lifetime, although he was not widely recognised as a great composer until a revival of interest and performances of his music in the first half of the 19th century. He is now regarded as the supreme composer of the Baroque, and as one of the greatest of all time. Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Saxe-Eisenach. He was the youngest child of Johann Ambrosius Bach, the director of the Stadtpfeifer or town musicians, and Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt. His father taught him to play violin and harpsichord. His uncles were all professional musicians, whose posts ranged from church organists and court chamber musicians to composers. One uncle, Johann Christoph Bach (164593), was especially famous and introduced him to the art of organ playing. Bach was proud of his family's musical achievements, and around 1735 he drafted a genealogy, "Origin of the musical Bach family". Bach's mother died in 1694, and his father eight months later
for their independence, and in 1918 the Republic of Estonia was established and endured until 1940. In the summer of that year the Soviet Union occupied all three Baltic states. As a result of the deep inner crisis within the Soviet Empire it became possible to re-establish the Estonian Republic in August 1991. A month later Estonia joined the United Nations. In 1997 the population reached 1.462 million; from this Estonians total 65% (950,124) and other nationalities 35%. The capital Tallinn, mentioned for the first time in 1154, has a population of 434,800 (1995). Other important towns are Tartu, Kohtla-Järve, Narva and Pärnu. Estonia is a developed industrial and agricultural country. In industrial output: oil shale, electrical energy, mineral fertilisers, paper, chemicals, building material, and textile production are prominent. In agriculture: milk, milk products, meat, grain, potatoes, fruits and vegetables.
artists and Elton John reached #3, preceded by Madonna and The Beatles. John was born and raised in Pinner, Middlesex in a council house of his maternal grandparents, with whom his newlywed parents (Sheila Eileen (Harris) and Stanley Dwight) were living. Then they moved to a nearby semi-detached house. He was educated at Pinner Country Grammar School until the age of 15, before pursuing a career in the music industry. When John began to seriously consider a career in music, his father tried to steer him toward a more conventional career such as banking. He has stated that his wild stage costumes and performances were his way of letting go after such a restrictive childhood. Both of John's parents were musically inclined, his father having been a trumpet player with a semi-professional big band that played military dances. The Dwights were avid record buyers, exposing John to all the popular singers and musicians of the day
After a brief honeymoon in Chalk, Kent, they set up home in Bloomsbury, where they had ten children. On 9 June 1865, while returning from France with Ternan, Dickens was involved in the Staplehurst rail crash in which the first seven carriages of the train plunged off a cast iron bridge that was being repaired.Because of that he died.( 9 June1870) Oliver Twist (1837-39), Nicholas Nickleby (1838-39), The Old Curiosity Shop and, Barnaby Rudge: A Tale of the Riots of 'Eighty as part of the Master Humphrey's Clock series (1840- 41), A Christmas Carol written in 1843. Hard Times- For These Times. is a novel by Charles Dickens, first published in 1854. The book is a state-of-the-nation novel, which aimed to highlight the social and economic pressures that some people were experiencing. Unlike other such writings at the time, the novel is unusual in that it is not set in London. A Christmas Carol in Prose, Being a Ghost Story of Christmas (commonly known as A
commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. From 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon (rhythm guitar, vocals), Paul McCartney (bass guitar, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar, vocals) and Ringo Starr (drums, vocals). Rooted in skiffle and 1950s rock and roll, the group later worked in many genres ranging from folk rock to psychedelic pop, often incorporating classical and other elements in innovative ways. The nature of their enormous popularity, which first emerged as the "Beatlemania" fad, transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s. With an early five-piece line-up of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (bass) and
Bob Marley This article is about the reggae musician. For the comedian, see Bob Marley (comedian). Bob Marley Bob Marley in concert, Zürich, 1980. Background information Birth name Robert Nesta Marley Also known as Tuff Gong February 6, 1945 Born Nine Mile, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica May 11, 1981 (aged 36) Died Miami, Florida, United States Genre(s) Reggae, Reggae Rock, Ska, Rocksteady Occupation(s) Singer, songwriter, guitarist Instrument(s) Guitar, vocals, percussion Years active 1962 1981 Studio One, Beverley's, Upsetter/Trojan, Label(s) Island/Tuff Gong Associated
and Harry. EARLY LIFE She was born at Park House, Sandringham in Norfolk, England. Her parents were John Spencer and Frances Burke Roche. She had two older sisters Sarah and Jane and a younger brother Charles. When Diana's parents divorced in 1969, her mother took her and her younger brother live in an apartment in London's Knightsbridge, where Diana attended a local day school. Every Christmas, the children returned to Norfolk with their mother to visit their father, but he subsequently refused to allow them to return to London. Diana's mother sued for custody but she didn't get it and the custody went to the father. After that her father married to Raine Spencer. Diana and her siblings didn't get along with her. DESCENDANCE On her father's side, she was a descendant of King Charles II of England and she was also a descendant of King James II of England through an illegitimate daughter. On her mother's side, Diana was Irish and Scottish
