British Parliament Structure and Functioning of the British Parliament today Britain is a parliamentary monarchy . The British Parliament is a bicameral parliament , that is to say that it is made up of two chambers, or two "Houses"; above the two Houses, but in an essentially formal role , there is the Sovereign - king or queen - also known as "the crown." Role of the Sovereign The British monarch has all authority, but no power. The Sovereign appoints the Prime Minister, and every year opens the sessions of parliament, in a historical and ritual ceremony called the State Opening of Parliament . Historically, this ceremony used to take place in the Autumn; but since 2012, it has been brought forward to May. This is the only regular time when the members of both Houses come together. During the ceremony, the Sovereign reads out the government's intended programme. The "Queen 's Speech" is a summary of the programme "his" or "her" ...
The British Parliament The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the British Parliament,Westminster Parliament or simply "Westminster". The British constitution has envolved over many centuries and unlike many other nations, the UK has no single constitutional documents. But Britain does, however, have certain important constitutional documents, including Magna Carta, Bill of Rights and Reform Act. It is formed partly by statue law, partly by common law and partly by conventions. Fundamental law doesn´t exist in the United Kingdom. There can be distinguish three separate organs: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. Parliament, the law-making body, consists of three elements: the Monarchy, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. They meet together only on occasions of ceremonial significance, such as the state opening of Parli...
Mikk Hödemann 12.d klass English Parliament What can I say about the English history at all? I think that this is the most interesting history I had to study. During this subject (British civilization), I discovered some exciting facts, occasions which took place in the British history. One of these "discoveries" was the English Parliament. I was amazed how fast it grew within the centuries, from eleventh to seventeenth centuries. The political history of British Isles over the past 800 years has been largely one of reducing the power of the monarchy and transferring authority to a London-based Parliament as the sovereign legislative body for all of Britain. This development has resulted in political, social and religious conflicts, as well as evolving governmental and constitutional institutions. The early political history of the British Isles is the story of four independent cou...
Comparison of Estonian and British State system Iam here to talk about Estonian and British state system, which have some similarities and differences. First of all the regime: Estonia is a democratic republic when the United Kingdom is constitutional monarchy. The head of state in Estonia is president who currently is Toomas-Hendrik Ilves and the head of state in United Kingdom is queen Elizabeth the second. Estonian president has a serving time of 5 years then in United Kingdom monarch rules the country till he or she dies, of course there are special occasions for that too. Second of all I want to talk about parliaments: Estonian parliament is unicameral and has 101 members and is elected for four years, when the British parliament is bicameral and has 1455 members currently and is elected for five years. Bicameral parliament means that there are two separate assemblies. There are quite a few minor difference...
BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ☄ When James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of Scotland, so the crowns of these two countries were united. ☄ The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots ☄ The Scottish Protestant church adopted English rather than Scots bibles ☄ Religion and politics are inextricably linked ☄ Some people tried to kill the king because he wasn't Catholic enough and another king had been killed, partly because he seemed too Catholic ☄ Anger grew in the country at the way that the Stuart monarchs raised money ☄ Puritanism- ideological Protestantism ☄ Some of them thought the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was immoral. They were also fiercely anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy t...
Britain History Pre-Norman Britain The Iberians brought their metal-working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the third millennium B.C and were overrun by various Celtic invasions that began in the 8th century. The Celts introduced their tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westward by the Roman invasion. Forms of Celtic language are still spoken in Britain. Romans (with Julius Caesar in the head of them) first tried to occupy Britain in 55 B.C., but there was a rebellion in Gaul so they had to leave to fight against it. Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied...
