The Middle Ages The Middle Ages are one of the most turbulent periods in English history. The Middle Ages are so called as the middle period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The Middle Ages started in 1066. with the Battle of Hastings and the Norman Conquest. William the Conqueror took all the lands from the Saxon English and gave these to French nobles. Normans were known as great builders. This is assured by the fact that many great castles and other buildings, including the Tower of London, were built during the Norman Conquest. In 1086. Domesday Book was compiled. It is a detailed survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror. The reign of King William Rufus who was the son of William started in 1087 and lasted until 1100. Next king was Henry I who was the brother of William Rufus. His reign was from 1100-1135. In 1135 Henry I nephew Stephen got to the throne of Engla...
Wars involving the UK 10.klass Roman Invasion · 43 AD 410 AD · Aulus Platius · Archeological and epigraphic evidence The Lunt Fort near Coventry, · New developments a reconstructed Roman fort Aulus Platius Hadrian's Wall Norman conquest of England · 1066 AD · William the Conqueror · Battle of Hastings · Last succesful conquest of the UK Hundred Years' War · 1337 1453 · England France · Edward III · Joan of Arc · French victory English and Welsh longbow; the most Painting of Jeanne d'Arc at famous and efficient weapon during the war the Siege of Orléans The Wars of the Roses · 1455 1485 · Henry VI · Edward IV · Henry Tudor Red Rose of Lancaster The Tudor Rose of England White Rose of York ...
England Area and population Total area-130,395 km² 50,346 sq mi Population- 49 446 600 (2004) National flag of England Coat of arms of England Rose · The Tudor rose is the national floral emblem of England, and was adopted as a national emblem of England around the time of the Wars of the Roses. Anthem · England does not have an official designated national anthem, as the United Kingdom as a whole has " God Save the Queen". However, the following are often considered unofficial English national anthems: · "I Vow to Thee, My Country" · "Land of Hope and Glory" · "Nimrod" · "Jerusalem" · "Heart of Oak" Climate · England has a temperate climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round, although the seasons are quite variable in temperature. However, temperatures rarely fall below -5 °C (23 °F) or rise above 30 °C (86 °F). Ethnic g...
LONDON HISTORY PERIOD EVENTS PEOPLE The Celtic period (400 BC Name: Celtic words (Llyn (a lake) + AD 43) Dun (a fort or strong place) ) Not important The Roman occupation (AD 43 Londinium not important Boadicea a revolt against - AD 410) politically. An important trading the Roman conquest centre. Devastation AD 61. Rebuilt. Roman walls built in AD 200. Anglo Saxons (AD 400 Destroyed the Roman towns. Many 1066) kingdoms. London in ruins. King Egbert one Flourishing. Attacks by Vikings. kingdom England (the 9th ...
HISTORY TEST 5 invasions to Britain until 1066 1) The Celts o Gaels in 600BC; Cymry(Britons) in 300BC o From present-day Austria, Switzerland o The Celtic language survives in the names of many places in England- Dover, Kent, Thames o The Celts are best known for their art- many bronze objects with elaborate designs; brooches; pins; mirrors; Celtic stone crosses o The Celts had 3 social orders: warriors, druids(priests) ordinary people 2) The Romans o (55 BC-Caesar) 43 AD- 410 AD- Claudius o From present-day Italy o Southern Britain became Britannia and was ruled by a roman governor o The Romans built over 20 towns: Colchester, Londinium, Winchester etc. They were good engineers and built roads and villas that had central heating, glass windows and mosaic floors ...
TEST – The history of London 1) London was definitely not an important place during the Celtic period. It was just a mosquito-infested swamp. 2) London became a trading centre during the Roman occupation. It was an important crossing point for the Romans over the river Thames. Market forces began to operate. With troops stationed and ships calling, merchants will inevitably set up shops. 3) The Celtic warrior queen Boudicca and her tribesmen fought against the Roman conquest and devastated Londinium. The city was burned down and its inhabitants massacred. 4) London was rapidly rebuilt and in AD 122 the Roman walls were built around it as a defence. 5) The Romans left Britain early in the 5th century because they had to cope with troubles elsewhere in the Empire. 6) Around AD 400 the Germanic tribes invaded Britain. 7) London fell into ruins because the Anglo-Saxons destroyed the Roman towns and fo...
The Renaissance Between 14th and 16th century in Europe From French word rebirth It was an age of growth in Europe. New, powerful city states emerged. A new middle class had more and more money to spend. Great artists, writers and thinkers lived during this time. During the Middle Ages many people who lived in the countryside worked on the land that they got from the noblemen. In return, they were protected by them Between the middle and the end of the 14th century, the plague, also called "Black Death" killed almost half of Europe's population. It spread most rapidly in the larger cities where many people lived. This led to economic depression. When the plague slowly decreased in the 15th century, the population in Europe began to grow. A new middle class emerged --bankers, merchants and trades people had a new market for their services. People became wealthier and had more than enough money to spend. They bega...