Prof. A. V. Isacenko was replaced first by Assoc. Prof. . urovic (1955-1959) and then by Assoc. Prof. J. Kopanicák (1959-1970). The political turnaround in 1989, of course, also had impact on the evolution of Russian studies as an academic discipline. The department found itself in a peculiar situation. On the one hand, it represented one of the most developed philological disciplines with a large personnel and material base; on the other hand, the factors that had made Russian studies one of the favoured philological disciplines in the past ceased to be significant. What followed was a perceptible drop in the number of applicants for the Russian teaching programme as Russian gradually lost its dominant position at primary and secondary schools. In terms of research, literary studies, which had appeared to be less productive for decades, prevailed over Russian linguistics. Part 1. Linguistics
Britain in the reign of Elizabeth 3 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. In her specific role as the monarch of the United Kingdom, one of her 16 realms,
During this period a new class called bourgeoeisie came into being. This is the period when monarchies based on nationality were estabilished. The Renaessance started in Italy In the 14th century. Then it spread all over Europe, reached England in 16th century. The struggle for power culminated in a war called The War of Roses. It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485. A new dynasty came to throne, Tudor, the first king in this dynasty was Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy.He could avoid quarrels and wars with neigbouring countries. France, Spain - greatest enemies.So he could save much money and thus laid a good economic basis for his state. Besides that he built a
order to sneak into the castle. But, alas, the lord of the manor's son discovers the deception. He is overcome by jealous rage and orders his men to seal the girl inside the thick stone walls while still alive. Turned into an incarnation of undying love, the White Lady now appears every August, on the night of the full moon, in the Dome Church chapel window. Haapsalu is seven-and-a- quarter centuries old this year, and the townsfolk intend to make it a celebration to remember. The annual dance and light show dedicated to the Lady alone involves over 100 performers - and you'll have several chances to catch it over the four days of the event. Musical shows, dances and contests of strength and skill will be held all over town. This festival is held in August and it is said that Haapsalu, Estonia's most famous ghost, appears during this festival Black nights film festival http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/fpage/events/newwinprint/ Beerfestival ( Õllesummer)
American nation.As a diplomat during the American Revolution he secured the French alliance that helped to make independence of the United States possible. A year after Benjamin Franklin's death, his autobiography, entitled "Memoires De La Vie Privee," was published in Paris in March of 1791. The first English translation, "The Private Life of the Late Benjamin Franklin, LL.D. Originally Written By Himself, And Now Translated From The French," was published in London in 1793. Known today as "The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin," this classic piece of Americana was originally written for Franklin's son William, then the Governor of New Jersey. Noah Webster Noah Webster (October 16, 1758 May 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook author, spelling reformer, word enthusiast, and editor. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His "Blue-Backed Speller" books were used to teach
vivacious woman about whom a future Viceroy of India would say, "Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room."[3] Father - John Lockwood Kipling. Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor, an illustrator, museum curator and pottery designer, was the principal and professor of architectural sculpture at the newly- founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and Industry in Bombay. Later in life Kipling illustrated many of Rudyard Kipling's books, and other works. Kipling also remained editor of the Journal of Indian Art and Industry, which carried drawing works from the students of the Mayo School. COUPLE named their son after the place they had first met Rudyard Lake. Alice Kipling Fleming - Sister of British author Rudyard Kipling who became a well-known psychic, producing automatic writing under the name "Mrs. Holland." Born June 11, 1868, Alice Kipling was privately educated
*The Picts, Caledonia The Romans called Scotland 'Caledonia' because the dominant tribe of Picts they encountered was the Calidonii. Romans thought they were barbarian savages, but actually they had an advanced, cultured society. There was no slavery amongst them and women for instance had a higher standing than in Roman society. The Picts fought the Romans. The Picts- ,,The Painted Ones"- spoke Pict-Celtic. *The Scots, Hibernia In early medieval times Ireland was known by the name "Hibernia". In Hadrian's time the ancient race called the Scots inhabited Hibernia (now called Ireland). Irish and Scottish missionaries were spreading Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England during the 6th centurie. The Latin term Scotti refers to the Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland and the Irish who settled in western Scotland. *The Venerable Bede Bede was a Christian monk, he was the most learned man in Europe at that time
