We/you/they Have made Have not made Have they made? Present Perfect I have been asking Have not been asking Have I been asking? Continuous (kestev He/she/it has been going Has not been going Has he been going? täisminevik) We/you/they have been making Have not been making Have they been making? Past Simple I Asked Did not ask Did I ask? (lihtminevik) He/she/it Went Didnot go Did he go? We/you/they Made Did not make Did they make? Past Continuous I Was asking Was not asking Was I asking? (kestev minevik) He/she/it Was going Was not going Was he going?
Lihtminevik Past Simple I, you, he, she, it, we, they + II pv (-ed) N: Yesterday he worked very hard. Küsivas ja eitavas vormis kasutatakse abutegusõna vormi DID, millele järgneb põhitehusõna algvorm. N: küsiv- Did he work much yesterday? Eitav- He did not (didn't) work much. Õigekirjareeglid: · kui sõna lõpus on üks rõhuline stop stopped täishäälik + kaashäälik, siis kaashäälik plan planned kahekordistub lõpu -ed ees; prefer - preferred kui aga on kaks täishäälikut + kaashäälik, siis viimane ei kahekordistu ( seemed, looked ) · kui sõna lõpus on kaashäälik + y, carry carried
Olevik: PS He/she/it + -s /Does I/you/we sama /Do PC am/is/are + -ing PP ... + Have/has + III PPC ... + Have/has been + -ing Minevik: PS -ed/III PC Was/were + -ing PP I/she/it/you/they + Had + -ed/III PPC - ... + had + been + -ing PPS - ... + have/has + III Olevik: Present Simple Lihtolevik: Tegijale harjumuspärane, tihti korduv tegevus, loodusseadused, sõiduplaanid, püsiv olukord. Eevery day/month/ year/once twice a week /often/ usually/ always/seldom/never. Tulevikku väljendades pärast: when, after, as soon as, until. Olekut väljendavate tegusõnadega: Like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore; See, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound; Know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, notice, recognise, think,
;P ulJbijlg lsBN 978-1-8432s-569-7 Illllll]ililil]t llll ||||rl 9 x781843x255697x Conlenls UNI T1 househol d & appl i ances; dw el l i ngs ln Searchof the Perfect My Home is my chores;colours& rooms;home H ome(mul ti pl choi e ce) Castle(pp. 5-19) safety TheCharmingPast:Blarney Castle- Du
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous........................................................................... 4
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5
Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again. He ... (step) out of his father's car when the bell rang. 7 Helen ... (lie) on the sofa when an ambulance stopped in front of the house. 8 I ... (give) this report from inside the school radio studio. Right now, the two teams ... (take) their places on the football field.
Students' own answers 11 sympathies 2 1 time-consuming 12 verdict 2E Narrative tenses page 16 2 long-lasting 3 light-hearted 2 That he was responsible not only for 1 1 past perfect continuous 4 absent-minded his family but also to wider society. 2 past simple 5 wide-eyed 3 1 set 7 on 3 past continuous 6 fair-skinned 2 tells 8 on 4 future in the past 3 made 9 for 5 past perfect 3 1 well-behaved 6 used to 2 far-reaching 4 during / in 10 that
;P ulJbijlg lsBN 978-1-8432s-569-7 Illllll]ililil]t llll ||||rl 9 x781843x255697x Conlenls UNI T1 househol d & appl i ances; dw el l i ngs ln Searchof the Perfect My Home is my chores;colours& rooms;home H ome(mul ti pl choi e ce) Castle(pp. 5-19) safety TheCharmingPast:Blarney Castle- Du
sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those who are studying English as a second language, will profit from the fundamental introduction and review of grammar provided by SADDLEBACK'S BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR 1 and 2. Helpful marginal notes throughout the books have been provided to reinforce existing skills and call attention to common problem areas. We wish you every success in your pursuit of English proficiency. 1 What is Grammar? 5 The Simple Past Tense 98 Regular and Irregular Verbs 99 Was and Were 104 2 The Capital Letter 6 The Past Progressive Tense 106 The Future Tense 108 Can and Could 112
