docstxt/1319817388148965.txt
IRREGULAR VERBS BE WAS / WERE BEEN OLEMA BEAT BEAT BEATEJN PEKSMA, LÖÖMA BECOME BECAME BECOME SAAMA (kellekski) BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN ALGAMA, ALUSTAMA BITE BIT BITTEN HAMMUSTAMA BLOW BLEW BLOWN PUHUMA BREAK BROKE BROKEN MURDMA, KATKI TEGEMA BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT TOOMA BURN BURNT BURNT PÕLEMA, PÕLETAMA BUILD BUILT BUILT EHITAMA BURST BURST BURST PUHKEMA BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT OSTMA CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT KINNI PÜÜDMA CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN VALIMA COME CAME COME TULEMA COST COST COST MAKSMA, VÄÄRT ...
alustama begin began begun näitama show showed shown andestama forgive forgave forgiven olema be was been andma give gave given omama have had had asetama lay laid laid ostma buy bought bought ehitama build built built otsima seek sought sought elama dwell dwelt dwelt painutama bend bent bent ennustama forecast forecast forecast paiskama cast cast cast haisema stink stank stunk paisutama swell swelled swollen haistma smell smelt smelt panema put put put hammustama bite bit bitten panema set set set heitma fling flung flung panustama bet bet bet heitma sling slung slung peitma hide hid hidden helistama ring ra...
1. Be was/were been olema 2. Bear bore born(e) kandma, taluma 3. Beat beat beaten- lööma 4. Become became become- saama kellekski , millekski 5. Begin began begun- alustama 6. Bite bit bitten- hammustama 7. Blow blew blown- puhuma 8. Break broke broken-murduma, murdma, lõhkuma 9. Bring brought brought-tooma 10. Build built built-ehitama 11. Burn burnt burnt-põletama 12. Burst burst burst-purskama, puhkema 13. Buy bought bought-ostma 14. Can could could-võima, suutma 15. Catch caught caught- kinni püüdma 16. Choose chose chosen-valima 17. Come came come-tulema 18. Cost cost cost- maksma, väärt olema 19. Cut cut cut-lõikama 20. Deal dealt dealt-kauplema, käsitlema, t...
IRREGULAR VERBS INFINITIVE SIMPLE SIMPLE PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE (for he, she, or it, (Use with is or was to refer (Use with have or had) add "s" in present to a continuing action) tense) TO ARISE arise arose arising arisen TO AWAKE awake awoke awaking awoken TO BEAR bear bore bearing borne, born TO BEAT beat beat beating beaten TO BECOME become became becoming become TO BEGIN begin began ...
I II III ärkama, äratama kandma, sünnitama, taluma siduma, köitma lõhkema, puhkema välja jagama tõmbama, joonistama und nägema, unistama põgenema paiskama, viskama, pilduma lendama keelama unustama jahvatama rippuma, riputama panema, asetama hüppama õppima, teadma saama laenutama, laenuks andma lamama niitma tõusma saagima õmblema valama, heitm(lehti, valgust) paistma laskma(püssist) näitama sulgema, sulguma libisema külvama kiirustama veerima ketrama sülitama lõhestama rikkuma, riknema pistma, torkima nõelama lööma, taguma püüdma, taotlema paistetama, paisuma kiikuma, pöörduma õpetama ütlema, jutustama mõtlema viskama torkama, tõukama astuma, sõtkuma ärkama, äratama kuduma keerama, keerlema pigistama, väänama KONTROLL - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ...