The city has seven "Chapter Divisions" or districts. 3 I read one girl blog and she described Prague so beautifuly. She talked about her adventures. When i was reading that it seemed so real, that i was there to. The city's charms can occasionally be obscured by too many tourists, congested traffic and tacky commercialism. Packed in among thousands of other visitors, trying like crazy to see the city in three days and worrying about getting ripped off, it's not surprising, may think the city is overrated. Just relax, take a deep breath. While the city centre is a mélange of stunning architecture, from Gothic, Renaissance and baroque to neoclassical, art nouveau and cubist, beyond the medieval lanes of the Old Town and the Castle District, there's an entire other cosmopolitan city to explore. Search out the
to grow. A new middle class emerged --bankers, merchants and trades people had a new market for their services. People became wealthier and had more than enough money to spend. They began to build larger houses, buy more expensive clothes and get interested in art and literature. The middle class population also had more free time, which they spent learning foreign languages, reading, playing musical instruments and studying other things of interest. The Renaissance was especially strong in Italian cities. They became centres of trade, wealth and education. Many cities, like Venice, Genoa and Florence had famous citizens who were very rich and gave the city a lot of money. The printing of books led to a new way of thinking. Scholars of the Renaissance returned to the writings of Greek and Roman philosophers. These writings are called the "classics"
Arthur Conan Doyle Life Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22 May 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland, to an English father, Charles Altamont Doyle, and an Irish mother, Mary Foley, who had married in 1855.] Although he is now referred to as "Conan Doyle", the origin of this compound surname is uncertain. Conan Doyle's father was an artist, as were his paternal uncles (one of whom was Richard Doyle), and his paternal grandfather John Doyle. Conan Doyle was sent to the Roman Catholic Jesuit preparatory school St. Mary's Hall, Stonyhurst, at the age of eight. He then went on to Stonyhurst College, but by the time he left the school in 1875, he had rejected Christianity to become an agnostic. From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a
Kings King Henry VIII King Henry VIII is arguably the most well-known king of England. Famous for beheading his wives, of which he had six, King Henry VIII also had several children. King James I King James I was already King of Scotland when he got the English crown. King James I was the first ruler to call himself King of Great Britain, as he ruled England, Scotland and Wales. King James was the first King of Great Britain. King William I, the Conqueror King William I, otherwise known as William the Conqueror was born in France on 1028. He became friendly with the current English King, Edward the Confessor. He invaded and attacked England on Edward's death, as he was promised the English crown, but then denied it by the Saxon Harold. King George VI King George VI did not expect to become king, he was the shy brother of Edward VIII who only took the thrown when Edward abdicated. King George VI ruled during World War two and bravely refused to leave London during the blitz
poems and verse and also wrote literature. Another tale tells of William Tell, who shot an arrow through an apple while standing on his son's head. The Renaissance was an age in which more individuals felt the value of their human being. Martin Luther was nailed to the church door at Wittenberg for selling papal indulgences. He died a horrible death, being excommunicated by a bull. It was the painter Donatello's interest in the female nude that made him the father of the Renaissance. It was an age of great inventions and discoveries. Gutenberg invented the Bible. Sir Walter Raleigh is a historical figure because he invented cigarettes. Another important invention was the circulation of blood. Sir Francis Drake circumcised the world with a 100-foot clipper. The government of England was a limited mockery. Henry VIII found walking difficult because he had an abbess on his knee. Queen Elizabeth was the "Virgin Queen." As a queen she was a success
Joseph Rudyard Kipling was a British author and poet. He was born on 30 December 1865 in Bombay, in India which was part of the British Empire then. he is best known for his works of fiction The Jungle Book (1894) (a collection of stories which includes Rikki-Tikki-Tavi), Kim (1901) (a tale of adventure), many short stories, including The Man Who Would Be King (1888); and his poems, including Mandalay (1890), Gunga Din (1890), and If-- (1910).He is regarded as a major "innovator in the art of the short story"; his children's books are enduring classics of children's literature; and his best works speak to a versatile and luminous narrative gift
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America.
