Indigenous People in Australia Class 12a Contests: 1. Indigenous peoples: an overview.................................................................. 3 2. Language......................................................................................................... 3 3. Spirituality...................................................................................................... 3 4. Art and culture.............................................................................................. 4 5. Traditional recreation........................
The Life of Indigenous Australian Children The forced removal of indigenous children happened in every state and territory of Australia. The separation of Aboriginal children started in Victoria and New South Wales as early as 1885 and, in some states, was not stopped until the 1970s. About 85% of Aboriginal families have been affected in some way, either by having children taken away from them or by being forced to make major decisions to avoid having their children taken. Mothers of some
fauna are the monotremes (the platypus and echidna); a host of marsupials, including the kangaroo, koala, and wombat, and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra. The koala and eucalyptus form an iconic australian pair pair. Culture. Since 1788, the basis of Australian culture has been strongly influenced by Anglo-Celtic Western culture. Distinctive cultural features have also arisen from Australia's natural environment and Indigenous cultures. Since the mid-20th century, American popular culture has strongly influenced Australia, particularly through television and cinema. Other cultural influences come from neighbour Asian countries, and through large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking nations. Art Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave paintings, rock engravings and body painting of its Indigenous peoples. Media The Australian cinema industry began with the 1906 release of The
(3,855,100 square miles) The largest city is Toronto Canada Canada is a bilingual country : they speak both English and French The monarch is the Queen of England It's ten provinces and three territories extend Canada's national anthem is `' O Canada '' How Canada got it's name? Canada's name comes from `' kanata, '' the Iroquois-Huron word for `' village '' or `' settlement '' Aboriginal people, First Nations and Inuit Aboriginal Canadians, also known as Indigenous Canadians, are the indigenous people within the boundaries of present - day Canada. The first largest group were the Indians. Nowadays the term `' First Nations `' is used instead of `' Indian '' Some 4,000 years ago another group of people arrived in Canada. They called themselves the Inuit, which means `' the people '' First Nations First Narions were divided into 6 groups : Woodland First Nations, Iroquoian First Nations, Plains First Nations,
• The kangaroo is important to both Australian culture and the national image. • Population in Australia is 22,760,245. • They have almost 10,700 beaches in all shapes, sizes and colours. FLAG OF AUSTRALIA CULTURE • Since 1788, the basis of Australian culture has been strongly influenced by Anglo-Celtic Western culture. • Distinctive cultural features have also arisen from Australia's natural environment and Indigenous cultures. SPORT • About 24% of Australians over the age of 15 regularly participate in organised sporting activities. • Australia has strong international teams in cricket, hockey, netball, rugby league, and rugby union, having been Olympic or world champions at least twice in each sport in the last 25 years for both men and women where applicable ARTS • Australian visual arts are thought to have begun with the cave
Cuisine of South Africa has had a variety of sources and stages: · Cookery practised by indigenous people of South Africa such as the Khoisan and Xhosa- and Sotho-speaking people · Settler cookery introduced during the colonial period by people of Indian and Afrikaner and British descent and their slaves and servants - this includes the cuisine of the Cape Malay people, which has many characteristics of Malaysia and Java, and recipes from neighbouring colonial cultures such as Portuguese Mozambique. Indigenous cookery
Australia is warm and dry. There is very little extremely cold regions in Australia. Summer last from December to February. Histor y. Human habitation of Australia is estimated to have begun between 42,000 and 48,000 years ago, possibly with the migration of people by land bridges and short seacrossings from what is now Southeast Asia. These first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. At the time of European settlement in the late 18th century, most Indigenous Australians were hunter gatherers, with a complex oral culture and spiritual values based on reverence for the land and a belief in the Dreamtime. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturalists and huntergatherers. Celebrity from Australia Gillian Armstrong director,producer Kimberly Davis model
