Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Gerunds and infinitives". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
infinitive, mean, refer, verb, remember, verbs, forget, regret, action, means, prefer, parents, gerund, late, bear, work, expect, wish, allow, leave, teach, tell, without, hear, exercise, stay, night, study, enjoy, feel, imagine, involve, resent, going, restaurant, adjective, noun, listening, complain, afford, agree, happen, intend, refuse, object, causeGerunds (to) and infinitives (-ing) 7.1 Verbs followed by the gerund form ing. I considered buying a flat in Monte Carlo, but they were too expensive. Here are some common verbs which are followed by the gerund: Admit, appreciate (hindama), avoid, can´t help, can´t stand, consider, delay (viivitama), deny, detest (jälestama), dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, face, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine (ette kujutama), involve (sisaldama), mention (mainima), mind, miss, postpone (edasi lükkama), practise, put off, recall, resent, risk, suggest, understand 7.2 Verbs and phrases followed by the infinitive without ´to´ You must answer all the questions.
Neti Habakuk Margit Mölder Forming: infinitive+ ing (I+ing) USING: 1) In some fixed expressions (As well as I+ing.., It is no good I+ing.., It is no use I+ing.., can not bear I+ing.., can not help I+ing.., worth I+ing..) 2) After prepositions (before I+ing.., of I+ing.., for I+ing.., by I+ing.., at I+ing..) 3) After verbs (enjoy, admit, consider, can`t stand/ help/ bear, deny, avoid, mind, suggest, understand) 4) With from and to with some verbs (He prevented her from leaving. Look forward to I+ing.., Get used to I+ing..) Forming: to+ verb I (to+v) USING: 1) After some adjectives (happy to+v.., wrong to+v..) 2) To express purpose (She went to Spain to meet her friend.) 3) After some nouns ( decision to+v.., time to+v.., wish to+v..) 4) After some main verbs ( appear, agree, ask, begin, choose, decide, expect, happen, help, hope, learn, like, love, mean, offer, prepare,
3 TALLEGG 11 MIZDE 4 VESITERM 12 LADA 5 STOW 13 SCHWUNG 6 KALEV 14 MAIASMOKK 7 YAMAHA 15 ISKU 8 ESTRAVEL 2 Affirmative tense Use Signal Words Negative/Questions · action in the present taking always, Present Simple A: He speaks. place once, never or several every ..., N: He does not speak. normally, often, Q: Does he speak? times seldom, · facts sometimes,
consider, considers, considered Open vs. Closed class words: In linguistics, a closed class (or closed word class) is a word class to which no new items can normally be added, and that usually contains a relatively small number of items. Typical closed classes found in many languages are adpositions (prepositions and postpositions), determiners, conjunctions, and pronouns.[1] Contrastingly, an open class offers possibilities for expansion. Typical open classes such as nouns and verbs can and do get new words often, through the usual means such as compounding,derivation, coining, borrowing, etc. [2] Syntax: studies how words group together to make phrases and sentences. Sentences are not simply random strings of words; they conform to specific patterns determined by the syntactic rules of the language. The syntactic rules in a grammar must account for the grammaticality of sentences, word
Modal Verbs Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................... 2 Characteristics of Modal Verbs ............................................. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs ............................................... 3 Expressing permission.......................................................... 3 Expressing obligation ........................................................... 3 Making offers........................................................................ 5 Making requests ................................................................... 6 Expressing possibility/probability......................................... 7
In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no. (past simple in both parts of the sentence) 1 First conditional If-clause present simple; Main clause future tense (or: can, must, may, etc., + bare infinitive) Used to talk about the consequences of a possible action (a real or very probable situation in the present or future). E.g., If I write my essay this afternoon, I will have time to go out tonight. (or: I might go out tonight). (It is still morning, and it is quite possible that I will do this.) NOTE: With type 1 conditionals we can use unless + affirmative verb (= if + negative verb). E.g., I will not be able to come unless Joe gives me a lift. (= If Joe does not give me a lift, ...)
1 Anne Seaton · Y. H. Mew Three Watson Irvine, CA 92618-2767 Web site: www.sdlback.com First published in the United States by Saddleback Educational Publishing, 3 Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 by arrangement with Learners Publishing Pte Ltd, Singapore Copyright ©2007 by Saddleback Educational Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago
3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted.) This needs to be thought about some more. (NOT This needs to be thought some more.) 6. Don't use a present tense after It's time. It's time you went home. (NOT It's time you go home.) It's time we invited Bill and Sonia. (NOT It's time we invite Bill and Sonia.) 7. Use was/were born to give dates of birth. I was born in 1975. (NOT I am born in 1975.) Shakespeare was born in 1564. 8. Police is a plural noun.