History of Great Britain Prehistory (55BC) no written records 6th 3rd c. BC the Celts came to British isles hill figures, hill forts, stone circles ( Stonehenge ) RomanBritain (55BC 400AD) Julius Caesar, named the country Albion Hadrian's Wall, villas, roads, the town of Bath The AngloSaxon, Danish and Norman invasions Germanic tribes settled and stayed Anglia Christianity was brought, religion became important, churches were built 8th century = raids by the Vikings and the Danes 1016 1042 : Under Danish rule ( York was the capital ) 1042 : local AngloSaxons regain their rule 1066 : Normans arrive ( the Norman conquest ) Medieval Britain (106615th c.) the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror a new AngloNorman state the feudal system introduced the rule of the king and church strengthened centralised country, military rule Scotland, Wales and Ire...
Medieval England 1066-1485 Eva Asper Anna Pohlak 11.c The Norman Dynasty The Norman Conquest In the 11th century, Normans conquered England - The Battle of Hastings 14.10.1066 The Anglo-Saxon forces had more soldiers but the Normans had better military tactics and won in the end thanks to a clever strategy William I, also known as William the Conqueror, replaced King Harold on the throne The invasion was completed by 1071 - The Norman invasion is depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry a long embroidered cloth The death of King Harold embroidered on the Bayeux Tapestry The Norman England William I ensured his power by dividing the land into parts and making 1/7 of it a royal domain He made his nobles swear an oath of allegiance and become his vassals Died in 1087 while fighting in France, was succeeded by his third son, William...
REVISION QUESTIONS 1. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? Winston Churchill? Margaret Thatcher was the first female Prime Minister in Europe. She was a member of the conservative party. She died recently. Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister during WW II. He was excellent in making speeches, but he was a heavy drinker and also smoker. 2. What are the main countries of the UK and their capitals? There are 4: England with London as the capital; Wales with Cardiff as the capital; Scotland with Edinburgh as the capital; and Northern Ireland with Belfast as the capital. 3. What is Remembrance Day all about and why is it celebrated at that time? It is about the men (and women) who lost their lives fighting in the World Wars. It's celebrated then, because that's the day WWI was ended with a treaty. 4. Which powers does the Queen of the UK have? The Queen has to sign all the bills for them to pass. She is the o...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
Suppletion Present in languages of different families. Present in Old, Middle and Modern English, though the general tendency is towards more regularity/iconicity so the number of suppletive forms has decreased.In the text: goon to go wenden - to turn Gan was suppletive in Old English, past form: eode.Eode was supplanted by went (past form of wenden) at the end of the Middle English period.To wend has survived in Modern English in phrases such as to wend one's way, we wended homewards (ironic usage). Thus: suppletivity- suppletion different parts of one and the same paradigm come from what were originally different paradigms (different words with close meanings or words in different but close dialects).Suppletion embraces verbs, adjectives, nouns. Be was/were been (Old English beon/wesan) (am, art, is, are); in Old English some suppletive forms were used parallel to one another) Good better best Bad worse worst Much more...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court. At first they had no special knowledge or training. They were trusted to use common se...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
1. The Queen’s official title. Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith. 2. The Queen’s working day. Starts after breakfast. Reads the newspapers which are prepared by the Press Secretary, and a report on the previous day’s proceedings in the Parliament and the letters she receives. Also phone calls. Once a month she attends the Privy Council in order to give Royal Assent to various items of government legislation. Discusses domestic matters with the Master of the Household. Towards the end of the day, there is always another pile of official papers and reports waiting to be read or acted upon. The business on constitutional monarchy never ends. 3. Who is the present heir to the throne? Speak about his education. Wh...
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD. The Romans eventually brought Christianity to Britain. Hadrian's wall on the border of Scotland and England. It began constru...
Country Study Mari-Liis Luukas 11c The British Isles Administrative / d'mnstrtv / haldus- Self-governing / self'gvn / isemajandav, iseseisev Legislative assembly/ 'ledsltv 'sembl/ seadusandlik kogu The British Isles is the name of a group of islands washed by the North Sea in the east and the ...
The Renaissance In the history the Middle Ages were followed by the Renassance period. During this period a new class called bourgeoeisie came into being. This is the period when monarchies based on nationality were estabilished. The Renaessance started in Italy In the 14th century. Then it spread all over Europe, reached England in 16th century. The struggle for power culminated in a war called The War of Roses. It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485. A new dynasty came to throne, Tudor, the first king in this dynasty was Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy.He could avoid quarrels and wars with neigbouring countries. France, Spain - greatest enemies.So he ...
