Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Inglise keele artiklid.". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
artiklit, nimisõnad, there, rose, mitmus, milk, muusika, definite, cats, snow, roses, mitmuses, garden, lion, lõvi, mona, teacher, omadussõnaga, same, gold, expensive, kuld, money, baltic, mary, mother, tell, indefinite, ainsus, eating, drinking, animals, pair, seen, good, films, friends, yours, asking, teachers, children, favorite, paper, üldistadashall / should / ought to supposed to talk. / I am expected to talk. / be to I am to talk. Modaalverbide tähendused · Tõenäosus Modal verb Example Tähendus must They must be happy about it. There has to be another way. Suur tõenäosus. can This can be the right decision. should / I should arrive in time. Mitte päris kindel, kuid võimalik. ought to He ought to arrive in time. could This could be the right decision.
Artikkel Artikkel on abisõna, mis kuulub nimisõna juurde. Inglise keeles on kaks artiklit: 1) umbmäärane artikkel umbmäärane artikkel on a, täishäälikuga algava nimisõna ees an 2) Määrav artikkel on the Umbmäärase artikli puudumine võib muuta nimisõna tähendust wood puit a wood mets fire tuli a fire lõke iron raud a iron triikraud He gave me the book. Ta andis mulle selle raamatu. He gave me a book
Artikkel the pärisnimedega 10 Artikkel the geograafiliste nimedega 10 Artikkel a, an 10 Muu 11 Otsekõne Direct speech 11 Kaudkõne Reported speech 11 Kaudküsimused Reported questions 12 Passiiv Passive voice 12 Loendatavad nimisõnad Countable nouns 12 Loendamatud nimisõnad Uncountable nouns. 13 Mitmuse moodustamine 13 Siduvad asesõnad 14 Omastav kääne 14 Käskiv kõneviis 15 Omadussõnad 15 Viisimäärsõnad 16 Tingimuslaused 16
.............................................................................................11 Kaudkõne Reported speech........................................................................................11 Kaudküsimused Reported questions..........................................................................12 Passiiv Passive voice .................................................................................................12 Loendatavad nimisõnad Countable nouns.................................................................12 Loendamatud nimisõnad Uncountable nouns............................................................13 Mitmuse moodustamine................................................................................................13 Siduvad asesõnad..........................................................................................................14 Omastav kääne............................
Articles: A(N), THE, Ø A(N) üks (mingi), üks paljudest loendatava ja ainsuses oleva nimisõna esmane mainimine THE "see" (kõigile teada/näha, millest on jutt) nimisõna võib olla nii ainsuses kui mitmuses; loendatav või mitte Ø (nullartikkel) üldistav (loendatavad nimisõnad mitmuses, mitte loendatavad ainsuse või mitmuse vormis) Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 A(N) Loendatavate, ainsuses olevate ja esmakordselt mainitavate nimisõnade/omadus- ja nimisõnade ees · Uus info: A (young) man in a streetcar smiled at me. · Ametid: She always wanted to be a dancer. · Kindlad väljendid: a couple of; be in a hurry; etc Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 A(N) set phrases
October is the tenth month. What is the most interesting lesson for you? 6) mõnede pärisnimedega jõgede, merede ja ookeanide nimed- the Thames, the Baltic Sea teatrite, kinode ja hotellide nimed- the Palace mitmuses olevad perekonnanimed- the Greens 7) leiutistest rääkides Who invented the telephone? Väljendeid määrava artikliga: in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon in the country on the right/ left go to the cinema go to the theatre listen to the radio Määravat artiklit ei kasutata: 1) mängude nimetustega I play football every day. Do you like boardgames? 2) aastaaegade, kuude, nädalapäevade, pühade nimetustega She was born in July. My favourite month is summer. She goes swimming on Mondays. Children like Christmas a lot. 3) liiklusvahendite nimetustega I go to school by bike. 4) kui räägitakse asjadest üldiselt My friend likes folk music. We like books about animals. 5) keelte nimetustega I can speak Russian. 6) söögiaegade nimetustega
Artikkel · UMBMÄÄRANE ARTIKKEL A/AN: 1. Asja või olendi mainimine esmakordselt There is an apple on the table 2. A/AN -> one Give me a book 3. Üldistades A tiger is dangerous 4. Elukutsete ja rahvuste puhul Mrs black is an actress. She is an American. I have A sore throat / headache I have A temperature I have A cold Go for A walk Have A good time Have A look Take A bath Take A picture Speak in A loud voice Half AN hour One A year What A pity! As A matter of fact o MÄÄRAV ARTIKKEL 1
ARTIKKEL Umbmäärane artikkel A/AN 60 Määrav artikkel THE 60 ASESÕNA Isikulised asesõnad 62 Omastavad asesõnad 62 SOME, ANY ja NO ning nende liitvormid 62 MANY ja MUCH; FEW ja LITTLE 64 NIMISÕNA Nimisõnade mitmus 65 Nimisõnade omastav kääne 66 OMADUSSÕNA kesk- ja ülivõrre 67 TEGUSÕNA Tegusõna BE pööramine (olevik) 69 Tegusõna BE pööramine (minevik) 70 HAVE GOT pööramine 71 Üldolevik 73 Üldminevik
pöördsõna, verb central element. It denotes actions, events, processes and states. Verbs are either regular (cough, coughs, coughing, coughed) or irregular (speak, speaks, spoke, speaking, spoken). There are three main grammatical classes of verb: lexical (walk, put, love), auxiliary (do, be, have) and modal (can, must, will). Lexical and auxiliary verbs indicate contrasts of tense, person and number.