IRREGULAR VERBS 1. Be was/were been-olema 2. Bear bore borne-välja kannatama 3. Beat beat beaten-peksma 4. Become became become-saama 5. Begin began begun-algama 6. Bite bit bitten-hammustama 7. Break broke broken-murdma 8. Bring brought brought-tooma 9. Build built built-ehitama 10. Burst burst burst-puhkema 11. Buy bought bought-ostma 12. Catch-caught caught-kinni püüdma 13. Can could - -saama 14. Come came come-tulema 15. Cost cost cost-maksma 16. Creep crept crept-hiilima 17. Cut cut cut-lõikama 18. Deal dealt dealt-tegelema 19. Dig dug dug-kaevama 20. Do did done-tegema 21. Draw drew drawn-joonistama 22. Dream dreamt dreamt-unistama 23. Drink drank drunk-jooma 24. Drive drove driven-autot juhtima 25. Eat ate eaten-sööma 26. Fall fell fallen-kukkuma 27. Feed fed fed-söötma 28. Feel felt felt-tundma 29. Fight fought fought-võitlema 30. Find found found-leidma
Irregular Verbs Infinitive Past Past Participle Infinitive Past Past Participle Be was/were been let let let Bear bore born(e) lie lay lain Beat beat beaten light lit lit Become became become lose lost lost Begin began begun make made made Bite bit bitten mean meant meant Blow blew blown meet met met Break broke broken pay paid paid Brong brought brought put put put Build built ...
Irregular English Verbs (Tense Table) Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle abide abode, abided abode, abided arise arose arisen awake awoke awoken be was been bear bore borne, born beat beat beaten become became become befall befell befallen beget begot begotten begin began begun behold beheld beheld bend bent bent, bended bereave bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereft beseech besought besought beset beset beset bet bet,...
Tõlge Basic Past Simple Past Participle midagi saama get got got tekkima arise arose arisen andma give gave given olema be was/were been minema go went gone sündima bear bore borne kasva(ta)ma grow grew grown peksma beat beat beaten rippuma hang hung hung kellekski saama become became become omama have had had algama begin began begun kuulma hear heard heard kalduma bend bent bent peitma hide hid hidden hammustama bite bit bitten lööma hit hit ...
be was / were been become became become begin beganbegun bring brought brought buy bought bought choose chose chosen come came come do did done drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt find found found fly flew flown forget forgot forgotten get got got (gotten in USA) give gave given go went gone have had had hear heard heard keep kept kept know knew known leave left left lend lent lent let let let lose lost lost make made made meet met met pay paid paid put put put read read (pronounced /red/) read (pronounced /red/) run ran run say said said see saw seen sell sold sold send sent sent sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken stand stood stood swim swam swum take ...
Irregular verbs Present Past Past participle beat beat beaten be was, were been become became become begin began begun bite bit bitten blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built burn burnt burnt burst burst burst buy bought bought can could been able catch caught caught choose chose chosen come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ...
Irregular Verbs simple past be was/were become became begin began blow blew break broke build built buy bought catch caught come came cost cost cut cut do did drink drank drive drove eat ate feel felt find found fly flew forget forgot freeze froze get got give gave go went have had hear heard hit hit hold held hurt hurt keep kept know knew lay laid lead led leave left lend lent let let lie lied lose lost make made meet met pay paid put put read read ride rode ring rang run ran say said see saw sell sold send sent show showed sit sat sleep slept speak spoke spend spent s...
The list of irregular verbs Basic Form Simple Past Past Participle Form (II) Form (III) 1. abide abode (abided) abided (mlgi juurde) jääma, (mlstki) kinni pidama, (mdgi) järgima (by) 2. arise arose arisen tõusma, esile tulema või kerkima 3. awake awoke awoken (üles) ärkama, virguma; (üles) äratama, virgutama 4. be was/were been olema 5. bear bore borne kandma; kannatama, taluma, vastu pidama; esile tooma, ilmale tooma, sünnitama 6. beat beat ...
2.31 teach taught taught 2.32 tell told told 1 en 15 2.33 think thought thought 1.1 write wrote written 2.34 understand understoodunderstood 1.2 take took taken 2.35 wake woke, waked woken, waked 1.3 speak spoke spoken 2.36 win won won 1.4 ride rode ridden 1.5 hide hid hidden, hid 1.6 give gave given 1.7 forget forgot forgotten 3 111 (3 similar) 10 1.8 fall fell fallen 3.1 cost cost cost 1.9 eat ate eaten 3.2 cut cut cut 1.10 drive drove driven 3.3 hit hit hit 1.11 do did ...