Native Americans Doris Luha 11.b Falling sea levels created the Bering land bridge that joined Siberia to Alaska, which began about 60,00025,000 years ago. The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre Columbian inhabitants of North and South America, their descendants and other ethnic groups who are identified with those peoples. There are over 500 recognized native American tribes in America. Agriculture and hunting There were four basic ways for people in ancient societies to find food: hunting and fishing, gathering, farming, and raising domesticated animals. Over the course of thousands of years,
The first known settlement in Ireland began around 8000 BC, when hunter-gathers arrived from continental Europe, probably via a land bridge. Few archaeological traces remain of this group, but their descendants and later Neolitchi arrivals, particularly from the Iberian Peninsula , were responsible for major Neolithic sites such as Newgrang.On the arrival of Saint Patrick and other Christian missionaries in the early to mid-5th century AD, Christianity began to subsume the indigenous Celtic religion, a process that was completed by the year 600. Irish Music The indigenous music of the island is termed Irish traditional music. It has remained vibrant through the 20th, and into the 21st century, despite globalizing cultural forces. In spite of emergration and a well-developed connection to music influences from Britain and the United States, Irish music has kept many of its traditional aspects and has itself influenced
destroyed critical habitat for many endangered species—including rhinos, elephants, tigers and orang-utans – the biggest victims • Burning forests to make room for the crop is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Intensive cultivation methods result in soil pollution and erosion and water contamination Impact on inhabitants • Oil palm plantations are a threat to people living in rainforests, destroying their livelihoods and culture • Small farmers and indigenous people are being forced off their ancestral land • The palm oil industry is linked to major human rights violations, including child labour in remote areas of Indonesia and Malaysia. Children are made to carry large loads of heavy fruit, weed fields and spend hours every day bent over collecting fruit from the plantation floor Sustainable palm oil • Certified sustainable palm oil has been grown on a plantation that has been managed and certified according to the
MEXICO NAME/CLASS INTRODUCTION ● South America ● Official name - United Mexican States ● Federal state ● 11th most populous country ● Most populous Spanish-speaking country ● Capital - Mexico City ● President - Enrique Peña Nieto LOCATION ● Neighbours - USA, Guatemala, Belize ● Pacific ocean, Caribbean sea, Gulf of Mexico ● 6th largest country in the Americas A video LANGUAGE ● Spanish ● 3rd of all Spanish speakers ● 5.4% still speaks an indigenous language (Mayan, Nahuatl etc) ● Arabic is the most commonly spoken foreign language PHOTOS THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
grown on the African oil palm tree. Oil palms are originally from Western Africa, but can flourish wherever heat and rainfall are abundant. Today, palm oil is grown throughout Africa, Asia, North America, and South America, with 85% of all palm oil globally produced and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia; but most of the time not using sustainable measures. The industry is linked to major issues such as deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses in the countries where it is produced, as the land and forests must be cleared for the development of the oil palm plantations. According to the World Wildlife Fund, an area the equivalent size of 300 football fields of rainforest is cleared each hour to make way for palm oil production. This large-scale deforestation is pushing many species to extinction, and findings show that if nothing hanges, species like the
Conclusion – page 10-11 Resources – page 11 Appendix – page 11-14 2 Introduction I selected this theme because it was the most interesting one for me. Aborigines have interested me for a long time now so doing this essay is really fun for me. Australian Aboriginal culture is one of the world's longest surviving cultures. Australian Aborigines, also known as Indigenous Australians , are the native people of Australia . Many of them suffered when white people from Britain arrived in Australia, because of disease, the loss of their hunting lands, and unfair laws. Australian Aborigines are those people regarded as indigenous to the Australian continent. In the High Court of Australia, Australian Aborigines have been specifically identified as a group of people who share, in common, biological ancestry back to the original occupants of the continent.