The Article Table of Contents General Rules....................................................................... 2 The Definite Article ............................................................... 5 Names that take the Definite Article...................................... 6 No article.............................................................................. 7 Countable and uncountable nouns ....................................... 9 General Rules There are two articles in the English language – the Indefinite Article and the Definite Article. The Indefinite Article has two forms – a and an (a precedes words beginning with a consonant sound and an precedes words beginning with a vowel sound)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z When do you use a capital letter? 4Use a capital letter for the first letter in a sentence: The dog is barking. Come here! 4Always use a capital letter for the word I : I am eight years old. Tom and I are good friends. 4Use a capital letter for the names of people: Alice, Tom, James, Kim, Snow White 4Use a capital letter for the names of places: National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento 4Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays, days of the week, months of the year: New Year's Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mother's Day, Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October Exercise 1 Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space above them. 1 peter and i are good friends.
•I want an orange. (not I want orange.) •Where is my bottle? (not Where is bottle?) When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone: •I like oranges. •Bottles can break. We can use some and any with countable nouns: •I've got some dollars. •Have you got any pens? We can use a few and many with countable nouns: •I've got a few dollars. •I haven't got many pens. definite article The definite article the is the most frequent word in English. We use the definite article in front of a noun when we believe the hearer/reader knows exactly what we are referring to. • because there is only one: The Pope is visiting Russia. The moon is very bright tonight. The Shah of Iran was deposed in 1979. This is why we use the definite article with a superlative adjective: He is the tallest boy in the class. It is the oldest building in the town.
INGLISE KEELE PÕHITÕED C.K 2017 A – AN – SOME Singular: a or an Use some for things you can't count ◦ *a banana *a car *a monkey *a football ◦ *some milk *some water *some coffee ◦ *an egg*an accident *an umbrella *an *some sugar eagle ◦ *some tea *some juice*some money *some butter Plural: some Exercises: 1. http://www.english-4u.de/a_an_some_ex1.htm ◦ *some bananas *some cats *some monkeys *some 2. http://www.english-4u
lose lost lost 7 Infinitive Past simple Past participle Translation make made made mean meant meant meet met met must had to (had to) pay paid paid put put put read read read ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent shake shook shaken shine shone shone show showed shown shrink shrank shrunk shut shut shut sing sang sung sink sank sunk sit sat sat sleep slept slept
The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true. Vocabulary:
Why? 17. How old were you when you first went to see a puppet show? Do you remember what it was? 18. Who is your favourite actor/actress? 19. What performance or concert would you like to see if it were possible? Why? 20. Have you got a drama club at your school? Are you a member of it? 21. Have you ever worn a costume? When? Why? 22. Have you ever seen a rehearsal of a show? When? Which show? 23. Have you ever been to a zoo? Which zoo? What animals were there? http://www.abiks.pri.ee 24. Have you ever been to a funfair? Where? 25. Have you ever been to a circus? When? Where? 26. Have you ever seen a circus show on TV? 27. What did you see in the show? (an animal act? clowns? acrobats? jugglers?) 28. Are you good at juggling? What makes you think so? 29. Do you like aerobics? Are you good at it? Do you know anybody who is? 30. Would you like to perform in a circus?