Ameerika Kirjandus 30.01.13 Naturalism · France, Emile Zola · Put down his theory in 1879: Le Roman Experimental, attempt to explain the development of human society throuch biological laws · Outlook is deterministic, pessimistic, fatalistic (fate or biology) · Man as an animal-clever than other beasts, still explainable within the framework · Man is not a free agent, is govern by something · Unable to determine his own faith · Hereditary · Naturalists tried to apply in fiction the processes of natural sciences · Writers task is to record facts, systems of behaviour, living conditions, never revealing any natural unbiased (completely natural) · Point of view: amoral-outside the category of morality, neither good or bad
It often shines the spotlight on new Estonian productions. Performances are given in different venues, and there is an outdoor stage for summer plays. Lai 23 is a typical merchant`s house in the Late Gothic style. It is a two-room building, the so- called diele-dornse house, in which a vestibule diele is a bigger room at the street side and a smaller living-room dornse stands behind it in the depth of the yard. 6 The central room in the house's street side part was a large, high-ceilinged entrance hall with a small kitchen under a mantle chimney. This type of chimney was unique to medieval homes, with a bottom section that widened to create a square space that would define the outlines of the small kitchen beneath it. The house also had one heated living room and several unheated rooms, basement rooms, and rooms upstairs for the storage of goods. The entrance hall typically had a higher ceiling than the adjacent rooms, as
Has won 3 daytime Emmys Total of 188 episodes since the show's debut in 1997. Two feature-length movies have also been released; the musical film South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut in 1999, and the three-episode Imaginationland story arc was reissued straight-to-DVD in 2008 CHARACTERS Main protagonists: Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick There are many recurring characters on the show, including the boys' families, school staff, and other students. These include Leopold "Butters" Stotch, Chef (who no longer appears in the show), Mr. Hankey, Towelie, Jesus, and Satan. Episodes have parodied Michael Jackson ("The Jeffersons"), Paris Hilton ("Stupid Spoiled Whore Video Playset"), and The Passion of the Christ ("The Passion of the Jew"). The show has also addressed serious political issues such as terrorism ("Cartoon Wars"), American immigration policy ("Goobacks"), gay marriage ("Follow That Egg!"), racism ("With
Europe. Transcendentalism, though based on doctrines of ancient and modern European philosophers (particularly Kant) and sponsored in America chiefly by Emerson after he had absorbed it from Carlyle, Coleridge, Goethe, and others, took on especial significance in the USA, where it so largely dominated the New England authors as to become a literary movement as well as philosophic conception. The movement gained its impetus in America in part from meetings of a small group which came together to discuss the "new thought" of the time. While holding different opinions about many things, the group seemed in general harmony in their conviction that within the nature of man there was a something which transcended human experience an intuitive and personal revelation. Variously called the Symposium Club and the Hedge Club, the group was soon known as the Transcendental Club because of the ideas advanced by its members.