Bear bore born(e) - kandma; taluma, sünnitama Tear tore torn rebima, katki rebestama Bite bit bitten - hammustama tell told told - ütlema, jutustama, käskima Blow blew blown - puhuma; lõhkama Think thought thought- mõtlema, arvama Bring brought brought - tooma, esile tooma, ajendama Throw threw thrown - viskama Burst burst burst - lõhkema,puhkema, pakatama Wear wore worn kandma (rõivaid, ehteid, soengut jms) Choose chose chosen - valima Come came come - tulema Deal dealt dealt - tegelema, äri ajama Do did done - tegema Dream dream dreamt(dreamed) dreamt(dreamed) unistama; (unes) nägema Feed fed fed - toitma, söötma, karjatama Fight fought fought - võitlema, kaklema, sõdima Flee fled fled - põgenema, haihtuma, kaduma Fly flew flown ...
Irregular Verbs Ebareeglipärased Sõnad Olema = Be Lööma, peksma = Beat I vorm Be I vorm Beat II vorm Was/were II vorm Beat III vorm - Been III vorm - Beaten (Kellekski) Saama = Become Algama = Begin I vorm Become I vorm Begin II vorm Became II vorm Began III vorm - Become III vorm - Begun Kihla vedama = Bet Hammustama = Bite I vorm Bet I vorm Bite II vorm Bet II vorm Bit III vorm - Bet III vorm - Bitten Puhuma = Blow Lõhkuma, katki minema = Break I vorm Blow I vorm Break II vorm Blew II vorm Broke III vorm - Blown III vorm - Broken Tooma = Bring Ehitama = Build I vorm Bring I vorm Build II v...
Simple Present Present Progressive/Continious (99%) infinitive form of 'be' and verb + ing (3rd person singular: infinitive + 's') I speak I am speaking you speak you are speaking he / she / it speaks he / she / it is speaking we speak we are speaking they speak they are speaking Signal words: always, every, often, normally, usually, Signal words: at the moment, at this moment, today, sometimes, seldom, never, first, then now, right now, Listen!, Look! Rules · in general (regularly, often, never) · right now e...
Simple Past (Past Simple) The simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action. Form of Simple Past Positive Negative Question I did not no differences I spoke. Did I speak? speak. For irregular verbs, use the past form (see list of irregular verbs, 2nd column). For regular verbs, just add "ed". Exceptions in Spelling when Adding `ed' Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example after a final e only add d love loved final consonant after a short, stressed vowel admit admitted or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled travel travelled final y after a consonant becomes i hurry hurried Use of Simple Past · action i...
Present Perfect Simple The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result. Form of Present Perfect Positive Negative Question I / you / we / the I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken? y he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken? For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just add "ed". Exceptions in Spelling when Adding `ed' Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example after a final e only add d love loved final consonant after a short, stressed vowel admit admitted or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled travel travelled final y after a consonant becomes i hurry hurried Use of Present Perfect ·...
englisch-hilfen.de LEARNING ENGLISH ONLINE Examples Examples Examples Tense Signal words Use Form affirmative negative interrogative every day something happens repeatedly sometimes how often something happens always I work. I don't work. Do I work? one action follows another often Infinitive He works. He doesn't work. Does he work? Sim...
1. Basic Phrases ¡Buenos días! ¡Buenas tardes! ¡Buenas noches! bway-nohs dee-ahs bway-nahs tard-ays bway-nahs noh-chays Hello! / Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! / Good night! ¡Hola! / ¡Chao! Adiós. Por favor. oh-lah / chow ah-dee-ohs por fah-bor Hi! / Bye! Good bye. Please. Hasta la vista / Hasta luego. Hasta pronto. Hasta mañana. ah-stah lah vees-tah / ah-stah ah-stah prohn-toh ah-stah mahn-yahn-ah loo-ay-go See you soon. See you tomorrow. See you / See you later. (Muchas) Gracias. De nada. Bienvenidos (moo-chah...