2 What time do you go/are you going to bed at weekends? _____________________________________ 3 This Girlzone CD is belonging/belongs to Alan. _____________________________________ 4 I understand/am understanding English, but not Spanish. _____________________________________ 5 Why does she run/is she running? Because she's late for work. __________________________________ 6 She doesn't enjoy/is not enjoying the film. _____________________________________ 7 This milk is tasting/tastes horrible. _____________________________________ 8 The Spice Girls are making/make a new CD at the moment. _____________________________________ 9 I am thinking/think it's a good idea for you to study biology. _____________________________________ 10 We want to go for a walk but it's raining/it rains outside. _____________________________________ Marks: /10
- proper nouns (a single word) vs proper names (King's College, the Hague, NB! *King's famous College, *the beautiful Hague) - may undergo processes of lexical morphology: un-Joneslike, Jonesian - open class words Common nouns: - count (denote individual countable entities): dog, pen, chair - noncount (denote an undifferentiated mass or continuum): water, gold, sugar, furniture Concrete vs. Abstract: (semantic distinction) concrete: table, milk abstract: love, thought, idea remark--remarks, warmth--*warmths One class or more: Nouns in English can be assigned to a primary or default class. Nevertheless, it is often possible to coerce a noun from one class to another, with a concomitant meaning change. Proper count: There are three Evas in the class. Count noncount (mass): After the accident, there was cat all over the road. Mass count: The waitress brought three waters to the table.
Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). Syntax (concerned with the rules [grammar] and how sentences and words are formed).
Eumelanin gives the blacks, browns and blues while phaeomelanin gives the reds, fawns and creams. A few other genes give further variations on those colours such silvers, colourpoints and solids/selfs. Mutations continue to occur and unexpected colours also turn up due to inbreeding where recessive genes, hidden for generations, start showing up. AMBER AND LIGHT AMBER During the 1990s, some purebred Norwegian Forest Cats in Sweden produced chocolate/lilac and cinnamon/fawn offspring. However, those colours are not found in the purebred Norwegian Forest Cat gene pool. Had the gene pool become polluted by someone, perhaps generations ago, breeding their Norwegian Forest Cat to another breed? Was it a spontaneous mutation? Crossing of those cats with known chocolate and cinnamon colour cats of other breeds ruled out chocolate/lilac and cinnamon/fawn genes. These cats were a totally new
majorly caused by industrial waste that deprives soil from essential nutrients. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO STOP POLLUTION. 2. Global Warming: Climate changes like global warming is the result of human practices like emission of Greenhouse gases. Global warming leads to rising temperatures of the oceans and the earth surface causing melting of polar ice caps, rise in sea levels and also flash floods, excessive snow or desertification. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO STOP GLOBAL WARMING. 3. Overpopulation: The population of the planet is reaching unsustainable levels as it faces shortage of resources like water, fuel and food. Population explosion in less developed and developing countries is straining the already scarce resources. Intensive agriculture practiced to produce food, damages the environment through use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO STOP OVERPOPULATION. 4
Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of the playing company the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He ap- pears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. Next he wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, con-
Yours sincerely, Lee Jones 5. ... I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to meeting you to discuss employment opportunities. Yours faithfully, Nicole Porter Paragraph Plan for Letters · salutation · Paragraph 1 reasons for writing · Paragraphs 2, 3 development · Final paragraph closing remarks · Name · Letters are divided into two categories, formal and informal. There are various types of formal and informal letters . · It is important to think about the person who you are writing to before you begin writing a letter. If the wrong style is used, the letter will look impolite, silly or odd. For example, if you used formal language to write to a close friend, the letter would look odd, or if you used informal language to write a letter to a company, the letter would look impolite.
(She is so gentle, so / gently cruel (pause is acted). Pauses may be marked in a text and may be introduced by the speaker. Both, oral and written speech are characterized by orchestration--the choice of words with respect to the acoustic properties of sound. Due to their acoustic features sound may evoke certain feelings or images. Euphony (Greek--pleasant for the ear). It can be said that evaluation of the sound is rather subjective. There was en experiment to prove the contrary. (kig, keg, kag, kog, kug) which was has the greatest and which has the smallest illumination. All the people guessed the same way. 7. Phonetic stylistic devices Onomatopoeia--echo writing. It is a combination of sound, which suggests acoustic features of objects or actions. There are traditional cases that are registered in dictionaries (buzz, rattle, splash, squeak) More original, expressive cases combine nonce coinages
2. nimisõna arvu "der Junge" Singular/ainsus "die Jungen" Plural/mitmus 3. nimisõna käände "dem Mann" Dativ "des Mannes Genitiv Artiklid võivad olla määravad (der bestimmte Artikel) umbmäärased (der unbestimmte Artikel) Määrav artikkel (der bestimmte Artikel) Ainsus (Singular) Mitmus (Plural) "der Garten" "die Gärten" "die Stadt" "die Stadte" "das Haus" "die Häuser" Määrav artikkel (der bestimmte Artikel) osutab sellele, et kõnealune objekt on eelnevast vestluses osalejatele tuntud. Mõnikord esineb määrav artikkel ka asesõna "see" asemel. Kennen Sie den Mann? Kas te tunnete seda meest?
