Islam Assemblers: ********and ******* ************** 8a form 2011.a Table of contents · Introduction · Muhammad · Angels · Five Pillars · Golden Age · Prophets · Family Life · Modern times Intoduction For other meanings, including people named 'Islam', see Islam (disambiguation). Islam is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Allah), and the teachings and normative example of Muhammad, often considered by the adherents of Islam as the last Prophet of God. In addition to referring to the religion itself, the word Islam means 'submission to God, 'peace', and 'way to peace'. An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable. Muslims also believe that Islam is the
ISLAM Islam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Koran, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God. By the teachings and normative example of Muhhamad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. An adherent of Islam is called Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable and the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims are beliving that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed before many times throughout the world, including notably through Noah, Adam, Abraham, Jesus and Moses, whom they consider prophets. They belive that the previous messages and revelations have been partially misinterpreted or alerted over time, but consider the Arabic Koran to be both the unalerted and the final revelation of God. Religious
Turkey's population, size, geographical location, economic, security and military potential. The case of Turkey will be different and more challenging from previous accessions for a number of reasons, some of them are presented below. Turkey is a country with a large population and geographic area. With a population of 74 million today, it is projected that it could be the largest member state at the time of accession. As a Moslem secular country, Turkey will also add a new demographic and religious dimension to the EU. Also, the presence of a large number of Turkish immigrants in European countries raises the issue of possible additional migration, as a natural consequence of accession, which may affect the labor market and demography of small member states. The social repercussions of such a development raise sensitivities and pose challenges with political ramifications (Joseph, J.S., 2006). TURKEY'S LOCATION
-All Member States must obey the Charter. -Countries must try to settle their differences by peaceful means. -Countries must avoid using force or threatening to use force. -The UN may not interfere in the domestic affairs of any country. -Countries should try to assist the United Nations. The basic structure of the United Nations is outlined in an organizational chart. What the structure does not show is that decision- making within the UN system is not as easy as in many other organizations. The UN is not an independent, homogeneous organization; it is made up of sovereign states, so actions by the UN depend on the will of Member States, to accept, fund or carry them out. Especially in matters of peace-keeping and international politics, it requires a complex, often slow, process of consensus-building that must take into account national sovereignty as well as global needs. The organization won the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize, and a number of its
http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/ APRIL 2, 2015 The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050 Why Muslims Are Rising Fastest and the Unaffiliated Are Shrinking as a Share of the World’s Population The religious profile of the world is rapidly changing, driven primarily by differences in fertility rates and the size of youth populations among the world’s major religions, as well as by people switching faiths. Over the next four decades, Christians will remain the largest religious group, but Islam will grow faster than any other major religion. If current trends continue, by 2050 … The number of Muslims will nearly equal the number of Christians around the world.
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper
Should a mosque be built in Tallinn? Dear classmates and teacher, Today I want to talk to you about a topic that has brought with it a great deal of controversy in recent years. Namely, should the construction of a mosque in Tallinn be permitted? Estonians often like to pride themselves for being more tolerant and open-minded than those from other post-soviet nations. This sort of a progressive mindset, however, rarely extends to the principles of religious freedom. But why? Why are so many people opposed to something that in its core is just another place of worship much-like any other? After all, the construction of the mosque wouldn't even be funded by tax-payers. In addition, most of us don't oppose the building of churches, even though Estonia is currently the 3rd least religious country on the planet. Many people fear that the building of a mosque would open a door for Islamic radicalization in Estonia
and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are Portuguese territory as well. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name was Portus Cale. SETTLEMENT The land within the borders of the current Portuguese Republic has been continuously settled since prehistoric times. In the 8th century most of the Iberian Peninsula was conquered by Moorish invaders professing Islam, who were later expelled by the Knights Templar. During the Christian Reconquista, Portugal established itself as an independent kingdom from León in 1139, claiming to be the oldest European nation-state. In the 15th and 16th centuries, as the result of pioneering the Age of Discovery, Portugal expanded western influence and