ACTIVE TENSES Active form You use an active verb when you want to say that the subject of a sentence does something. · [Thing doing action] + [verb] + · +[thing receiving action] · Examples The professor (subject doing action) teaches (verb) · the students (object receiving action). · Mary (subject doing action) · washes (verb) · the dishes ( object receiving action). The tenses of the verb 1.Present (olevik) 2.Past (minevik) 3.Future (tulevik) 4.Future in the past (kaudne tulevik) Iga aeg võib esineda neljas eri rühmas 1.IndefiniteTenses (üldajad) 2.Continious Tenses (kestvad ajad) 3.Perfect Tenses (perfekti ajad) 4.Perfect Continious Tenses (perfekti kestvad ajad) Indefinite Tenses (üldajad) used to describe actions but do not state whether the action is completed or on- going märgivad tegevuse sooritamise fakti Peter visits us every day. Peter visited ...
Conditionals: II and III II CONDITIONAL • to imagine a different reality • An unreal situation • If I were a parent, I would give candy to my kids every day. • If he won the lottery, he would quit his job. • If I had wings, I would fly to Africa. How to use it? • IF + PAST SIMPLE, + WOULD + VERB • If I were a parent, I would give candy to my kids every day. • If he won the lottery, he would quit his job. • If I had wings, I would fly to Africa. • NB! The verb „be“ is always „were“ with this conditional. • If I were you,... • If he were here,... Wou can also turn it around: The result first and then the condition. • WOULD + VERB+ IF +PAST SIMPLE • Note: There is no comma when the „IF“ is between the two clauses. • I would give candy to my kids every day if I were a parent. • He would quit his job if I won the lottery. • I would fly to Africa if I had wings. III CONDITIONAL • a past regret • different outcome...
Present Simple and Continuous Table of Contents Present Simple ..................................................................... 2 The spelling of endings in the Present Simple ....................... 2 When to use the Present Simple ........................................... 3 The verb 'be' ......................................................................... 4 Present Continuous.............................................................. 5 The spelling of endings in the Present Continuous................ 5 When to use the Present Continuous.................................... 6 State verbs and event (action or dynamic) verbs ................... 7 Present Simple In the Present Simple we use the verb without an ending. I work you live we think they dance NB! In the third person singular (he, she, it, Mary, my friend, etc....
Irregular Verbs Base Form Simple Past Past Participle Tense awake awoke awoken be was, were been bear bore born beat beat beat become became become begin began begun bend bent bent beset beset beset bet bet bet bid bid/bade bid/bidden bind bound bound bite bit bitten bleed bled bled blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast broadcast build built built burn burned/burnt burned/burnt burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught choose cho...
1. Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed. Linguistics: the scientific study of human natural language Synchronic approach to language: Diachronic approach to language: Linguistic competence: Linguistic performance: What is grammar?: "The sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning, such as words, and the rules to combine them...
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF OLD ENGLISH - 15 monophtongs, (7 long, 7 short, 1 central), 4 diphtongs, 17 consonants. Free variaton of R, and it was pronounced everywhere. Very much Germanic in character. Quite some special consonants that no longer exist. About morphology: synthetic with numerous aglutinating tendencies. System of tenses Germanic, but with a reduction of tenses. Paradigmatic leveling; Stress shift; Word order; Loan words (Old Norse, Old French). Dual pronouns. Determiners - no separate definite article. Strong and weak verbs. Word order relatively free with tendencies towards SVO. SVO, SOV, VSO most common. Adposition and podposition were both possible (eesliide ja tagaliide). About syntax: clauses were joined much simpler than nowadays, using and, then etc. Because of case syncretion the word order in a sentence became much more important to be able to tell the difference between words. FIRST CONSONANT SHIFT (GRIMM'S L...
INGLISE KEELE TÖÖPLAAN 6. KLASSILE Aeg: I, II veerand 2003/2004 õ.-a Õpetaja: Age Tamm Õppe- Teemad. Alateemad. Mõisted, faktid nädal 1. nädal Unit 1. What did you do last summer? Past Simple questions, statements 2. nädal Summer activities Did you...? Yes, I did / No, I didn't Alan's summer play ball / the violin My summer go swimming / ...ing Polite English. Saying hello and introducing 3. nädal Unit 2. A trip to England Past Simple 4. nädal Outdoor activities by bus / car / train / plane, on foot English Country School Ordinals (the first, the second, ...) The Tower of London Posessive pronouns ...