Following the death of his sister, Mr. Dashwood invites his nephew Mr. Henry Dashwood to come live with him at Norland. The younger Mr. Dashwood brings John Dashwood, his son from a previous marriage, as well as the three daughters born to his present wife. John Dashwood is grown and married, and has a four-year-old son, Harry. When Old Mr. Dashwood dies, he leaves his estate to John and little Harry, who had much endeared himself to the old man. But now John's father, Henry Dashwood, is left with no way of supporting his wife and three daughters, and he too dies one year later, leaving only ten thousand pounds for his family. Just before his death, he makes his son John promise to care for his stepmother and three half-sisters. Mr. John Dashwood initially intends to keep his promise and treat his female relatives generously, but his wife Fanny, a narrow-minded and selfish woman, convinces him to leave them only five hundred pounds apiece
Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanization, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. Historical records beyond the initial invasion are sparse, although many Roman historians mention the province in passing. Most of the knowledge of the period stems from archaeological investigations and especially epigraphic evidence. The invasion force in AD 43 was led by Aulus Plautius.It is not known how many Roman legions were sent; only one legion, the II Augusta, commanded by the future emperor Vespasian, is directly attested to have taken part. The IX Hispana,the XIV Gemina (later styled Martia Victrix) and the XX are attested in 60/61 during the Boudican Revolt, and are likely to have been there since the initial invasion. However, the Roman army was flexible, with units being used and moved whenever necessary, so this is not certain. Only the
as the second wife of Henry VIII of England and the 1st Marquess of Pembroke in her own right for herself and her descendants. House - House of Tudor Father - Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire Mother - Lady Elizabeth Howard Born c.1501/1507 Blickling Hall/ Hever Castle, England Died 19 May 1536 (aged 29-35)Tower of London Religion - Anglican, formerly Roman Catholic King of England Henry VIII Reign - 21 April 1509 28 January House - House of Tudor 1547(37 years) Father -Henry VII of England Coronation - 24 June 1509 (aged 17) Issue Mary I of England Predecessor - Henry VII Henry FitzRoy Successor - Edward VI Elizabeth I of England Spouse - Catherine of Aragon Edward VI of England Anne Boleyn Mother - Elizabeth of York Jane Seymour Born - 28 June 1491 Greenwich Palace, Anne of Cleves Greenwich
Like the national government, state governments have three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. The chief of the state is elected by governor, who typically holds for a four-year-term. The constitutions of the various states differ in some details, but generally follow the general laws. The government. Relief The country naturally presents a tremendous variety in physical features. The highest peak of US is Mt. McKinley in Alaska at ~6000 metrs, while part of Death Valley in California is 89 metres below sea level. At the western edge of the Atlantic coast plain, are almost unbroken mountains, stretching from the Maine into Alabama, called the Appalachian Mountains. These mountains contain coal and iron. The heart of the U.S is a vas plain named interior plains and are divided into two major parts: the wetter, eastern part is called the Central Plains and the western part the Great Plains, both with very good soil
Lewis Carroll 27 January 1832 14 January 1898 Charles L. Dodgson Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (27 January 1832 14 January 1898), better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the LookingGlass, as well as the poems "The Hunting of the Snark" and "Jabberwocky", all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic, and
established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. In addition, the Portuguese Empire was the longest-lived of the modern European colonial empires, spanning almost 600 years, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415 to the handover of Macau in 1999 and grant of sovereignty to East Timor in 2002. The empire spread throughout a vast number of territories that are now part of 53 different sovereign states. However, the country's international status was greatly reduced during the 19th century, especially following the Independence of Brazil, its largest colony. After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, itself being superseded by the "Estado Novo" authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Portuguese Colonia l War and the Carnation Revolution in 1974. POPULATION
Chapter 18 Chapter 39 Chapter 59 Chapter 19 Chapter 40 Chapter 60 Chapter 20 Chapter 41 Chapter 61 Chapter 21 Chapter 42 Chapter 1 It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it." Mr
And the paintings and carvings are increaslibly falling victim to vandalism: they have been painted over, spoilt with knives, even used for target practice. The American Rock Art Research Association protects rock-art sites. 2) THE FAVOURITE SPORT IN BRITAIN The most popular sport is probably football. Two kinds of football is played in Great Britain. One of them, which is called association football, is played all over Europe. The other kind: rugby football is also very popular in New Zealand, France, and some other European countries. English boys play it at school, and in public parks. When they grow up, they play as members of important amateur teams or as a professional in teams competing in football ,,leagues". Professional football is as much a business as a sport. Rugby football was first played in 1823. In rugby every player is allowed to carry the ball. The ball is oval, not round. Each team contains 15 players
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