On the other hand, xenophobia can result from the hyper-liberal immigration policy in some modern countries. For example France and Sweden which have warmly welcomed a huge amount of immigrants form Asia and Africa during the recent decades. However, instead of striving to integrate with the local population by learning their language and getting to know their culture, they form their own closed community which do not communicate with the indigenous population. What is more, they keep on following the laws of their native land, often ignoring the legislation of their new homeland. Moreover, it is the part of the population who is not interested in their own roots and who do not excel at work, who tends to emigrate the most. Therefore, the immigrants from the developing countries have become a major problem in many European states. Furthermore, xenophobia has started to spread in the areas as a reaction to the problems
Official language French Population 7, 6 mln Emblems Coat of arms Flag Motto "Je Me Souviens" Flower blue flag iris Bird snowy owl Mineral asbestos Tree yellow birch Quebec's National Holiday 24 June Geography Situated in eastern part of Canada Highest point Mont D'lberville Largest river the St. Lawrence River Canadian Shield 90% of the territory Appalachian Mountains History First inhabitants were the indigenous people First French explorer Jacques Cartier 1534 First it was called New France In 16. 17. century population grew massively The Seven Year's War in 1756-1763, New France was renamed the Province of Quebec Act of Union in 1840 Economy The St. Lawrence River Valley is a agricultural region The nothern coniferous forests, lakes and rivers have many resources Many high-tech industries around Montreal Goverment Head of state is Queen Elizabeth II
summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to- northwesterly wind known as mistral People Nationality: France Population: 65.0 million Language: French Religion: Roman Catholic , Muslim, Protestant Flag and the coat of arms Transportation Airports ( plane) Heliports ( helicopter) Railways ( train) Roadways (cars) Watervays ( ship) Music France boasts a wide variety of indigenous folk music, as well as styles played by immigrants from Africa, Latin America and Asia. France has produced a number of legendary composers, like Gabriel Faure Cinema France is the birthplace of cinema France is an important Francophone film production country French actors appear and star in Hollywood productions, such as Vincent Cassel (1) and Marion Cotillard (2) (1) (2) Architecture
HISTORY PRECOLONIAL AMERICA Before the first Europen settlers came, various groups of interrelated cultures lived there. Such as the Tingits, the Nootka, the Yurok and many more. Indigenous people mostly fished, because there vas a vast stock of fish. But they also relied upon agriculture, hunting and trapping. They built stable villages, and lived either in birchcovered wigwams or in rectangular longhouses. Later the indigenous people were called indians, by Christopher Columbus who thought that he had reached to India. COLONIAL AMERICA As far as people know were the Vikings first European settlers to visit America. but in 1492, an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus reached southern America when he was looking for a sea route from Europe to India. He is called to be the man who discovered America. In 1607 two very different groups of English people came to America. a
Jamaica Lehasalu Andres AT112 Jamaica Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, comprising the third- largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, 10,990 square kilometres in area, lies about 145 kilometres south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres west of Hispaniola, the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Jamaica is the fifth- largest island country in the Caribbean. The indigenous people, the Taíno, called it Xaymacain Arawakan. meaning the "Land of Wood and Water" or the "Land of Springs". Jamaica Marcus Garvey, Father of the Back to Africa Movement and Jamaica's first National Hero. Language The official language of Jamaica is English. Jamaicans primarily speak an English- African Creole language known as Jamaican Patois, which has become known widely through the spread of Reggae music. Jamaican Patois was formed from a base of
l The coat of arms symbolises "Unity, Freedom, Justice" and it's also their motto. l The stripes of the flag are symbolic for:agricultural and natural resources of the country(green), justice(white) and Freetown's harbor(blue). Languages & religion l Official language is English l National language is Krio which is understood by 95% and spoken by 10% of the population l 60% of the population are followers of Islam, 30% Christianity and only 10% African indigenous religion. Education Six years at primary level and three years in junior secondary educatio. 2/3 of the adults are illiterate Sierra Leone Civil War resulted in the destruction of 1,270 primary schools Two universities: Fourah Bay College and Njala University l Who is the president of Sierra Leone? l What is the population? l When joined with Commonwelth? l Where is Sierra Leone located? l What is the capital? l What does the Coat of arms symbolise? l What are the colours of the flag?
off fat reserves when no sea ice is present. The polar bear is classified as a vulnerable species, with eight of the nineteen polar bear subpopulations in decline.[6] For decades, large scale hunting raised international concern for the future of the species but populations rebounded after controls and quotas began to take effect.[citation needed] For thousands of years, the polar bear has been a key figure in the material, spiritual, and cultural life of Arctic indigenous peoples, and polar bears remain important in their cultures.