7. Verb: The principal forms of the verbs: Verbil on 4 põhivormi: Regular verb Irregular verb 1. the base form Talk Speak üldoleviku tüvivorm 2. the past form/ -ed form Talked Spoke üldmineviku vorm 3. the past participle (-ed Talked Spoken participle) mineviku kesksõna 4. the present participle (- Talking Speaking ing participle) oleviku kesksõna The tenses: Expressing the future: Simple Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Present Base Have / has + to be + base+ ing has/ have been +s + pariticiple base+ -ing He drinks tea at ...
1 Grammatical Terminology PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR FLGR.01.042 Grammatical Terminology analytic analüütiline (= uninflected - grammar is focused in the sentence , e.g. English) synthetic sünteetiline (= inflected - grammar is focused in the word, e.g. Estonian, Latin, Russian, Old English) ending lõpp (käände- ja pöördelõpud) marker tunnus (mitmuse, oleviku, lihtmineviku, tingiva kõneviisi, käskiva kõneviisi, kaudse kõneviisi, umbisikulise tegumoe, ma- tegevusnime, oleviku kesksõna, mineviku kesksõna) derivational affix liide, tuletusliide, tuletusafiks (e.g. postwar, anti-American, wiser, greenish) parts of speech sõnaliigid English Estonian ...
Present Perfect Simple Present [has/have + past participle] [VERB] + s/es in third person: You have seen that movie many times. · You speak English. · Have you seen that movie many times? · Do you speak English? · You have not seen that movie many times · You do not speak English. Examples: Examples: · I have seen that movie twenty times. · I play tennis. · I think I have met him once before. · She does not play tennis. · There have been many earthquakes in · Does he play tennis? California. · The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. · People have traveled to the Moon. ...
Past Simple and Continuous Table of Contents Past Simple .......................................................................... 2 The spelling of endings in the Past Simple ............................ 3 When to use the Past Simple ................................................ 3 Past Continuous .................................................................. 4 When to use the Past Continuous......................................... 4 Used to & would................................................................... 5 Unfulfilled past events.......................................................... 5 Past Simple Regular Past Simple forms end in -ed. I worked he danced we apologized Some verbs have an irregular past form. I left he wrote The Past Simple is the same in all persons except in the past tense...
EPISOODDRAAMA Inglise keele tund ÕPETAJA: Good afternood! POISID: Good afternoon! ÕPETAJA: Sit down, please! Kes ei tea tundi, hands up! ... Kõik teavad? ... Very good! Teeme tunni controle! Irregular verbs! First rida: teadma, hiilima, peitma, kannatlik olema... ANDRUS: Ei jõua! ÕPETAJA: Keep smiling! ...nägema, näitama, laimama, müüma, tagasi tõmbuma, magama. Second rida: osa võtma, võistlema, vigastama... GUIDO: Vissi! ÕPETAJA: Keep silence! ...kukkuma, roomama, verd jooksma, taluma... GUIDO: Mina ei saa mitte midagi aru... TOOMAS: Taluma – see on sama mis elama. ÕPETAJA: Stop talking! ...murduma, kaotama, põgenema... TOOMAS: Aa! Kas see põgenema peab olema flee-fled-fled või fly-flew-flown? ÕPETAJA: Seitsmendas klassis on fly-flew-flown ainult lendama! Speedily, speedily,muidu ei jõua! GUIDO: Vissi! ANDRUS: Ma ei jõua endagi oma! GUIDO: Saad kolaka! ANDRUS: Mul on juba üks neli! GUIDO: Sõber! ANDRUS: Guits! GUIDO: Ise tead! ÕPET...