(Mul on peale selle veel kolm kbarat.) BETWEEN: She sat between Harry and Toby. (Ta istus Harry ja Toby vahel.) BEYOND: The church is beyond the river. (Kirik on teisel pool jge.) BY: It's made by hand. (See on ksitsi tehtud.) DOWN: We ran down the hill. (Me jooksime mest alla.) DURING: I visited him during my stay in London. (Ma klastasin teda Londonis viibimise ajal.) EXCEPT: We get up early every day except Sunday. (Me tuseme vara iga pev, vlja arvatud phapev.) FOR: He stayed there for three days. (Ta ji sinna kolmeks pevaks.) FROM: I took it from the box. (Vtsin selle kastist.) IN: In summer they stayed in town. (Suvel jid nad linna.) IN FRONT OF: He stopped in front of the house. (Ta peatus maja ees.) INSIDE: They are inside the house. (Nad on majas.) INTO: Let him into the house. (Lase ta majja.) NEAR: Our house is near the postoffice. (Meie maja on postkontori ligidal.) OF: He bought a bar of chocolate. (Ta ostis tahvli okolaadi.) OFF: Dick fell off the ladder
Harold McMillan articulated his now famous “winds of change” sweeping Africa. We had high hopes for Africa, for the Black race, that the insidious imposition of foreign rule on us, the looting of Africa’s natural resources by our colonial masters accorded us would be things of history. That is more than forty years ago. Unfortunately, the promise of independence has not been fulfilled. Today, Africa has become more desolate; there is more starvation, diseases and non-provision of essential services than when we got our independence. There are all kinds of wars in Africa than the rest of world put together. The majority of so-called Africans leaders want to stay in power until the day their bodies are put in the grave. Through buffoonery, utter mismanagement and downright stealing of the wealth of the masses, these leaders have so impoverished Africa that we are now nothing but a beggar continent. We beg for
Thus Stylistics is a part of theory of literature (literary criticism) and poetics. Poetics is a science viewing a structure of a literary work and esthetic means "employ with it". Linguistic Stylistics studies linguistic facts from the point of view of their ability to convey extra shades of meaning (connotations we call them). Any speech act (oral or written) is meant to pass an information. There are 2 types of information: 1. the content proper 2. additional information, which is connected with the conditions and participants of the act of the communication. This additional information finds expression in emotional overtones that are attached to the main content of the utterance. Every speaker has experienced that the form of speech may vary depending on a speaker, a
6 The food was neither cheap nor 4 financial 9 worthless 2 I agreed to give Jenny a lift into good. 5 costly 10 economical town. 7 There are no easy answers. 3 I had no difficulty repairing the 2 1 economical 7 priceless 8 Few of my relatives live nearby. broken vase. 2 pricey 8 economic 9 My parents have little money.
Acknowledgements xi Acknowledgements for the Second Edition xii 1 Introduction: meaning and reference 1 Overview 1 Meaning and understanding 1 The Referential Theory 3 Summary 6 Questions 6 Further reading 6 Part I: Reference and referring 2 Definite descriptions 9 Overview 9 Singular terms 10 Russell's Theory of Descriptions 12 Objections to Russell's theory 19 Summary 29 Questions 30 Further reading 30 3 Proper names: the Description Theory 31 Overview 31
Claro / Claro que sí ¿Cómo? pweh-deh ah-yoo-dar-meh klah-roh / klah-roh keh see koh-moh Can you help me? (formal) Sure / Of course What? Pardon me? ¿Dónde está / Dónde están... ? Aquí / Ahí Hay / Había... dohn-deh eh-stah / dohn-deh eh- ah-kee / ah-ee eye / ah-bee-ah stahn Here / There There is / are... / There was / were... Where is ... / Where are ... ? ¿Cómo se dice ____ en español? ¿Qué es esto? ¿Qué te pasa? koh-moh seh dee-seh ___ en eh- keh ehs ehs-toh keh teh pah-sah spahn-yol What is that? What's the matter (with you)? How do you say ____ in Spanish? No importa
I'm always making them. --Charles Darwin MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA, 10 P.M., FRIDAY horeline Amphitheater was rocking. S More than 20,000 people had turned out at northern California's largest music venue to hear Nine Inch Nails, loud and in charge, on what was expected to be their last tour. Backstage, there was more unusual entertainment. "Dude, I go into the stall to take care of business, and I look over and see the top of Tim's head popping above the divider. He was doing f*cking air squats in the men's room in complete silence." Glenn, a videographer and friend, burst out laughing as he reenacted my technique. To be honest, he needed to get his thighs closer to parallel. "Forty air squats, to be exact," I offered.
" "You mistake me, my dear. I have a high respect for your nerves. They are my old friends. I have heard you mention them with consideration these last twenty years at least." "Ah, you do not know what I suffer." "But I hope you will get over it, and live to see many young men of four thousand a year come into the neighbourhood." "It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them." "Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will visit them all." Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace
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