King William I When William died his lands were divided between his eldest two sons. Robert inherited Normandy, while William became king of England. Died from injuries EDWARD V He and his brother Richard were murdered in the Tower of London Alfred the Great - King of Wessex (part of England). All British modern British monarchs trace from the Wessex line. William I, the Conqueror. Founder of the modern British state. Henry II - added Ireland the British possessions John I - signed Magna Carta, the beginigs of the British constitution Edward I - conquered Wales Edward III - started 100 years war Henry V - Last great warrior king Henry VIII - Broke England away from Catholic church. Elizabeth I - laid the seeds of the British Empire, and tons of other stuff James I - Was King James VI of Scotland, inherited throne from Elizabeth I, united England and Scotland Charles I - Overthrown by Parliament and executed. Replaced by a re...
UK Parliament Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom is the highest legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories. It alone has parliamentary sovereignty over all other political bodies. At its head is the Queen Elizabeth II. The parliament has an upper house, the House of Lords, and a lower house, the House of Commons. The House of Lords plays an important role in checking and challenging the decisions and actions of the government through questions and debates. A House of Commons evolved at some point in England during the 14th century, becoming the House of Commons of Great Britain after the political union with Scotland in 1707. How laws are made Most new laws passed by Parliament result from proposals made by the government. Proposals aim to shape society or address particular problems. Normally, they are created over a period of time. ...
1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England- London; Northen Ireland- Belfast; Scotland- Edinburgh; Wales- Cardiff 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts. Romans Anglusaxons , Norman 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? Language. Wars. Engand and Scotland eventually became 1 contry 4. How many people approximately speak English? Approximately 600 million 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language?Germanic tribes- Anglo-Saxons. 6. Describe Wales.- Wales is a mountainous country on the western side of Great Britain. The national game of Wales is Rugby. Flag- Red dragon on a green and white field. They have their own language Cymraeg ( Welsh) . Anthem- Land Of My Fathers. Official animal- Dragon. There used to be a lot of coalmines. 7. What are the symbols of the 4 constit...
Boston Tea Party Henry Lemendik 8b About The Boston Tea Party was an act of direct action protest by the American colonists against the British Government in which they destroyed many crates of tea belonging to the British East India Company and dumped it into the Boston Harbor. The incident, which took place on December 16, 1773, was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution and remains an iconic event of American history. Background Europeans developed a taste for tea in the 17th century. When tea became popular in the British colonies in North America, Parliament sought to eliminate foreign competition by passing an act in 1721 that required colonists to import their tea only from Great Britain and the East India Company. Because Parliament heavily taxed this tea and charged the East India company tarrifs, ...
London London is almost 2,000 years old. Romans came to England in 43 AD. It was first called Londinium. In 1666 the Great Fire destroyed four fifths of the wooden buildings in the City including St Paul`s Cathedral. The fire began in the kitchen of the King`s baker Thomas Farriner in Pudding Lane and lasted for five days. London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. By now London has swallowed up many of the small towns and villages that once surrounded it. London is on the same latitude as Warsaw. London is a city were more than 7 million inhabitants live. In London there are famous Telephone booths and taxis. Also there are red double- decker buses. The quick and easy way is use the underground trains. The cheapest is to buy a Travelcard. London hosted the 1908 and 1948 Summer Olympic Games and will host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. ...
Britain forms the greater part of the British Isles, which lie off the north-west coast of mainland Europe.The geographical name for all the islands is the British Isles. They also include Eire, the Republic of Ireland, which has been politically independent of the British government since 1921. The largest of the islands is called Great Britain and it comprises England, Wales, snd Scotland. The full political name for the countries sharing a parliament in London is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Covering an area of some 242, 500 sq km. The longest river, the Severn flows for 354 km and the largest lake is Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland. Scotland is the most mountainous part of the country.Britain is a relatively densely populated country.The capital, London, has population of around 8 million. The majority of the population speak English. Britain is a parliamentary democracy, in which people over 18 have a r...