Past tenses /mineviku ajad/ 1. Past Simple /lihtminevik/ Formation/moodustamine: -- Kõikides pööretes/isikutes tegusõna II põhivorm, mis reeglina lõpeb mineviku tunnusega ed (like liked (hääldub [laikt]); hate hated [heitid]). Ebareeglipäraste sõnade puhul tuleb kasutada II põhivormi (vt. irregular verbs; ebareeglipäraste verbide tabel; näit. write wrote; run ran; buy bought jne.) - Küsimuste ja eitava vormi moodustamisel tuleb tegusõna panna algvormi; aga lisatakse mineviku abisõna did (Did you like the film? She did not (didn't) read the newspaper. When did you come home?) Jaatav Eitav Küsiv (kas-küsimus) I liked (went) I did not (didn't) like/go Did I go? (Läksin ma?) You liked (wento) You did not (didn't) like/go Did you like/go? He/she/it liked (went) He/she/it did not like/go ...
English structure revision for the exam 1. Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). ...
Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native English speakers or beginning English language learners. Skill-specific lessons make it easy to locate and prescribe instant reinforc...
EPISOODDRAAMA 11. klass NIMI: Armin Golovanov Episooddraama on uue, avatud draamavormi üks näide. Sellises näidenditüübis võib korraga areneda / olla mitu tegevusliini, konfliktid on hajutatud ning stseenid on lõdvalt seotud, lagunedes fragmentideks, mida võib väga erinevalt kokku monteerida, kasutades nende sidumiseks mitmesuguseid vahemänge. Algus- ja lõpp-punkti ei rõhutata ja konfliktil pole sündmuste ja tegelaste arendamisel olulist rolli. Avatud näidendis võib episoode ühendavaks osaks olla aeg, tegelane (koolis õppiv noor) jms. Vaatajale ei pakuta mingeid lõplikke lahendusi, vaid pannakse ta probleemide üle mõlema. KIRJUTA ÜHEVAATUSELINE NOORTETEEMALINE EPISOODDRAAMA. Merle Karusoo ,,Olen kolmeteistkümneaastane" Inglise keele tund ÕPETAJA: Good afternood! POISID: Good afternoon! ÕPETAJA: Sit down, please! Kes ei tea tundi, hands up! ... Kõik teavad? ... Very...
Verbs! Verb forms Review of tenses Chapter 12, Pg 215 1 Timeline Draw a timeline of your life. List 810 events on the time line. Make sure you list your future graduation date! Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You w...
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English? · You do not speak English. USE 1 Repeated Actions Examples: · The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. · The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. ...
1) Standard and non-standard varieties of English Standard varieties of English are the varieties of the English language that are considered to be a norm and are spoken and written by the minority (educated people). This is the optimum for educational purposes. The standard varieties of English are: BrEng (British), EngEng (English), NAmEng (North-America), USEng (United States), CanEng (Canada), AusEng (Australia), NZEng (New Zealand). Standard English (British English) is the most widely accepted and understood among native speakers, learned by foreigners. It is used in broadcasting, TV, news etc. It doesn't concern pronounciation (accent), but grammar and vocabulary. It includes formal and informal styles. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary, together with the RP accent should be called English English. RP (Received Pronounciation) is an accent that originates from South-East of England. A social accent, associated o...
Unit 1/ Present Simple be /lihtolevik + - ? I am your teacher I'm not am I German? Yes- I am, you are, she/she/it is, we are, You are in room 13 you aren't am you German? you are, they are. He is jane he/she/it isn't Is he/she/it German? No I'm not, you aren't, he/she/it isn't, we aren't, She is marta we aren't are we German? you aren't, they aren't. It is a school. you aren't are you German? We are students they aren't are they German? You are in class 12 They are teachers Unit 2 / present simple + - ? yes- I do, you do, he/she/it does. I work I don't work ...
INGLISE KEELE PÕHITÕED C.K 2017 A – AN – SOME Singular: a or an Use some for things you can't count ◦ *a banana *a car *a monkey *a football ◦ *some milk *some water *some coffee ◦ *an egg*an accident *an umbrella *an *some sugar eagle ◦ *some tea *some juice*some money *some butter Plural: some Exercises: 1. http://www.english-4u.de/a_an_some_ex1.htm ◦ *some bananas *some cats *some monkeys *some 2. http://www.english-4u.de/a_an_some_ex3.htm balls ◦ *some eggs*some oranges *some umbrellas *some 3. http://www.english-4u.de/a_an_some_ex6.htm eagles We us the ...