One member of the cooperative may have several shares. Article 63. General Meeting 1. Unless otherwise stipulated by the law, the members of a cooperative exercise their cooperative related rights at the general meeting. 3. Each member has one voting right. A different distribution of the voting rights may be defined by the statute. Article 65. Supervisory Board 1. A cooperative has a supervisory board consisting of at least 3 and no more than 15 members elected by simple majority of votes of the members being present at the general meeting. 3. Supervisory board monitors the activity of the board of directors in every area of the management and for this purpose obtains information on progress of the cooperative's operations. Article 66. Board of Directors; The Directors 1. A board of directors of a cooperative consists of at least 2 directors (members of the board of directors). The directors may not be the members of the cooperative
3. Actions repeated over a period of time. She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4. We are interested in the activity. It does not matter whether something has been finished or not I have been painting the ceiling. Negative form: I haven't (have not) been learning Spanish very long. He hasn't (has not) been eating properly. Question form: Has it been snowing recently? How long have you been working on the computer? Signal words: for 2 hours, since..., all day, etc. PAST SIMPLE (lihtminevik) Form: 2nd form (-ed) Use: 1. A finished time in the past. We can ask when? I visited John yesterday. 2. Finished actions taking place one after another. I woke up, ate breakfast and went to work. Negative form: I didn't (did not) enjoy the film much. He didn't (did not) go to school yesterday. Question form: Did you watch the match yesterday? What did you do at the weekend? Signal words: yesterday, last..., ago, in 1979, the other day, etc.
Inglise keele ajavormid Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative Adverbs Present Simple I do not + I 1) Do you go to school? every day (week, month, (Lihtolevik: Ma käin he, she, it } I-s he, she, it } does not + I 2) When does he go to year) koolis.) ex: I go to school. school? always often She goes to school
PAST TENSES Ats A.Tamm Tsirguliina Secondary School 10.Class Past Simple - Lihtminevik Did + II pv ed We liked went to shop I didn't like to go shop Did we like to go shop? Kasutamine: yesterday, then, when, in 1999 etc, last night, last week, last year Past Continuous Kestev minevik Was/were (=olema minevikus + põhitegusõna + ing I was reading a book I wasn't reading a book Was I reading a book? Kasutamine: While, when, as, all morning, all day, all week Past Perfect - Enneminevik Had+ tegusõna III põhivorm (lõpuga ed või ebareeglipäraste sõnade puhul muu) I had asked I had not asked Had I asked?
We are going to the theatre. Pane tähele! Kestvat olevikku kasutatakse tegevusverbides (I am dancing, you are eating etc.). Mõned verbid on mitte tegevusverbid, näiteks ei saa öelda I am liking või you are knowing, vaid I like ja you know. Järgmiseid verbe ei kasutata tavaliselt kestvas olevikus. like love hate want need prefer know realise suppose mean understand believe remember belong contain consist depend seem Past Simple Lihtmineviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I asked I did not ask Did I ask? He/she/it went He/she/it did not go Did he/she/it go? We/you/they made We/you/they did not make Did we/you/they make?
Past simple vs past continuous 1.In the following sentences put the verbs in brackets in either the past simple or past continuous tense. Put any other words in the brackets in the correct place. Look at the example provided. 1.While the teacher was explaining (explain) the sum on the blackboard, the children were throwing (throw) paper aeroplanes around the classroom. 2.Eve ............................ (live) in Athens when she ............................ (meet) the man who was to become her husband. 3............................. you ............................ (not work) at Mcllroy's when they ......
