London is the capital of both England and the United Kingdom, and the largest metropolitan area in the European Union. An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to its founding by the Romans. Since its foundation, London has been part of many movements and phenomena throughout history, including the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic Revival. The city's core, the ancient City of London, still retains its limited medieval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century, the name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis that has developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London region of England and the Greater London administrative area, with its own elected mayor
The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt. By AD 100 it had also become the capital of the Roman province. A massive wall was built to protect the city from further attacks. The Roman Empire came under increasing attack across Europe and in AD 410 they retreated. The Romans gave us a language based on Latin, the calendar, law and legal system, the
The UK & London The United Kingdom (or the UK) is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Norther Ireland. The UK is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Its highest point is Ben Nevis in Scotland followed by Snowdon in Wales. The Severn is the longest river in the United Kingdom. Other important rivers are the Trent, the Mersey, the Tyne, etc. Lough Neagh which lies in the centre of Northern Ireland is thr UK's largest freshwater lake. The climate in the UK is variable. The weather changes so frequently that it is difficult to forecast. It is not unusual for people to complain that the weathermen were wrong
At its centre is Nelson's Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base. Statues and sculptures are on display in the square, including a fourth plinth displaying changing pieces of contemporary art, and it is a site of political demonstrations. The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth's Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square". The northern area of the square had been the site of the King's Mews since the time of Edward I, while the southern end was the original Charing Cross, where the Strand from the City met Whitehall, coming north from Westminster. As the midpoint between these twin cities, Charing Cross is to this day considered the heart of London, from which all distances are measured. In the 1820s the Prince Regent engaged the landscape architect John Nash to redevelop the area
range of other water sports. There are three large lakes and a multitude of smaller lakes less than 260 square kilometres each. Lesser Slave Lake (1,168 square kilometres) is northwest of Edmonton. The longest river in Alberta is the Athabasca River which travels 1,538 kilometres from the Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains to Lake Athabasca. Edmonton is the most northerly major city in Canada, and serves as a gateway and hub for resource development in northern Canada. Alberta's other major city, Calgary is surrounded by extensive ranching country. Almost 75% of the province's population lives in the Calgary- Edmonton Corridor, in and between the two major cities. The Rocky Mountains along the southwestern boundary are largely forested. The southern quarter of the province is prairie, ranging from shortgrass prairie in the southeastern corner to mixed grass prairie in an arc to the west and north of it. The central aspen parkland region
7.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The annals were initially created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple manuscript copies were made and distributed to monasteries across England and were independently updated. In one case, the chronicle was still being actively updated in 1154. Nine manuscripts survive in whole or in part, though not all are of equal historical value and none of them are the original version. 8. Beowulf Beowulf is the most famous heroic poem (written down 8-9cc) Beowulf is a war-leader from Scandinavia.He rescued the land of the Danes from a man-like monster Grendel. The monster kills the hero.The poet describes the funeral and how warriors mourned their king. 9. The Vikings, their way of life. Sutton Hoo
Topic Australia Tallinn English College 2006 Australia 1 . Introduction The name Australia is derived from the Latin Australis, meaning of the south. In land area, Australia is the sixth largest nation, its territory is 7,686,850 sq km and its population reaches today over 20,5 million people. It is the only nation to govern an entire continent and its outlying islands. Australia's capital is Canberra, the only city with its own territory. It was built in the early 1900s just to be the capital. The official language is English and the official name of Australia is the Commonwealth of Australia.
Australia Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is 7.6 million square kilometres big. It is often called the island continent because it is rather small for a continent and very big for an island. There are only five countries bigger than Australia in the World. There are five states in the mainland. Tasmania is also considered as a state so there are six states. The Northern Territory and Canberra are also independent but they are not states. Canberra is the capital of Australia and it is situated between Sydney and Melbourne because both of these cities wanted to be the capital. The population is about 19 million people and growing. New South Wales is the most populated state and Victoria is the most densely populated state. The national language is English. It is English because British settlers came to live in Australia in
coastline is approximately 3 800 km. The longest distance from east to west is 350 km, while north to south Estonia stretches 240 km. THE NAME The name EESTI was apparently derived from the word AISTI, the name given by ancient Germans to the peoples living northeast of the Vistula River. Tacitius, the Roman historian, was the first one to mention it (AESTI), while the Arab scholar alIdrisi was the first one to mark it on a map (as ASTLANDA). To the ancient Scandinavians the land was known as EISTLAND; to modern Scandinavians it is known as ESTLAND. Most contemporary languages use the Latin name ESTONIA. FLAG The Estonian blueblackandwhite national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Student's Society, consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event. The Flag Museum attracts tourists who take an interest in the history of the flag.