REVISION QUESTIONS 1. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? Winston Churchill? Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister in Europe. She was a member of the conservative party. She died recently. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during WW II. He was excellent in making speeches, but he was a heavy drinker and also smoker. 2. What are the main countries of the UK and their capitals? There are 4: England with London as the capital; Wales with Cardiff as the capital; Scotland with Edinburgh as the capital; and Northern Ireland with Belfast as the capital. 3. What is Remembrance Day all about and why is it celebrated at that time? It is about the men (and women) who lost their lives fighting in the World Wars. It's celebrated then, because that's the day WWI was ended with a treaty. 4. Which powers does the Queen of the UK have? The Queen has to sign all the bills for them to pass. She is the o...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
Describe the British Parliament Works in a large building called the Palace of Westminster aka The Houses of Parliament. There are offices, committee rooms, restaurants, bars, libraries and even some places of residence. Two large rooms: The House of Lords meet in one and the House of Commons in the other. The British Parliament is divided into two houses, but the House of Commons is obviously more important and only they are considered to be the MPs. In the House of Commons there are just two rows of benches facing each other. On the left sit the members of the governing party and on the right sit the opposition. The Speaker sits between them and controls the action. The arrangement of the benches encourages confrontation between the government and the opposition. There is no place for somebody who isn't neither in the opposition nor in the government side. Usually peeps like this sit in the opposition furthest from the Speaker. || The...
1. What were the two institutions that Henry VII establised? Explain. Henry VII established the Court of Star Chamber to make the barons give up their private armies and overall restored finances by collecting taxes. Also Henry VII extended royal control over local government through the local magistrates called justice of peace. 2. What was the idea of the Act of supremacy? With passing the Act of Supremacy, Henry VIII was made the head of the Church of England and he was now free to divorce Catherine and marry Anne Boleyn. 3. Why did Henry VIII get the title Fidei Defensor? The title was given to him by the pope because Henry VIII was against Protestantism and other religious reforms by J. Calvin and M. Luther. For that, the pope named Henry VIII the Fidei Defensor, meaning Defender of the Faith 4. Why did Mary I get the nickname Bloody Mary? Because during her reign, England became official...
1) · Monarch: a ruler of a state, such as a king or queen, who has a right to rule by birth, and does not have to be elected. · Monarchy: the system by which a state is ruled by a king or queen. Also a state ruled by a king or queen. Monarchy is the oldest form of government in the United Kingdom. · There are many monarchy contries like Canada , denmark , norway, Sweden, United kingdom, Thailand, and so one 2) · The British monarchy is known as a constitutional monarchy. This means that, while The Sovereign is Head of State, the ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament. · The monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State (the official ruler of the country). she has reigned since 6 February 1952. 3) · The British Sovereign can be seen as having two roles: Head of State, and 'Head of the Nation'. · As Head of State, The Queen undertakes constitutional and representational duties · There are in...
London March 28th Parliament of the United Kingdom The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories. Its head is the Sovereign of the United Kingdom (currently Queen Elizabeth II) and its seat is the Palace of Westminster in the City of Westminster, one of the Boroughs of the British capital - London. Tower of London The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle located on the north bank of the River Thames in central London. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of the City of L...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
THE U.K Different Parts The United Kingdom is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is the political name for those countries which share a parliament in London. All of them were at one time independent kingdoms with their own monarch. Now they are all part of the same kingdom and share the same monarch. The UK consists of Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. The peoples of these countries are British subjects; they hold British passports and therefore their nationality is British. The british Isles is the geographical name for all the islands off the west coast of Europe. These islands also include The Republic of Ireland, which is politically independent of the Britsh government. Many people refer to the inhabitants of the British isles as 'the English', but England is only one of the countries. The other countries are Scotla...
Canada's History North America was first settled by people who came from the northern and eastern parts of Asia about 15,000 years ago. They crossed the Bering Strait from Siberia to Alaska. Some of those people followed the Yukon River and found their way south. Others followed the MacKenzie River which opened the way to the plains of the interior, and then travelled on to the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. The third group of people inhabited the Arctic regions. The first two groups were called Indians, the group that settled in the north were called Eskimos. These people are the only true native Canadians, the rest are new Canadians who have been transplanted from other parts of the world, especially from Europe. The first European visitors to North America were Norsemen who settled briefly in the 11th century. John Cabot, a Venetian seeking riches for England, made the next known voyage in 1...