Fill in IN, ON, AT: 1. Dave was born in September. 2. He was born on the 16th of May 3. We agreed to meet at half past four. 4. On Christmas we all went to see our grandmother. 5. Jennifer came to England in 1992. 6. It started to snow on New Year's Day. 7. The First World War ended in 1918. 8. She arrived in spring. 9. We met on Sunday afternoon last week. 10. Do you drive at night? 11. It's Bruce's birthday next Wednesday. 12. Dick and Mary got married in 1993 on the 10th of July. 13. At midnight we heard footsteps. 14. In the morning we went to school as usual. 15. This castle was built in the 15th century.
PRESENT PAST TENSES FUTURE TENSES TENSES minevik tulevik olevik Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple lihtolevik Lihtminevik Lihttulevik I You + I põhivorm + II pv We ? , - Do + I pv. ?, - Did + I pv Will + I põhivorm They He + I põhivorm + S Tegevus tulevikus, mis ei She ?,- Does + I pv Lõpetatud tegevus ole ettekavatsetud It (yesterday, last week) (tomorrow, next week, next year)
MOODUSTAMINE ABITEGUSÕNAD AJAMÄÄRUSED AEGADE Et moodustada eitavat, küsilauset NIHE KAUDSES KÕNES AJAVORM Present Simple Tegusõna I põhivorm Always, often, usually, Lihtolevik (algvorm) do sometimes, seldom, does every .... , once a year, he / she / it +s twice a month ...... Past Simple Tegusõna II põhivorm did Yesterday, ..... ago,
Past last ... ; Toimus I worked action took place in the past, mostly minevikus Simple ... ago infinitive + he worked connected with an expression of I went liht in 1990 ed time (no connection to the present) he went minevik yesterday · an action happened in the Kestis teatud Past When you middle of another action hetkel minevikus I was working
Enne, varem kui (earlier; before, previously) Kasutatakse juba toimunud sündmustest rääkimiseks (ümberjutustamiseks), mis toimusid (olid toimunud) varem, kui äsja toimunud sündmused (Ta rääkis, et ta oli eelmisel päeval kohanud oma sõpra, kellega nad olid käinud koos ülikoolis. He said that he had met his university friend the day before.) Aja- ja kohamäärused: this asemel that Now then Yesterday the day before; previous day Tomorrow the next day Kestev ajavorm: had+ been+ tegusõna+ing Had been doing/asking Määrsõna: alates, mingist ajast peale (since); He said had been reading the newspaper since 10 the other day (eelmisel päeval). (Teatud aja) jooksul, vältel (for); They had been chatting for hours before the parents came home.
Inglise keele ajavormid: 5. Õppeaasta Ajavorm Tähendus Vormid Abisõnad Present Continuous Kestev olevik am Look! Listen! Now! At (Present Progressive) BE is +ING the moment. At the are present. Present Simple Üldolevik He, she, it + S Always, usually (Indefinite) They, we, you, I (s) Sometimes, every ?does (he, she, it) (s) often Do (they, we, you, I) (s) Past Simple Lihtminevik II pv/ -ed Last, yesterday, ago
Present perfect (täisminevik) Have, has kasutatakse kõikides + have, has + 3.põhivorm lausetes - have, has + not + 3.põhivorm ? have, has + 3.põhivorm Väljendab: Äsja lõppenud tegevust, täna/sel nädalal/sel kuul/sel aastal toimunud tegevust, tegevust, mida on/ei ole kunagi tehtud Spikkrisõnad: today, this week, this year, already, yet, just, never, ever, for, lately Past simple (lihtminevik) Did kasutatakse eitavas ja küsilausetes + 2.põhivorm - did + not + 1.põhivorm ? did + 1.põhivorm Väljendab: Minevikus toimnud tegevust, tegevuse v sündmuse aeg on antud. Tgevust, mis toimus minevikus korduvalt, kuid enam ei toimu Spikkrisõnad: ago, last, yesterday Past continuous (kestev minevik) Was, were kasutatakse kõikides lausetes + be (was, were) + 1.põhivorm ing
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play)