Laws are passed on a majority vote. Rarely has the assembly changed or blocked legislation proposed by the president. · President Paul Biya's Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM) was the only legal political party until December 1990. Numerous ethnic and regional political groups have since formed · The last parliamentary elections were held on 22 July 2007. Education · Most children have access to free, state-run schools or private and religious facilities. The educational system is a mixture of British and French precedentswith most instruction in English or French. · Seven state-run universities serve Cameroon's student population. More than 60,000 students were enrolled for the 19981999 school year. · Since 1990, private institutions have sprung up in at least five regions. These schools charge fees that are five to ten times those levied by state schools. Nevertheless, they offer
They usually had a "coming out" during an evening at the Theatre d'Orleans, which marked the beginning of their search for a husband. The whole family attended the performance and sat in a box. Young men who were interested in the girl stopped by the box to pay their respects. They had intermediaries talk to the father and ask if they would be permitted to call on the girl at home. The first formal visit was brief, with the girl's mother and perhaps other relatives in attendance who would find out the young man's intentions. After four home visits the father asked the young man if he was serious about his daughter. If the young man wanted to marry the girl the two fathers negotiated the dowry. A notary came to write a list of the couple's possessions and drew up the marriage contract. Once the contract was signed, the families announced the engagement. The girl's family gave a big dinner at her house where the young man gave her an
British Literature in the 20th-21st Century REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th century. New developments in science and philosophy. The essence and influence of Freudian theory. Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th c- simultaneous rejection and invocation of the past. While modernists apotheosized the creative geniuses of the past, they also rejected old poetic forms. Challenge old and established beliefs and more and more people had access to books and education more people went to universities. profound change in morals:
1. Beowulf. The dating of Beowulf is still controversial. The poem is one of the earliest and greatest monuments of the Germanic literatures. The main stories of the poem (the fights of B.) are versions of common folk-tales, but the poet also introduces many incidental stories, some of which belong to the world of ancient Germanic legend. He writes his folk-tales and legends in a web of other events, mainly set in the Baltic Kingdoms. He shows a very rich and leisurely portrayal of this Baltic world, providing many customs like the close relationship between lord and man in the war-band and others. All this encouraged the supposition that the unknown author of the poem was himself a bard of the ancient type portrayed within the poem (a lord's scoop). However, many people propose that the author could be
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America.
1734) married Isaac Roosevelt, which makes her the great-great-grandmother of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the US from 193345. · Hans Rebane = 1897 founded the first Estonian-language newspaper in the US Eesti Ameerika Postimees (published in NY until 1911) · 1898 founded an Estonian Lutheran congregation in NY (still exists today) 2. Signficant waves of migration from Estonia to the US in the 20th century, their reasons. *The failure of the 1905 Revolution: The first significant wave of immigration · Brought a strong Socialist contingent to the United States; led to the formation of many Estonian American Socialist and Communist organizations. * The 1920s30s: · Establishment of independent Estonia · Tightening of American immigration laws · Estonian immigration to the United States slowed down dramatically
Cromwell’s dictatorship. In 1660, monarchy restored under Charles II. 1668 the Glorious Revolution + constitutional monarchy, i.e. constitution added to restrict the power of the monarch and divide obligations and power with the Parliament. Beginning of the century, literature, especially drama flourished. Emergence of puritanism – poetry becomes leading form. Puritanism – purification of religion, of all unnecessary rituals and decorations, in essence, all pleasure equals sin. Closed theatres and denounced all drama, dance, rural festivals, even country sports
Islam religion M:Our presentation is about Islam religion and we want to show you how islam religion people are praying. Religious people are praying three times a day. Pray 1x Next situation takes place in Afganisthan. A: Hello our dear friend, what are you doing? L: Hello, I'm praying! Please, come and join with me. G: Why are you praying? L: I'm praying, because I want to be close with my God Allah. G: Do you have any scripts about praying? L: We, Islam religion people are praying according the holy book, which is called Quran. A: Holy... L: Do you want to learn about about our religion, life, praying and Quran? A: Yes, we want. Is it free? L: Yes, it is free. G: Please, teach us! L: Yes, it's time me to pray the second time. Please, watch carefully. Music is palying! M: The religion is based upon the belief that God is Allah. The followers of Islamic religion, muslims, believe that this revelation to humanity is the flawless word of God.