BRITISH POLITICS Helen Laine 12 A POLITICAL SYSTEM Democracy Constitutional monarchy Head of the state – Elizabeth II Actual power – Prime Minister Executive power - Her Majesty’s Government Legislative power – Parliament House of Commons and House of Lords Multi-party system MAIN PARTIES Two largest - the Conservative Party and the Labour Party Before labourers - The Liberal party Third largest – the Liberal Democrats Current: Conservative, Liberal Democrats ... Some other parties in UK: Democratic Unionist Party Scottish National Party Palace of Westminster UK Independence Party Green Party of England and Wales Scottish Green Party Social Democratic and Labour Party Alliance Party of Northern Ireland MAIN POLITICIANS Prime Minister: David Cameron (Conservative) Nick Clegg (head of L...
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the e...
Established church The Church of England is the established church, which means that: 1.)the Monarch is the Supreme Governor of the church, 2.)the Church performs a number of official functions, 3.)Church and State are linked. To disestablish Disestablishmentarianism refers to campaigns to sever links between church and state, particularly in relation to the Church of England as an established church. It was initially a movement in the United Kingdom in the 18th century. The established churches in Wales and Ireland could not count on even nominal adherence by a majority of the population of those countries. In Ireland, the predominantly Roman Catholic population campaigned against the position of the established Anglican Church of Ireland - eventually disestablished in Ireland from 1 January 1871. A broad church The Church of England is a broad church, representing a wide spectrum of theological thought and practice ...
It celebrated on February 14th. It is traditionally day on which lovers express their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards. Modern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Saint Patrick's Day is a religous holiday on the 17th of March St. Patrick's Day is celebrated by the Irish and Irish at Heart in big cities and small towns alike with parades, "wearing of the green," music and songs, Irish food and drink, and activities for kids such as crafts, coloring and games. Its a time for fun. April Fools' Day is celebrated in the Westrn world on 1st april of every year The day is marked by the commission of good humoured or funny jokes hoaxes and other practical jokes. Trooping the Colour is a ceremony performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and the British Army. It has been a tr...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
1. The Queen’s official title. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 2. The Queen’s working day. Starts after breakfast. Reads the newspapers which are prepared by the Press Secretary, and a report on the previous day’s proceedings in the Parliament and the letters she receives. Also phone calls. Once a month she attends the Privy Council in order to give Royal Assent to various items of government legislation. Discusses domestic matters with the Master of the Household. Towards the end of the day, there is always another pile of official papers and reports waiting to be read or acted upon. The business on constitutional monarchy never ends. 3. Who is the present heir to the throne? Speak about his education. Wh...
N. A. Vavilov ASPECTS OF BRITISH HISTORY Н. А. Вавилов КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ Учебное пособие на английском языке Москва Институт международного права и экономики имени А. С. Грибоедова 2008 2 УТВЕРЖДЕНО кафедрой лингвистики и переводоведения Вавилов Н.А. Краткая история Великобритании: Учебное пособие на английском языке. – 2-е изд., пересмотр. и испр. – М.: ИМПЭ им. А.С. Грибоедова, 2008. – 88 с. Пособие содержит краткий очерк важнейших событий в истории Великобритании – от первых документально засвидетельствованных вторжений на остров (кельтов, римлян и англосаксов) до создания и распада Британск...
HISTORY TEST 5 invasions to Britain until 1066 1) The Celts o Gaels in 600BC; Cymry(Britons) in 300BC o From present-day Austria, Switzerland o The Celtic language survives in the names of many places in England- Dover, Kent, Thames o The Celts are best known for their art- many bronze objects with elaborate designs; brooches; pins; mirrors; Celtic stone crosses o The Celts had 3 social orders: warriors, druids(priests) ordinary people 2) The Romans o (55 BC-Caesar) 43 AD- 410 AD- Claudius o From present-day Italy o Southern Britain became Britannia and was ruled by a roman governor o The Romans built over 20 towns: Colchester, Londinium, Winchester etc. They were good engineers and built roads and villas that had central heating, glass windows and mosaic floors ...