Tallinn English College CANADA Report Karin Kristen Tapupere 8.b Instructor: Tiiu Martma Intro: Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area and its common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world. The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal people. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored, and later settled along, the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. It is a bilingual and multicultural
Topic Sports Tallinn English College 8b form 2007 1. Introduction For some people sport plays a very important part in their lives. And to some, it is even a way of life. There are different kinds of sports. For instance, there are sports meant for playing indoors, some can be practised only at a certain time of year. There are winter and summer sports also. Skiing, figure-skating, sledding and snowboarding these four most popular are practised during winter. Good examples of summer sports are: swimming, badminton, roller skating and golf. 2. The ancient Olympic Games
Australia Fact file: Australia comprises a land area of 7 686 850 square kilometres. Its population is about 21,3 million people. Australia's capital is Canberra. The national language is English. The official name of it is the Commonwealth of Australia. It's divided into six states and two territories: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Northern Territory. Symbols: Australia had the British flag as their official flag until 1901, when the Commonwealth of Australia was formed. Over 30 000 entries attracted the official competition. Five of them, which contained almost identical designs, were placed equally first. The Australian flag symbolises Australia's historical links with Britain, because it has British flag on it, and Australia's location in the southern hemisphere, because it has stars of the Southern Cross on it
Spring Show for that year. The RHS Great Spring Flower Show had normally been based at the Inner Temple in the hart of London, but in 1913 RHS had idea of moving the Show to Holland Park. They thought that the Show was becoming too big for the Inner Temple site. Anyway it stayed in first place. July 1912 the RHS President Sir Trevor Lawrence had met Major General Crutchley Of the Royal Hospital at Chelsea, and the two began to talk about a 14-day reservation of the gardens and a 14-year agreement. At the RHS Council meeting the following month, 13 August 1912, all had been decided. The show would move to Chelsea for 1913.The Council then turned to more pressing matters: primulas and experiments in electrical cultivation, for which the RHS would be "put to no expense whatsoever". 7 But it not seems so easy for everybody, Piggott Bros, the Society's tent contractors,
Kadrina Secondary School Princess Diana Report Mattias Suurkivi 8.a Class Instructor: Katrin Mägi Kadrina 2009Contents Introduction I chose Princess Diana, because I wanted to know about her and I like the British royal family and she was a part of the family, too. She is dead and if somebody reads it, he or she can learn about her and will know what she was like. The purpose of the work is to introduce Diana and get to know her better. Diana Facts about Diana Main Facts Her full name is Diana Frances Spencer and she was the Princess of Wales. Diana was called people's Princess. She was born on 1. July 1961 in Park house, Sandringham, Norfolk. She was born at the same place as her mother
Houses of Parliament in Westminster. Many government departments are located close to Parliament, particularly alond Whitehall, including the Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street. 4. The City The City of London is a geographically-small city within Greater London. It is the core of London from which, along with Westminster, the modern city grew. The City's boundaries have remained constant since the Middle Ages, and hence it is now only a tiny part of the larger London metropolis. The City was originally surrounded by a defensive wall, known as "London Wall", which was built by the Romans to protect their strategic port city. The City of London borders the City of Westminster to the west. The City of London is England's smallest ceremonial county by both population and area covered and is the second smallest British city in both population and size, after St. David's in Wales. 5. The City of Westminster
Snowdonia and include Snowdon, which at 1085 m (3,560 ft) is the highest peak in Wales. Welsh flag has a red dragon on a white and green background. It is not represented on the Union Jack. England is 130 000 square kilometres. Its capital is London. The population is about 50 million people and growing because of immigration. England is bordered to the north by Scotland and to the west by Wales. It is closer to continental Europe than any other part of Britain, divided from France only by a 38 km sea gap. The Channel Tunnel, near Folkestone, directly links England to the European mainland. The English/French border is halfway along the tunnel. London is by far the largest English city and one of the largest and busiest cities in the world. Birmingham is the second largest. A number of other cities, mainly in central and northern England, are of substantial size and influence. These
celebration of New Year's Eve. The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar (1805), a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars over France. The original name was to have been "King William the Fourth's Square", but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name "Trafalgar Square" Leicester Square Leicester Square is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London, England. The Square lies within an area bound by Lisle Street, to the north; Charing Cross Road, to the east; Orange Street, to the south; and Whitcomb Street, to the west. The park at the centre of the Square is bound by Cranbourn Street, to the north; Leicester Street, to the east; Irving Street, to the south; and a section of road designated simply as Leicester Square, to the west. It is within the City of Westminster, and about equal distances (about 400 yards / 370 metres) north of Trafalgar Square, east of Piccadilly Circus, west