Use the ese forms to mean that when what you are talking about is near the person you are addressing. Use the aquel forms when what you are talking about is far from both you and the person you are addressing. Esto and eso are the neuter forms of this and that. They can be used in general and abstract ways. Demonstrative adjectives (listed above) are used before a noun; if you want to use the demonstrative pronouns, which are used before a verb, add an accent on all of the first e's: éste, ésta, éstos, éstas, ése, ésa, ésos, ésas, aquél, aquélla, aquéllos, aquéllas. 5. Subject Pronouns nosotros / noh-soh-trohs / yo yoh I we nosotras noh-soh-trahs
etc, at night/the weekend, on Fridays etc. Present Continuous · Actions taking place at or arount the moment of speaking (The kids are watching TV..) · Fixed arrangements in the near future (I'm going to the dentist tomorrow) · Currently changing ang developing situations (The number of burgularies is increasing) · With ,,Always" to express anger or irritation at a repeated action (You're always forgetting..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT CONTINUOUS: now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, still, today, tonight etc. Present Perfect · Action happened at an unstated time in the past. Emphasis on the action, time is unimportant or unknown. (I have washed the car) · Action started in the past and continues up to the present, especially with stative verbs (I have known her for six years)
Verb + -ing or to Verb + -ing Verb + -ing and to Verb + to 1) Stop, postpone, admit, avoid, CHANGE IN THE MEANING: 1) Offer, decide, hope, deserve, imagine, finish, consider, deny, risk, 1) Remember Example: 1. I promise, agree, plan, manage, afford, fancy. Example: Suddenly know I locked the door. I clearly threaten, refuse, arrange, fail, forget, everybody stopped talking. remember locking it. 2. Please learn. Example: It was late, so we 2) Give up, put off, go on / carry on, remember to post the letter. decided to take a taxi home. keep or keep on. Example: I've 2) Regret Example: 1. I regret 2) Seem, appear, tend, pretend, given up reading newspapers. saying what I said. I shouldn't claim. Example: They seem to have
Nouns can be divided into proper nouns and common nouns. Proper nouns give names to people and things (Tony Blair, Greece). Nouns which are not proper nouns are common nouns (table, boy, heat). Concrete nouns refer to physical entities that can be observed and measured (cat, garage, soldier). Abstract nouns refer to abstractions that cannot be observed and measured (competition, conscience). verb tegusõna, In a clause, the verb is an obligatory and the most walk, put, do, be, must
FUTURE SIMPLE BE GOING TO Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning.
Modals Sandra Haar Form 11 I am going to talk about... Can Could May Might Must Should Would Ought to Excercises References How do we use modal verbs? Affirmative: Subject + modal + infinitive, Example: She should stay Negative: Subject + modal(n`t) + infinitive, Example: She shouln`t stay Interrogative: (Wh) Modal + Subject + Infinitive, Example: Why should she stay? Can Ability to do something in the present-I can speak English. Permission to do something in the present-Can I go to the cinema? Request - Can you wait a moment, please? Offer- I can lend you my car till tomorrow. Suggestion- Can we visit Grandma at the weekend?
The rose is my favourite flower. We us a or an The dollar is a strong currency. only with singular nouns. The tiger lives in Asia. when we are talking about a thing in general. • when we refer to a system or service. Examples: When does the train arrive? We should call the ambulance. Example: I need a new laptop. Hand me a pencil, please. • with adjectives like rich, poor, or unemployed to talk about
· She is always coming to class late. · Why aren't you doing your homework? · He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up. USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now · I don't like them because they are always complaining. REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while Examples: eating dinner in a restaurant.) · She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not · I am studying to become a doctor. Correct · I am not studying to become a dentist. · She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct
Passive: S + will/shall + be + being + PP + by + O EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow. Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Future Perfect Tense Active: S + will/shall + have + V3ed + O Passive: S + will/shall + have + been + PP + by + O EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her. By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her. MODAL VERBS (MV) IN PASSIVE VOICE Modal Verbs can be used in either the present or past forms. Active: S + MV (not) + V + O Passive: S + MV (not) + Be + PP + by + O EX: We can't solve this problem. This problem can't be solved. PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE FORM Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V (BI)+ O2 S + Get + O1 + V (toinfinitive) + O2 Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP EX: My father had Tom wash his car.