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was r...
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as Can...
LONDON HISTORY PERIOD EVENTS PEOPLE The Celtic period (400 BC Name: Celtic words (Llyn (a lake) + AD 43) Dun (a fort or strong place) ) Not important The Roman occupation (AD 43 Londinium not important Boadicea a revolt against - AD 410) politically. An important trading the Roman conquest centre. Devastation AD 61. Rebuilt. Roman walls built in AD 200. Anglo Saxons (AD 400 Destroyed the Roman towns. Many 1066) kingdoms. London in ruins. King Egbert one Flourishing. Attacks by Vikings. kingdom England (the 9th ...
History of Great Britain Prehistory (55BC) no written records 6th 3rd c. BC the Celts came to British isles hill figures, hill forts, stone circles ( Stonehenge ) RomanBritain (55BC 400AD) Julius Caesar, named the country Albion Hadrian's Wall, villas, roads, the town of Bath The AngloSaxon, Danish and Norman invasions Germanic tribes settled and stayed Anglia Christianity was brought, religion became important, churches were built 8th century = raids by the Vikings and the Danes 1016 1042 : Under Danish rule ( York was the capital ) 1042 : local AngloSaxons regain their rule 1066 : Normans arrive ( the Norman conquest ) Medieval Britain (106615th c.) the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror a new AngloNorman state the feudal system introduced the rule of the king and church strengthened centralised country, military rule Scotland, Wales and Ire...
LONDON KRISTINA KASEMÄGI CONTENTS • GENERAL • HISTORY • CLIMATE • THINGS TO SEE • THINGS TO DO GENERAL o London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom. o It’s situated in the South East of England with population of 14 million people. HISTORY oLondon is one of the oldest cities in the world, and it was founded by the Romans in 40 A.D. and called Londinium. CLIMATE • London has a temperate marine climate like much of the British Isles, so the city rarely sees extremely high or low temperatures. THINGS TO SEE o THE TOWER OF LONDON o THE LONDON EYE o TOWER BRIDGE o BIG BEN o THE HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT 1 o ST JAMES’S PARK THE TOWER OF LONDON THE LONDON EYE TOWER BRIDGE BIG BEN, THE HOUSE PARLIAMENT 1 AND FAMOUS RED DOUBLE DECKER BUS ST JAMES’S PARK THINGS TO DO IN LONDON You can: o Cross the Thames in a cable car o See a world-class classi...
16th century (Tudors) 1. Henry VII - avoided wars, careful with money, didnt have expensive parties, was a rather shadowy figure 2. Henry VIII- brilliant scholar, excellent knight, good-looking, ambitious, self- centered, loved expensive clothes and parties. Wasted his fathers money very quickly and had 6 wives. His first wife couldnt give birth to a baby boy and they only had a daughter. His next wife only gave birth to a girl too. His next wife gave birth to a boy but died after the labor. He didnt like his 4th wife so he sent her back. His fifth wife was young and beautiful but had many lovers and Henry didnt like it so she was sent to the Tower and was beheaded. HIs 6th wife survived. 3. Edward- was sickly and ruled only for a few years and then he died 4. Mary Tudor/Bloody Mary- was catholic and killed many protesntants. Ruled only f...
London London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. The Thames is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. The Thames has a length of 346 kilometres (215 miles). The first bridge was the tower bridge, built in the 12th century. The second bridge was built in the year 1750. .The river Thames divides London into the northern and the southern part. The port of London is one of the greatest trade centres in the world. The river Thames is certainly the most famous water body in London. London is also the seat of the government of Great Britain. It is one of the largest cities in the world with its population of about seven million. Before the great fire in 1666 there were many wooden houses and narrow crooked streets in the town but after the fire it became a well-planned city with wide streets, beautiful squares and parks. It star...