N. A. Vavilov ASPECTS OF BRITISH HISTORY Н. А. Вавилов КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ Учебное пособие на английском языке Москва Институт международного права и экономики имени А. С. Грибоедова 2008 2 УТВЕРЖДЕНО кафедрой лингвистики и переводоведения Вавилов Н.А. Краткая история Великобритании: Учебное пособие на английском языке. – 2-е изд., пересмотр. и испр. – М.: ИМПЭ им. А.С. Грибоедова, 2008. – 88 с. Пособие содержит краткий очерк важнейших событий в истории Великобритании – от первых документально засвидетельствованных вторжений на остров (кельтов, римлян и англосаксов) до создания и распада Британск...
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as Can...
London History The Romans AD 43- AD 410 The Romans finally invaded Britain in AD 43 from Kent. The Romans lead by Julius Caesar attempted to invade Britain twice before that in 55 and 54 BC but the invasions were unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was r...
Britain History Pre-Norman Britain The Iberians brought their metal-working skills and the first real civilization to Britain in the third millennium B.C and were overrun by various Celtic invasions that began in the 8th century. The Celts introduced their tribal organization and an early form of agriculture before they were forced westward by the Roman invasion. Forms of Celtic language are still spoken in Britain. Romans (with Julius Caesar in the head of them) first tried to occupy Britain in 55 B.C., but there was a rebellion in Gaul so they had to leave to fight against it. Next time they came in 43 A.D. and their leader was Emperor Claudius. Romans brought a lot with them. Their brought paved roads, the sites of important cities, the seeds of Christianity, the Roman law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied...
Ameerika Kirjandus 30.01.13 Naturalism · France, Emile Zola · Put down his theory in 1879: Le Roman Experimental, attempt to explain the development of human society throuch biological laws · Outlook is deterministic, pessimistic, fatalistic (fate or biology) · Man as an animal-clever than other beasts, still explainable within the framework · Man is not a free agent, is govern by something · Unable to determine his own faith · Hereditary · Naturalists tried to apply in fiction the processes of natural sciences · Writers task is to record facts, systems of behaviour, living conditions, never revealing any natural unbiased (completely natural) · Point of view: amoral-outside the category of morality, neither good or bad · Naturalist find it absurd to blame the wicked. These criminals are doing what nature, environment, their unconscious tells them to do. Naturalists do not ...
British Cuisine Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian r...
Hamlet Shakespeare, William Published: 1599 Categorie(s): Fiction, Drama Source: Feedbooks 1 About Shakespeare: William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviv- ing works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been trans- lated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful c...
ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iii CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE How to Unlock Your Full Potential for Success and Achievement B R I A N T R AC Y JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page i CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page ii ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iii CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE How to Unlock Your Full Potential for Success and Achievement B R I A N T R AC Y JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iv ...
PRAISE FOR The 4-Hour Workweek "This is a whole new ball game. Highly recommended." --Dr. Stewart D. Friedman, adviser to Jack Welch and former director of the Work/Life Integration Program at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania "It's about time this book was written. It is a long-overdue manifesto for the mobile lifestyle, and Tim Ferriss is the ideal ambassador. This will be huge." --Jack Can eld, cocreator of Chicken Soup for the Soul®, 100+ million copies sold "Stunning and amazing. From mini-retirements to outsourcing your life, it's all here. Whether you're a wage slave or a Fortune 500 CEO, this book will change your life!" --Phil Town, New York Times bestselling author of Rule #1 "The 4-Hour Workweek is a new way of solving a very old problem: just how can we work to live and prevent our lives from being all about work? A world of in nite...
1 EKSAMIKONSPEKT: INGLISMAA AJALUGU I Sissejuhatus Suurbritannia ajalukku Inglismaa ajaloo periodiseerimine. Eelajalooline Britannia ( - 43 pkr). Rooma Britannia (50 eKr-450 pKr). Anglosaksi Inglismaa (450 pKr – 1066 pKr) Normanni Inglismaa (1066-1290): Anjou dünastia. Hiliskeskaeg (1290-1450). Varauusaeg (1450-1750): Tudorid, Stuartid. Uusaeg (1750-20.sajand). Viktoriaanlik sajand (1837-1901). Rooma Britannia: Julius Caesari ekspeditsioonid 55-54 e.Kr; Esimesed katsed vallutada tegi juba Julius Caesar. Kaks katset aastatel 55 – 54 eKr, millega jäädavalt püsima Inglismaale ei jäädud. Invasioon algusega 43 p.Kr. ja selle raskused; Keiser Claudiuse ajal üritati uuesti vallutada. Rooma oli ülekaalus, aga tegemist oli paljude hõimudega, kellega tuli pidevalt võidel...
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