final home of the artist. Kadriorg Art Museum The Kadriorg palace and park were founded by the Russian czar Peter I. According to the designs of the architect Niccolo Michetti, invited from Rome, the palace was built after the Italian villas, consisting of a main building and of two annexes. The well-preserved great hall is one of the best examples of Baroque architecture not only in Estonia but also in the whole Northern Europe. Besides Russian and Italian artists, masters from Stockholm, Riga and Tallinn took part in its building work. The two-storied hall is decorated with rich stucco work and ceiling paintings. The vestibule and some other rooms in the main building, as well as some of the stoves have retained their 18th-century appearance. The park was named Kadriorg (Catherine's Valley) after the empress Catherine I. Most of
Tallinn English College Topic Great Britain 2007 1. Introduction The official name of Great Britain is `the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or short United Kingdom)' The population is about 60.4 million. The capital is London. Other biggest cities include Birmingham, Bristol, Portsmouth, Glasgow and Swansea. English is the main language of Great Britain, but Welsh is officially recognized in Wales and Gaelic in Scotland. 2. Geographical position The British Isles is the geographical term for a group of about 5000 islands off the coast of mainland Europe. The largest island is Great Britain, which is also the largest
Ireland is the third largest island in Europe. It lies in between the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. Politically it is divided into a sovereign state, the Republic of Ireland, that covers about five-sixths of the island (south, east, west and north-west), and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, covering the northeastern sixth of the island.[1] The name 'Ireland' derives from the name Ériu (in modern Irish, Éire) with the addition of the Germanic word 'land'. The population of the island is just under 6 million (2006); just over 4.2 million in the Republic of Ireland[2] (1.6 million in Greater Dublin[3]) and just over 1.7 million in Northern Ireland[4] (0.6 million in Greater Belfast[5])). Politics Politically, Ireland is divided into:
Contents Introduction...................................................3 London's early history.....................................45 The people of London......................................6 Buildings and bridges......................................7 Intruduction London is the capital of the united kingdom (UK), which is made up of Great Britain(England, Scotland, Wales) and Northern Ireland. The city lies in the southeast of England and covers an area of about 1,578 square kilometres on either side of the River Thames. With population of seven million, London is by far the largest city in the UK. Birmingham, the second largest, has just over one million inhabitants. Cultural life London is the worldclass centre. It has more than40 theatres, where audiences enjoy everything from musicals to William Shakespeare's plays
territories. Australia's national anthem is "Advance Australia Fair", which replaced "God Save The Queen" in 1984. the unofficial anthem is "Waltzing Matilda". As said before Australias national animals are kangaroos and emus. Often coalas are mentioned too, its floral emblem is the golden wattle and its national colours are the colours of its flag red, white and blue. Head of state Head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who is queen of United Kingdom and also queen is Australia. In practice, Governor General performs her functions in queen's absence. Since 1989 Bill Hayden has been the Governor General Government Australia is constitutional monarchy, based on liberal democratic tradition. In practice Australia is parliamentary democracy. The power in the country is put to life by Parliament. Parliament is consists of The House Of Representatives and The Senat. The House of Representatives consists of 150 members. The party
1) General facts The UK: * the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was formed in 1801 * it covers 243,610 sq km * everybody from the UK is called British * the capital city is London * is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy
The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Other large cities are Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Quebec. 2. Geographical position Canada is a huge country in the continent of North America. It is bordered with the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, the United States of America in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north. Canada is a vast country, with a territory of 3.8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. 3. Relief Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains
inhabitants. The majority of them live within 300 kilometres of Canada's southern border. Much of the rest of Canada is uninhabited or thinly populated, because the country has a rugged terrain and severe climate. Canada extends across the continent of North America, from Newfoundland on the Atlantic coast to British Columbia on the Pacific coast and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada shares land borders with the United States to the south and north-west. Canada is a land of great variety. Towering mountains, crystal-clear lakes, and lush, green forests make Canada's far west a beautiful region. Farther inland, fields of wheat and other grains cover Canada's vast prairies. Thes fertile farmlands contrast vividly with the Arctic wastelands to the north. Most of the largest towns and industrial areas lie near the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River in central Canada. In the east, fishing villages and sandy beaches dot the Atlantic coast