Names with and without the. A/ We do not use 'the' with names of most streets/roads/squares/parks etc.: Union Street (not 'the...') / Fifth Avenue/ Piccadilly Circus/ Hyde Park Blackrock Road/ Broadway/ Times Square/ Waterloo Bridge Many names (especially names of important buildings and institutions) are two words: Kennedy Airport/ Cambridge University The first word is usually the name of a person ('Kennedy') or a place ('Cambridge'). We do not usually use 'the' with names like these. Some more examples: Victoria Station (not 'the...') / Edinburgh Castle/ London Zoo/ Westminster Abbey/ Buckingham Palace/ Canterbury Cathedral But we say 'the White House', 'the Royal Palace', because 'white' and 'royal' are not names like 'Kennedy' and 'Cambridge'. This is only a general rule and there are exceptions. B/ Most other names (of places, buildings etc.) have names with the: These places usually have names w...
Abbreviations m metre(s), mile(s),million(s), male, married f - female MP Member of Parliament, milatary policeman the USA the United States of America UFO Unidentified Flying object BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BC Before Christ, British Council AD Anno Domini, in the year of Our Lawd, of the Christian era kph kilometres per hour am aute meridiem, before noon pm post meridiem, after noon no(s) - number(s) pp pages PM Prime Minister PS Postscript, post scriptum / at the end of the letter yr - year Xmas Christmas vs versus Sq Square Str Strait St Saint the UK the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland IBM International Business Machines VIP very important person EEC European Community (the common market) VAT Value added tax MSc Master of Science BA Bachelor of Arts GB Great Britain W - west E east etc et cetera, and so on, and...
The Commonwealth of Australia. The Commonwealth of Australia is a federal state within the Commonwealth of Nations. Its territories are the continent of Australia, the island of Tasmania and a number of smaller islands. It has an area of about eight million square kilometres. The continent of Australia is mostly a great plain with mountains in the east and south-east. The western part of the continent forms a plateau which occupies half of the continent. Australia's greatest rivers are the Murray and the Darling. Australia has several different climatic regions, from warm to subtropical and tropical. There are five big cities in Australia: Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth and Brisbane. Each city is the capital of the state in which it is situated. Most of the factories are concentrated in or around the big cities. They produce goods for the motor-car, machine-building, clothing and food industries. Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Bris...
London important sights guide Roman period 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork mechanism in a room below weighs 5 tons. · Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. Originally known as, the building which forms the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of ...
Canada Mary-Liis Kull KiNG 10.klass Basic information Area is about 10 million sq km Popluation is estimately 35 million people The country is bilingual (English and French) The National Holiday is Independence Day on July 1'st The capital is Ottawa and the largest city is Toronto Basic information Consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories Extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean Shares land borders with the U.S Is a federal state, governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy Canada comes from the word kanata, meaning village or settlement History The first inhabitants were the Inuits (Eskimo) First white man in the country John Cabot The French and British colonies settled the Atlantic coast in the late 15th century Later on, thousands of British colonists emigrated to Canada from the American colonies and the...
LANDMARCS HYDE PARK: Hyde Park is one of the largest parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner. The park is divided in two by the Serpentine. The park is contiguous with Kensington Gardens; although often still assumed to be part of Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens has been technically separate since 1728, when Queen Caroline made a division between the two. THE TOWER OF LONDON: Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower), is a historic fortress and scheduled monument in central London, England, on the north bank of the River Thames. It is located within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets and is separated from the eastern edge of the City of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It is the oldest building used by the British government. [1] TOWER BRIDGE: Tower Br...
The Republic of South Africa History The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a 2,798 kilometres coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Modern humans have inhabited Southern Africa for more than 100,000 years. In 1652 the Dutch East India Company founded a refreshment station at what would become Cape Town. The discovery of diamonds and later gold triggered the conflict known as the Anglo-Boer War, as the Boers and the British fought for the control of the South African mineral wealth. Although the Boers were defeated, the British gave limited independence to South Africa in 1910 as a British dominion. South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in the world. Flag I flag After the Anglo-Boer War the English people desided to make British Union Flag a national flag of South Africa II flag The second flag was designed in 31 May 1928, becau...