What did science mean to the scientific revolutionaries? One of the problems inherent in this question is that the revolutionaries rarely used the word science. Instead, they talked and wrote about natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature. Nature, to them, meant the natural world, that is, what was natural, what was not made by human hands. I would suggest that using the expression the philosophy of nature was really a hangover from the medieval world. In other words, questions of science were subsumed under the study of philosophy, and since medieval man called the phenomenal world Nature, then it was quite logical to refer to the study of Nature as the philosophy of Nature. According to the medieval world view, Nature was conceived [ kavandatud ] to be kept going from moment to moment by a miracle which was always new and forever renewed. It was God who ordered the universe through these miracles
supported the church and liked to keep things as they were, unlike the Ghibellines. The Ghibellines were mostly supporters of the German emperor and at the time Dante was born, were relieved of their power. When this change took place, the Guelphs for whom Dante's family was associated took power. Although born into a Guelph family, Dante became more neutral later in life realizing that the church was corrupt, believing it should only be involved in spiritual affairs. At the turn of the century, Dante rose from city councilman to ambassador of Florence. His career ended in 1301 when the Black Guelph and their French allies seized control of the city. They took Dante's possessions and sentenced him to be permanently banished from Florence, threatening the death penalty upon him if he returned. Dante spent most of his time in exile writing new pieces of literature. It is believed that around 1307 he interrupts his unfinished
Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie is a British Indian novelist and essayist. He is born on 19. June 1947. He is the only son of Anis Ahmed Rushdie and Negin Bhatt, a teacher. Rushdie was born in Bombay, India, into a Muslim family of Kashmiri descent.[10][11][12] He was educated at Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai, Rugby School, and King's College, University of Cambridge, where he studied history. Rushdie's first career was as a copywriter, working for the advertising agency Ogilvy & Mather. It was while he was at Ogilvy that he wrote Midnight's Children, before becoming a full-time writer. His first novel, Grimus, a part-science fiction tale, was generally ignored by the public and literary critics
After the Maori arrived to New Zealand, they started to develop into tribes and sub tribes, this tribal system is still in use. Their culture had almost no influence from the rest of the world. They evolved a culture endorsed by agriculture and hunting. Of course the Maori were warriors as well. They had inter-tribal battles, mostly over territory and the losers became slaves or food. Regardless of that they are historically not to be considered as cannibals. There was only one tribe that were, other tribes just kept the heads of their defeated to secure their mana or enemy's power. The Maori had a complex social structure of tribes, sub-tribes and clans and a concrete society made up of nobility, priestly and slave classes. The Maori believed in deities and personifications, such as Tane-mahuta, the lord of the forest, Tawhirimatea and Tangaroa, the Polynesian ocean god. Their villages were fortified with an open space in the centre were the whare hui or the meeting house was located.
can compel individuals to conform to behavioural codes and punish those that do not. Various mechanisms are employed to regulate behaviour, including rules codified into laws, policing people to ensure they comply with those laws, and other policies and practices designed to prevent crime. In addition are remedies and sanctions, and collectively these constitute a criminal justice system. Not all breaches of the law, however, are considered crimes, for example, breaches of contract and other civil law offences. The label of "crime" and the accompanying social stigma are normally reserved for those activities that are injurious to the general population or the State, including some that cause serious loss or damage to individuals. The label is intended to assert an hegemony of a dominant population, or to reflect a consensus of condemnation for the identified behavior and to justify a punishment imposed by the State, in
Sometimes traveling for days before they arrived at their final destinations. Each tribe would have an area of land under their responsibility from which they would make income by allowing travelers and traders to pass through. As knowledgeable guides of the desert they controlled the desert trade routes, and escorted caravans. Table 1. Bedouin Total population Regions Languages Religion Related ethnic groups Sunni Islam, extremely few Arabic dialects, Arab World, Bedouins who practice Shia ? Bedawi, Najdi, Arabs
questioned about the British national symbols...........................................................................23 Surprisingly, according to the results, more than 50 percent of students are aware of the national flags of Great Britain, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. As can be seen, quite a lot of children also know the name of the Great Britain flag. However, almost all of the students have no idea about other names of the British flags, as well as about the patron saints. In addition, almost 90 percent of students are also unaware about the national holidays..........23 All things considered, we see that there is a need for students to pay more attention to Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales and to learn more information concerning those parts of the United Kigdom.....................................................................................................................23 2
giant of Africa. In the last 32 years, I have watched with horror and outright helplessness as the downward slide of the African race continues to escalate. But rather than address the problems, we resort to blaming the Caucasians, Asians and others for our misfortune. We are not men enough to accept responsibility for our actions. Africans blame either the British, French or little Portuguese/Spanish for their problems. Africans in America blame the Caucasians for all their problems, or any other ethic group they have allowed to take over their neighbours, a frequently recurring phenomena. Africans blame the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Group of 7, the former colonial masters for the abject poverty in our respective countries. We blame the wars ravaging several African sectors on the interference of our former colonial masters on “our internal affairs.” Ha! – some kind of independence!
But despite its popularity, terrorism can be a confusing concept. Even within the U.S. Government, agencies responsible for different functions in the ongoing fight against terrorism use different definitions. The United States Department of Defense defines terrorism as "the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological." The FBI uses this: "Terrorism is the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." The U.S. Department of State defines "terrorism" to be "premeditated politically-motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub- national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience."