coast is washed by Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast the Coral Sea washes the coasts and in the southeast there is the Tasman Sea which also separates Australia from New Zealand. The biggest island is Tasmania which is located to the south of the country. 3 Relief Australia is a flat and old continent. Its average height is 274 m above sea level. Its relief is pretty simple – plains cover the greater part of it. Basically one third of its area is covered by deserts and plains. Biggest deserts and plains are: the Great Sandy Desert, the Gibson Desert, the Great Victoria Desert and the Nullarbor Plain. They are also called as the Western Australian Shield. The Nullarbor Plain is an uninhabited limestone plateau. It is characterized by amazing cave and tunnel systems, which contain valuable information about ancient Australia. The east is the mountainous part of the country
North Estonia on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. It has nearly half a million inhabitants and covers an area of almost 160 sqkm. It is also an important economic and cultural centre and one of the main ports in the Baltic States. Tallinn is one of the oldest cities on the Baltic Sea. It is unique for its well-preserved architecture from the 13-15 centuries. In contrast to the ancient town-walls and towers, Tallinn of today offers modern hotels, restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154. The Estonians were the first to build a stronghold on
.............................................................................................................4 Geographical Position .................................................................................................4 History .........................................................................................................................4 Government..................................................................................................................5 Queen Victoria.............................................................................................................5 Relief............................................................................................................................6 Climate ........................................................................................................................7 Plants........................................................................................................
Topic Australia Introduction Many people know Australia as the land down under because it is the only continent except for Antarctica that is all on the southern hemisphere. Its name means ,,Southland". The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia. It's capital is Canberra. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world but the smallest continent. Australia has 6 states and 2 territories (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia , South Australia, The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory).
Later came Reval (presumably after the old county of Rävala), the name used by the Germans who ruled the country for seven centuries. Russians then modified Reval to Revel. For Estonians, the town came to be called Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after Danish conquest in the 13th century. Over the course of time, Taanilinn was shortened to Tallinn The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples about 2500 BC. The Danes, led by King Valdemar II, conquered northern Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heavens. This is allegedly how the Danes obtained their national flag, the Dannebrog in a battle against the Estonians. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order. Toompea became the seat of the German-born gentry
This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity. 2. Geographical position Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. In the Arctic, Canada reaches almost as far north as Greenland. To the south it extends to the same latitude as southern France. The distance from Canada's west coast, the Pacific Ocean, to its east coast, the Atlantic Ocean, is farther than from North America to Europe. Canada's total land area includes thousands of adjacent islands, notably Newfoundland in the east and those of the Arctic Archipelago in the north. In longitude Canada extends from approximately 52° to 141° W, a distance that spans six time zones. In latitude it extends from approximately 42° to 83° N. With its vast Arctic and subarctic territories, Canada is often considered a country only of the far north; however, the peninsula of southern Ontario juts deeply south into the heartland
The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988. The national flower is cornflower, the national bird is barn swallow and the national stone is limestone. The Estonian national anthem called "My Native Land, My Pride and Joy" was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius. The Estonian language words were written by J. V. Jannsen. It was officially adopted after the War of Independence in 1920.The same melody with different words is also Finland's national anthem. The current coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes three slim, blue leopards (or lions) in the middle, with oak branches along the side of the shield. It originates from Denmark. It was officially adopted in 1925.
There are also the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico surrounding the big country. There are 50 states in America. Most of the people live in towns. The biggest state is Alaska; next by size are California, Alaska and Montana. Six states - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts are called New England. They are all small states in the USA that lie in the north- east. The first colony of immigrants settled down in Virginia, in the eastern part of the USA. 3. Relief The USA is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and in the south its coast is washed by the Gulf of Mexico. The coastline is even. There are no big islands belonging to the USA except the Hawaiian Islands which lie halfway the continents of America and Asia. The biggest peninsulas are the Florida Peninsula and Alaska. 4. Land Regions Mountains
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