Territory and landscape Canada is one of the largest countries in the world. It covers nearly 4 million square miles. It is dividend into ten provinces( British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Alberta, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland ) along with two territories( the Yukon, the Northwest territories ). The capital city is Ottawa. Canada is a country rich in forests. It borders in the south with The United States and it's surrounded in the west by the Pacific Ocean, in the east by the Atlantic Ocean and above by many smaller bays, but is also borderedd with Alaska in the north-west. To the north of Canada is the broad Canadian Shield, an area of rock scoured clean by the last ice age, thinly soiled, rich in minerals, and dotted with lakes and rivers. Canada by far has more lakes than any other country and has ...
Report of SCOTLAND Maiki Joakit 10. klass 2008 Etymology Scotland is from the Latin Scoti, the term applied to Gaels. The Late Latin word Scotia (land of the Gaels) was initially used to refer to Ireland. By the 11th century at the latest, Scotia was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the river Forth, alongside Albania or Albany, both derived from the Gaelic Alba. The use of the words Scots and Scotland to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the Late Middle Ages. History Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land-mass of modern Scotland, have destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period. It is believed that the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the ice sheet retreated after the last glaciation. Groups of settlers began building the first known permanen...
Country Study Mari-Liis Luukas 11c The British Isles Administrative / d'mnstrtv / haldus- Self-governing / self'gvn / isemajandav, iseseisev Legislative assembly/ 'ledsltv 'sembl/ seadusandlik kogu The British Isles is the name of a group of islands washed by the North Sea in the east and the ...
SOCIETY AND CULTURE OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES Introduction 1. Nowadays, English is so widely spoken that it can hardly be considered "a one nation's" language. The main countries where English is spoken are: the U.K, the U.S, Canada, Australia, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, West Indies 2. There are approx. 300-400 million speakers of English in the world. English occupies the 3rd place by its number of speakers; it is right behind Mandarin and Spanish. 3. ESL (English as a Second Language) used in your own country (e.g. India) EFL (English as a Foreign Language) used in a foreign country ESP (English for Specific Purposes) used in business, airlines, hotels etc. 4. Settlement colonies people migrated into them from Britain and started their own communities, they are the present English-speaking countries (USA, Australia, Canada, New...
The United Kingdom Mari-Liis Ojatamm Kärdla Ühisgümnaasium 10b The United Kingdom Scotland Wales England Northern Ireland Scotland Capital: Edinburgh Area 78,387 km2 Languages: English and Scottish Gaelic Population: 5,313,60 National symbols Thistle Tartam Flag Wales Capital: Cardiff Languages: English and Welsh Area: 20,779 km2 Population: 3,063,456 Flag Northern Ireland Capital: Belfast Languages: Irish and English Area: 13,843 km2 Population: 1,810,863 England Capital: London Language: English Area: 130,395 km2 Population: 53,012,456 Flag Stonehenge ...
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD. The Romans eventually brought Christianity to Britain. Hadrian's wall on the border of Scotland and England. It began constru...
Westminster Abbey Facts The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster Owned directly by the royal family Dedicated to St Peter Located next to the Houses of Parliament UNESCO World Heritage Site History 616, a shrine was founded 10451050, Edward the Confessor Consecrated on December 28, 1065 Romaneque style, to house Benetictine munks Rebuilt 12451517 in Gothic style by Henry III History 2 Henry VII Lady Chapel in 1503 Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1534 Attacked by Puritans in 1640s Oliver Cromwell's funeral in 1658 Western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 Coronations The coronations of King Harold and William the Conqueror in 1066 All English and British monarchs have been crowned there Except Edward V, Edward VIII and Lady Jane Gray King Edward's Chair since 1308 More about Abbey Poets' Corner Tomb of The Unknown Warrior Statue of Martin Luther King Chapter Hou...
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