dominions. They were given "responsible government" and became part of the Commonwealth. The Head of State was the British monarch. Nowadays, the word "dominion" is not used. 6. The British Commonwealth of Nations freely unites Britain and its former colonies. Ireland 1. The first inhabitants were hunters and fishers from the European mainland in 6000 BC. In 200 BC, the Celts arrived. 2. Christianity was established during the 5th century by Saint Patrick, who is also Ireland's patron saint. His feast day is on 17th of March, the day he died. 3. The English conquest of Ireland began in the 12th century by Henry II. 4. King James I settled English and Scottish Protestants in the province of Ulster. This has resulted in conflicts between the Irish Catholics and the "planted" Protestants. 5. Home Rule was the name given to the Movement of Independence in 1916. Ireland
War on Terror The War on Terror is an international military campaign led by the United States and the United Kingdom with the support of other NATO and non-NATO countries. Officially, the War on Terror label has not been used since Barack Obama came to office in 2009, but the war in Afghanistan continues. The campaign was launched in 2001 with the US/UK invasion of Afghanistan in response to the September 11 attacks. Since then, other operations have commenced, the largest being the War in Iraq, beginning with a 2003 invasion. Originally, it was waged against al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations with the purpose of eliminating them. The phrase War on Terror was first used by former US President George W. Bush and other high-ranking US officials to denote a global military, political, legal and ideological struggle against organizations designated as terrorist and regimes that
The Flowering of Human Consciousness – 6 Evocation..................................................................................................6 The Purpose of This Book........................................................................8 Our Inherited Dysfunction........................................................................10 The Arising New consciousness..............................................................12 Spirituality and Religion..........................................................................14 The Urgency of Transformation...............................................................16 A New Heaven and a new Earth...............................................................18 Chapter Two Ego: The Current State of Humanity – 19 The Illusory Self......................................................................................20
Witchcraft Witchcraft is the alleged use of supernatural or magical powers. A witch (from Old English wicca m. / wicce f.) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Historically, it was widely believed that witchcraft involved the use of these powers to inflict harm upon members of a community or their property, and that all witches were in league with the devil. Since the mid 20th century, the term witchcraft has sometimes been used to distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, with the latter often involving healing. Human misfortune was often blamed on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. Reasons for accusations of witchcraft fall into four general categories: · A person was caught in the act of positive or negative sorcery · A well-meaning sorcerer or healer lost their clients' or the authorities' trust
twentieth centuries. Race served to distinguish between populations or groups when describing an individual who was of mixed ethnicity or "blood." The term has historically been used to identify people that are now often called `Métis' in Canada. Many people back then considered the `half-breed' to be a degenerate, inferior sort of human. Some of this is related to racial theories of the 19th century that believed each `race' had a distinct origin, and that mixing would lead to serious troubles. That's why it is now considered to be a derogatory term. Métis, on the other hand, is a more general French term for mixed race, which has generally referred to a person of descent from two different major ethnic groups. Contemporary usage of Métis is also different from its historical meaning. At Red River in the 19th century there were two prominent communities of mixed-descent
new state to the Union—with a congressionally appointed governor, secretary, and three judges to rule in the first phase; an elected assembly and one nonvoting delegate to Congress to be elected in the second phase, when the population of the territory reached "five thousand free male inhabitants of full age"; and a state constitution to be drafted and membership to the Union to be requested in the third phase when the population reached 60,000; and (3) a bill of rights protecting religious freedom, the right to a writ of habeas corpus, the benefit of trial by jury, and other individual rights. In addition the ordinance encouraged education and forbade slavery Indian Removal Act of 1830 The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy
Henrietta Maria Love and Beauty and Charles – Heroic Virtue, together a great force. Masques centre of court life. Stuart divinity + now queen as a Platonic love goddess. Maria – from French court amnners and highly artificial language of adoration – fashion. Idealised love wiped away all stains. Through their harmony, Charles could make his heavenly ascent and bring great benefits to their obedient subjects. Very costy. Closed court, believed in masques. 3. 17th century „metaphysical” poetry (Donne, Quarles, Herbert, Crashaw, Vaughan, Marvell) Religious poetry, books of emblems (allegorical pictures, verses explaining their moral), unconventional or „unpotic” figures like compass or mosquito to reach surprise effects, paradox and oxymoron. About the profound areas of experience: love (romantic and sexual), man’s relationship with God. Brief but intense meditations, striking use of wit, irony and wordplay.
Tallinn English College Topic Estonia Tallinn 2008 1. Introduction Estonia is a small country about the size of Switzerland, or New Hampshire and Massachussetts combined. Estonia is named after the people called "Ests" who lived in the region in the 1 st century AD. The Republic of Estonia is one of the three countries commonly known as the "Baltic States". The other Baltic States are Latvia and Lithuania. 2. Geographical position Estonia is situated in northeastern Europe. Estonia is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the east by Russia, on the south by Latvia and on the west by the Baltic Sea. In the north it borders on Finland. The coastline of the Baltic Sea in Estonia is characterized by numerous gulfs and bays, the biggest of them being the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Pärnu. Bays include the
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