Kirjastus Studium, 2009 Kõik õigused on kaitstud. Ilma autoriõiguse omaniku eelneva kirjaliku loata pole lubatud ühtki selle töövihiku osa paljundada ei elektroonilisel, mehaanilisel ega muul viisil. Töövihik on kooskõlas 2009. a uuendatud õppekomplektiga I Love English 6. Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again. He ..
adjective + preposition omadussõna + eessõna proud of, good at, married to adverb particle Some verbs are followed by adverb particles. Examples are: put on, take off, give away, bring up, call in. Sometimes the particle is detached from the verb and put after the object. •He took his boots off. •They called the doctor in. apposition a grammatical construction in which two usually adjacent nouns having the same referent stand in the same syntactical relation to the rest of a sentence (as the poet and Burns in “a biography of the poet Burns”) back-reference In grammatical analysis, the term reference is often used to state a relationship of identity which exists between grammatical units, e.g
It was raining earlier. He said it had been raining earlier. past perfect past perfect The play had started when I arrived. NO CHANGE POSSIBLE past perfect continuous past perfect continuous I'd already been living in London for five NO CHANGE POSSIBLE years. Other verb forms Other verb forms also sometimes change: will would I'll come and see you soon. He said he would come and see me soon. can could I can swim under water for two He said he could swim under water for two minutes. minutes. had to must
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future:
... Well, physically, I take after my mum, 12 say 13 don't / won't Challenge! Students' own answers I suppose. Our facial features are pretty similar same eyes, same-shaped 14 borrowed forehead. I've seen photos of her when 1E Phrasal verbs page 8 5 (possible answers) she was my age and apart from the 1 1 go ahead 5 come to eighties hairstyle we're the spitting 1 Well, you will go to bed late every night. 2 fall through 6 bring about image of each other! Some people
speaker the way the language should be written or spoken in order for the speaker to appear correct or educated. It could be said that this is an academic and strictly correct language use. For example: Never use ain’t Don’t split an infinitive (To quickly run) Descriptive grammar → Underlies the actual usage of speakers of the language. Grammar also has many components: Phonetics → The study of the acoustic detail of speech sounds and how they are articulated. Phone is a smallest unit of sound in human
Simple Present Present Progressive/Continious (99%) infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak I am speaking you speak you are speaking he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking we speak we are speaking they speak they are speaking
J: - Take this form and fill it in. May I see your passport? H: - Yes. Please. So...Should I write my full name, my passport number and the sum of money that has been sent to me, right? J: - Certainly. How would you like the money? H: - I prefer one hundred rouble notes, if you don't mind. J: - Here is your money. H: - Thank you Getting a post-restante. H: - Hi, Julia! What are you doing here? J: - I'm getting post restante letter from Boris... H: -Ah, yeah, remember him. What is he saying? J: - Oh, well...He is asking to come to him, and, besides, here is the money-order... H: - Oh! Would you like to cash money-order? Have you got your passport with you? J: - Yeah, certainly. H: - Then, they'll cash your money order without fail. J: - Ok, I'll go to that counter and speak to clerk. Wait for me, please! Can you go and by tickets with me after this? H: - Certainly! Discuss the functions of post office H: - There are a lot of functions of post office
A woman who would please her husband's eyes Alone, wants no such wealth of fineries. CLEANTE But, madam, after all . . . MADAME PERNELLE Sir, as for you, The lady's brother, I esteem you highly, Love and respect you. But, sir, all the same, If I were in my son's, her husband's, place, I'd urgently entreat you not to come Within our doors. You preach a way of living That decent people cannot tolerate. I'm rather frank with you; but that's my way-- I don't mince matters, when I mean a thing. DAMIS Mr. Tartuffe, your friend, is mighty lucky . . . MADAME PERNELLE He is a holy man, and must be heeded; I can't endure, with any show of patience, To hear a scatterbrains like you attack him. DAMIS What! Shall I let a bigot criticaster Come and usurp a tyrant's power here? And shall we never dare amuse ourselves Till this fine gentleman deigns to consent? DORINE If we must hark to him, and heed his maxims, There's not a thing we do but what's a crime;
tunnetame üksteise kiireid südamelööke, kas tunned, kuidas süda jätab lööke vahele, see kõik on midagi uut, meile kahele. · Women are stronger than men, because they can walk in a 12 cm stilettos without showing the pain. · Men would kill to protect women they love. Men were born because of women. Women.. We're special · It doesn't matter where, when, or how did we met. What matters is the fact that we did. · Loving someone so much doesn't always mean they're right one for us. · Wishes are for lazy people who can't get up and make their dreams come true on their own. Make it happen! · It's easy to say something, but it's harder to mean it. · Distance isn't a big factor in a relationship. Communication is. But most of all, commitment is the biggest. · A broken heart can hurt but it's the memories that kill you. · Every girl deserves to be treated with respect and not to be lied to or cheated on.