Lihtlause (The simple sentence) Lauseliikmed on alus (t/ie subject),iildis (the predicale), sihitis lthe objecr) ja mddrus (.the adver- blal1. Lau.eliikmek. rdih olla iiLl.,siksona r0i terve:dnade riihm ehl< lraas. faraline sdnajiirg on: Alus Oeldis Sihitis MAarus Tbm played sot:f yesteral0!-. My elder brother will play tahle tennis next week Lausete liigid (Klrds ol sentence.s) Viiitlaused (Statements'l teata...
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. I lived in Brazil for two year...
1.Lexicology as a science L. studies the voc of lg as a system. Word-learning, lexis-logos. The task of L is to establish the general features of modern Engl voc. Theoretical L. gives a complete picture of voc. Practical value lies in using and appretiating the lg more conciously. There is diachronic (historical) L that studies origin and development; syncronic studies voc at a given historical period. There are general L (studies words disregarding particular features of any particular lg); special L (studies specific features of a separate lg, there is Engl that bases on general L); contrastive (compares vocabularys in different languages). 2. Connection of L with other linguistic disciplines a) the word performes a certain grammatical function (nt, he always misses the class, how many misses are there; the girl powders her nose, soliders face powder)In speech words are combined according to grammatical rules. The plural of nouns m...
MODULE 1 Greeting. Introducing oneself and the others. The alphabet. Spelling. The tenses. How to introduce yourself and others Formal introductions How to respond and reply to an May I introduce myself? I am John introduction Smith. How do you do. Allow me to introduce John Smith to Pleased to meet you. you. Standard introduction Nice to meet you. I'd like you to meet John Smith. Hello. I want you to meet John Smith. I'm so pleased to meet you. This is Jane Smith. I'm Jane Smith. My name's John Smith. Informal introduction Hi. John. Jane. Hello. Titles: Mr Mrs Miss Ms Ms is a modern form of address for women. It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening...
1. STYLE The term "style" is polysemantic (has many meanings): a Latin word "stilus" originally meant a writing instrument used by ancient people. Already in classical Latin the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift defined style as "proper words in proper places". In present day English the word "style" is used in about a dozen of principle meanings: 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas (e.g. style of Byron) 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period 3. the use of language typical of a literary genre (e.g. the style of a comedy, drama, novel). 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres / areas of human activity (e.g. style of fiction, scientific prose, newspapers, business correspondence, etc.). STYLISTICS Stylistics is the study of s...
Suppletion Present in languages of different families. Present in Old, Middle and Modern English, though the general tendency is towards more regularity/iconicity so the number of suppletive forms has decreased.In the text: goon to go wenden - to turn Gan was suppletive in Old English, past form: eode.Eode was supplanted by went (past form of wenden) at the end of the Middle English period.To wend has survived in Modern English in phrases such as to wend one's way, we wended homewards (ironic usage). Thus: suppletivity- suppletion different parts of one and the same paradigm come from what were originally different paradigms (different words with close meanings or words in different but close dialects).Suppletion embraces verbs, adjectives, nouns. Be was/were been (Old English beon/wesan) (am, art, is, are); in Old English some suppletive forms were used parallel to one another) Good better best Bad worse worst Much more...
FGI 1081 Stilistika (Irina Ladusseva) Kab. 420 2 AP Ends with an exam; lasts only for 1 semester. At the exam you get 2 questions and an exercise (50 sentences: establish the device used, recognize it, and name it). Care about the pronunciation of the terms. Books: - I. Galperin "Stylistics" - I. Ladusseva "Rhythm and Text" - I. Ladusseva "Vocabulary and Style" - I. Ladusseva "Stylistic practice: Book I, Book II" - I. Ladusseva "A Guide to Punctuation" EXAMINATION TOPICS: 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies ...
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