at 6 in the •I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on morning. Thursday. •The shop opens at 9.30. •I'm seeing Julie at 5 and then I'm
Time Warner Book Group 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 Visit our Web site at www.lb-teens.com First Edition: September 2005 The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is coincidental and not intended by the author. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Meyer, Stephanie, 1973-- Twilight : a novel / by Stephanie Meyer. -- 1st ed. p. cm. Summary: When seventeen-year-old Bella leaves Phoenix to live with her father in Forks, Washington, she meets an exquisitely handsome boy at school for whom she feels an overwhelming attraction and who she comes to realize is not wholly human. ISBN 0-316-16017-2 [1. Vampires -- Fiction. 2. High schools -- Fiction. 3. Schools -- Fiction. 4. Washington (State) -- Fiction.] I. Title. PZ7.M57188Tw2005 [Fic] --dc22 2004024730 Printed in the United States of America For my big sister, Emily, without whose enthusiasm this story might still be unfinished.
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year,
english-4u.de/question_word s_ex1.htm 2. http:// www.english-4u.de/question_word ◦ WHAT (mis?) What is your name? s_ex3.htm ◦ WHEN – (millal?) When does he come? 3. http:// ◦ WHERE – (kus?) Where do you live? www.english-4u.de/question_word s_ex6.htm ◦ WHY – (miks?) Why are you late? ◦ WHO – (kes?) Who is that girl? ◦ WHOSE – (mille?) Whose pen is it? ◦ WHICH –(milline?) Which book do you like best? ◦ HOW – (kuidas?) How are you? ◦ HOW MUCH – (kui palju?) How much is the dress? ◦ HOW MANY – (kui mitu?) How many rackets do you have? PRESENT SIMPLE
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no.
* visuaalne info on pandud kahekordsete ümarsulgude vahele. I Love English 6 töövihik sobib inglise keele õpetamiseks 8. klassis Töövihik vastab riiklikule õppekavale Retsenseerinud Piret Kärtner, Viive Latt, Ingrit Tera Toimetanud Viiu Menning, Nicola Fyfe, Tiina Helekivi Kujundanud ja küljendanud Eve Kurm Tehniliselt toimetanud Andero Kurm Illustreerinud Ülle Meister Esikaas: Boswell and Dr. Johnson (foto Scanpix). Vaata Unit 20. Autoriõigus: Mare Jõul, Ülle Kurm, 2009 Kirjastus Studium, 2009 Kõik õigused on kaitstud. Ilma autoriõiguse omaniku eelneva kirjaliku loata pole lubatud ühtki selle töövihiku osa paljundada ei elektroonilisel, mehaanilisel ega muul viisil. Töövihik on kooskõlas 2009. a uuendatud õppekomplektiga I Love English 6. Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207
sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK'S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention to common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106 The Future Tense 108 Can and Could 112
Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect you have walked
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing He drinks tea at I have walked She is talking She has been breakfast
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play)
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play)
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play)
and when he didn't, I arched my neck back to allow my line of sight to rise. The custom three -piece suit hit more than a few of my hot buttons, but it was the tall, powerfully lean body inside it that made it sensational. Still, as hot as all that magnificent maleness was, it wasn't until I reached the man's face that I went down for the count. Wow. Just...wow. He sank into an elegant crouch directly in front of me. Hit with all that exquisite masculinity at eye-level, I could only stare. Stunned. Then something shifted in the air between us. As he stared back, he altered...as if a shield slid away from his eyes, revealing a scorching force of will that sucked the air from my lungs. The intense magnetism he exuded grew in strength, becoming a near tangible impression of vibrant and unrelenting power. Reacting purely on instinct, I shifted backward. And sprawled flat on my ass.
the bottom of the empty glass when he lowered his arm. He paused a moment, leaning forward in the chair, then he got up and went slowly over to fetch himself another. "I'll get it!" she cried, jumping up. "Sit down," he said. When he came back, she noticed that the new drink was dark amber with the quantity of whiskey in it. "Darling, shall I get your slippers?" "No." She watched him as he began to sip the dark yellow drink, and she could see little oily swirls in the liquid because it was so strong. "I think it's a shame," she said, "that when a policeman gets to be as senior as you, they keep him walking about on his feet all day long." He didn't answer, so she bent her head again and went on with her sewing; bet each time he lifted the drink to his lips, she heard the ice cubes clinking against the side of the glass. "Darling," she said. "Would you like me to get you some cheese? I haven't made any supper
If we report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speaker's exact words (direct speech), but reported (indirect) speech. Therefore, you need to learn how to transform direct speech into reported speech. We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe. - Example: If this verb is in the present tense (says), it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence. When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense. : direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She says she likes ice cream - But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense (said), then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech: direct speech: "I like ice cream" reported speech: She said she liked ice cream. ......... · When there are Changing tenses: present changes to past:::: am/is --- was are -- were want/like/know/go etc --- wanted/liked/knew/went etc do/does --- did have/has had
· DIRECT · INDIRECT · Am, is, are · Was/were · Shall/will · Should/would · Can · Could · May · Might · Must · Have/has to · Ought to · Had to CHANGES OF ADVERB OF TIME & PLACE · DIRECT · INDIRECT · NOW · THEN · TOMORROW · THE FOLLOWING DAY · NEXT WEEK · THE FOLLOWING WEEK · TONIGHT · THAT NIGHT · TODAY · THAT DAY · YESTERDAY · THE DAY BEFORE · LAST NIGHT · THE NIGHT BEFORE · LAST WEEK · THE WEEK BEFORE
INGLISE KEELE KORDAMINE TIME CLAUSES Present Simple · Permanent states, facts (Tom works..) · Repeated and habitual actions, routines (She usually goes..) · Laws of nature and general truths (The sun sets in the west) · Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening
Phonology: the subfield of linguistics that studies the structure and systematic patterning of sounds in human language. Phonetics: of the acoustic detail of speech sounds and how they are articulated. Phone: [p] A phone is actual pronunciation of a phoneme. A phone is represented between brackets Allophone: e.g. pin spin Phoneme: /p/ - /iz/ `houses' /s/ voicless `cats' /z/ `boys' /t/ `learned' /id/ `wanted' A phoneme is the smallest unit of the sound system of a language. If two sounds have the same phoneme, they are treated equally. A phoneme is represented between slashes. Morphology: is the study of word formations and the internal structure of words Morphemes: the smallest units of language that have their own meaning or grammatical function. cat, cat/s, laugh/ed, un/able, sheep Free morphemes: cat, laugh, eat, red Bound morphemes: prefixes: pre- prejudge dis- dislike suffixes: -ist typist
REPORTED SPEECH 2. Kui saatelause verb on oleviku aegades, siis ei muutu kaudse kõne verbi aeg. Kui saatelause verb on minevikus, toimub väit- ja küsilausetes aegade nihe: Prsent Simple Past Simple Present Progressive Past Progressive Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Past Simple Past Perfect Past Progressive Past Perfect Progressive Past Perfect jääb muutmata Past Perfect Progressive jääb muutmata Future Simple Future in the Past 3. Kui saatelause verb on minevikus, asendatakse kaudses kõnes mõned lähedust väljendavad sõnad kaugust väljendavate sõnadega: This that These those Here there Now then Ago before Today that day Tomorrow the next day Yesterday the day before Last night the previous night Next week the following week Aegade nihet ei toimu kui 1. Lause väljendab üldtuntud tõde
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