, London. The letter should begin with Dear Mr Witkins, and end with Yours sincerely, John Smith. 2. In semi-formal and informal letters the recipient's address is not included in the letter. In a semi-formal letter showing respect for the recipient with whom you are on friendly terms, begin the letter with Dear Mr/Mrs Smith and end with Love/Regards/Best Wishes/Yours, Anna. 3. In an informal letter, begin with Dear John and end with Love/Regards/Best wishes/Yours, Mike. 4. Remember that it is not necessary to write addresses in the exam. Style in formal and informal letters Formal letters Greeting: Dear Sir/Madam / Mr bobbins, Informal letters · impersonal style Greeting: Dear Julie, · complex sentence structure - frequent · personal, short, zappy style use of Passive Voice - single word · use of slang or colloquial English use of
come into the neighbourhood." "It will be no use to us, if twenty such should come, since you will not visit them." "Depend upon it, my dear, that when there are twenty, I will visit them all." Mr. Bennet was so odd a mixture of quick parts, sarcastic humour, reserve, and caprice, that the experience of three-and-twenty years had been insufficient to make his wife understand his character. Her mind was less difficult to develop. She was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain temper. When she was discontented, she fancied herself nervous. The business of her life was to get her daughters married; its solace was visiting and news. Chapter 2 Mr. Bennet was among the earliest of those who waited on Mr. Bingley. He had always intended to visit him, though to the last always assuring his wife that he should not go; and
months -- but even if I had, I would not have imagined it like this. I stared without breathing across the long room, into the dark eyes of the hunter, and he looked pleasantly back at me. Surely it was a good way to die, in the place of someone else, someone I loved. Noble, even. That ought to count for something. I knew that if I'd never gone to Forks, I wouldn't be facing death now. But, terrified as I was, I couldn't bring myself to regret the decision. When life offers you a dream so far beyond any of your expectations, it's not reasonable to grieve when it comes to an end. The hunter smiled in a friendly way as he sauntered forward to kill me. 1. FIRST SIGHT My mother drove me to the airport with the windows rolled down. It was seventy-five degrees in Phoenix, the sky a perfect, cloudless blue. I was wearing my favorite shirt -- sleeveless, white eyelet lace; I was wearing it as a farewell gesture. My carry-on item was a parka.
by biscuits and a cup of coffee. Some people like a glass of light beer with lunch. Pubs also serve good, cheap food. School children can have a hot meal at school. Some of them just bring a snack from home. Tea is very popular among the English; it may almost be called their national drink. Tea is welcome in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening. The English like it strong and fresh made. The English put one tea-spoonful of tea for each person. Tea means two things. It is a drink and a meal. Some people have afternoon tea, so called «high tea» with sandwiches, tomatoes and salad, a tin of apricots, pears or pineapples and cakes, and, of course a cup of tea. That is what they call good tea. It is a substantial meal. Cream teas are also popular. Many visitors, who come to Britain, find English instant coffee disgusting. Dinner time is generally between six and eight p.m. The evening meal is the biggest and the main meal of the day
" (the evening) at "I go to bed at night." (night) in "It usually snows in the (a season) winter." Viljandi 2009 Viljandi County Gymnasium 4. Phrasal verbs Many verbs in English are followed by an adverb or a preposition (also called a particle), and these two-part verbs, also called phrasal verbs, are different from verbs with helpers. The particle that follows the verb changes the meaning of the phrasal verb in idiomatic ways: · drop off - decline gradually The hill dropped off near the river · drop off(2) - fall asleep While doing his homework, he dropped off. · drop off(3) - stop and give something to someone
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