Ametlikumas vormis kasutame as, et öelda, et asjad on sarnased (esineb enne alust) The exam starts at 9.30 as I have already said. Kasutame as, et rääkida ametitest ja töödest, mida inimesed teevad She works as a teacher in a primary school. Kasutame as, kui me viitame informatsioonile, mida nii rääkija kui kuulaja juba teavad As you know, I'm starting a new job next month. 4.2 Narrative tenses 4.2a Lihtminevik Kasutame: et rääkida sündmustest minevikus, mis on nüüdseks lõppenud I went to the zoo last weekend. et rääkida mineviku situatsioonidest I lived next door to my best friend. kaudses kõnes 4.2b Kestev minevik Kasutame: et rääkida asjades, mis on minevikus kestvad. They were walking along the bank of a river. et rääkida sündmusest, mis oli kestev, kui teine sündmus aset leidis They were driving down the road when a dog ran in
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play)
2 Praeguse perioodi vältel 2 Täna/sel nädalal toimunud 3 Tulevikus toimuv, seotud toimuv. 3 Elavate inimeste kohta, sõiduplaanidega. 3 Tulevikus toimuv, mida nad on/ei ole oma elus ettekavatsetud. teinud. II/-ed WAS/WERE + ING HAD + III pv. I learned English I was learning English I got up at 7 yesterday. I was reading a book when you When I came home, my He didn't get up at 7 came. sister had gone to bed. yesterday. He wasn't reading a book when What time did you get up? you came. What were you doing when I came. Toimus minevikus. Kestis teatud hetkel minevikus. Tegevuse puhul, mis toimus
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play)
TENSES (Table) Past Simple Present Simple Future Simple Tegusõna 2. pv Tegusõna 1. pv Tegusõna on esitatud kujul [NB! He/She/It _____(e)s] Küsimuse/eituse will + 1. pv moodustamiseks kasut. Küsimuse/eituse did + 1. pv moodustamiseks kasut. Eituste moodustamisel do / does + 1. pv will not = won't Tunnused lauses: Lihtminevik
Past Tenses • Lihtminevik (Past Simple / Past Indefinite) – ära toimunud, lõpetatud tegevus • Kestev minevik (Past Progressive / Past Continuous) – minevikus pooleli olnud tegevus • Enneminevik !!! (Past Perfect) – minevik enne minevikku OLI -NUD • Kestev enneminevik (Past Perfect Progressive) – enne minevikku äsja lõppenud või toimumas olnud tegevus Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …) • Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, … • 2pv;
· tegevused, mida tehti minevikus enne teise teadaoleva tegevuse algust. (for, since) · tegevused, mis kestist mingit aega minevikus ja mille tulemused olid näha minevikus. väljendid, mida kasutatakse: for, since, how long, before, until, etc He had been working He hadn't been working Had he been working USED TO harjunud olema · used to+infinitive(da-tegevusnimi) I used to work I didn't used to work Did you used to work FUTURE SIMPLE [will+bare infinitive] lihttulevik · oletused tuleviku kohta, mida me arvame, usume või kujutleme. · otsused, mis on tehtud rääkimise hetkel · lubadused, ähvardused, hoiatused, palved, lootused ja pakkumised · asjad, mis kindlasti juhtuvad. I will work I won't work Will you work BE GOING TO · plaanid tulevikuks · tegevused, mida oleme otsustanud teha lähitulevikus · oletused selle põhjal, mida näeme väljendid, mida kasutakse:
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year,
He doesn’t live opposite the bank. Ta ei ela panga vastas. She doesn’t live in this flat Ta ei ela enam selles korteris. anymore. We don’t live together. Me ei ela koos. They don’t live next door Nad ei ela enam meie kõrval. anymore. PAST SIMPLE – lihtminevik – LÕPETATUD SEISUND VÕI TEGEVUS I finished the project yesterday. Ma lõpetasin selle projekti eile. You finished Cambridge University. Sa lõpetasid Cambridge ülikooli. He finished art school last year. Ta lõpetas kunstikooli eelmisel aastal.
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