INDIA India is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country and the most populous democracy in the world. Flag The National Flag of India is a tricolour of deep saffron, white and India green with the Ashoka Chakra. Saffron, white and green symbolise peace and truth. Clothing Popular styles of dress include draped garments such as the sari for women and the dhoti or lungi for men. Sports In India, several traditional indigenous sports remain fairly popular. kabaddi gilli-danda kho kho Chess is popular too. India has also played a major role in popularising cricket. Thus, cricket is the most popular sport in India. India has hosted sporting events: the Asian Games; the Cricket World Cup tournaments; the Afro-Asian Games; the Champions Trophy and many more. Religion India is home to many religions, but t...
Estonia has 3794 km of coastline. The number of islands is estimated around 1500 and two of the largest are called Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Estonia has over 1,400 lakes. Most are very small, with the largest, Lake Peipus being 3,555 km2. Culture of Estonia The culture of Estonia incorporates indigenous heritage, as represented by the Estonian language and the sauna, with mainstream Nordic and European cultural aspects. Due to its history and geography, Estonia's culture has been influenced by the traditions of the adjacent area's various Finnic, Baltic, Slavic and Germanic peoples as well as the cultural developments in the former dominant powers Sweden and Russia. Independence of Estonia On February 2, 1920, the Treaty of Tartu was signed by the Republic of Estonia and the Russian
NAVAJO LANGUAGE Merilin Reisenbuk What is Navajo Language? Navajo is an Athabaskan (is a large group of indigenous peoples of North America) language spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people. It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages. Orthography and pronunciation Consonants Vowels. Navajo has four basic vowel qualities: a, e, i and o. Each of these may occur either short or long. Tones. Navajo has two tones, low and high. - high, as in áá and éé - low, as in aa and ee Grammar
Deivid Armulik Kadrina Secondary School 2015 Genus of flowering plants Including three different species – Cannabis sativa, indica and ruderalis Indigenous to Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent Hemp fibre Help oils Medical purposes Recreational drug Aka Marijuana Preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine Mostly used recreationally or as a medical drug Also religious or spiritual rites Most widely used illegal drug in UK CONSUMED FOR EFFECTS Mental and physical Decrease in short-
wool. Most industries are mining, automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair. South Africa's natural resources are gold, coal, iron ore, tin, uranium, gem diamonds, platinum, copper, salt and many others. CULTURE With a dynamic fusion of African, European and Asian influences, South Africa is a hotbed of originality and creativity. This is particularly evident in the music, which ranges from indigenous township rave music, known as kwaito, to world-renowned African jazz by such legendary talents as Hugh Masekela and Miriam Makeba. Theatre, too, is alive and well, with sophisticated venues in each city presenting everything from the classics to homegrown drama, dance and comedy. A range of galleries, shops, studios and streetside stalls exhibit traditional African art as well as contemporary fine art. But its people are South Africa's greatest asset - and it is the
estonian culture The culture of Estonia incorporates indigenous heritage, as represented by the country's rare Finno-Ugric national language Estonian, with mainstream Nordic and European cultural aspects. Due to its history and geography, Estonia's culture has been influenced by the traditions of the adjacent area's various Finnic, Baltic, Slavic and Germanic peoples as well as the cultural developments in the former dominant powers Sweden and Russia. Traditionally, Estonia has been seen as an area of rivalry between western and eastern Europe on many levels
respectively), the Mamanuca Group (just outside Nadi) and Yasawa Group, which are popular tourist destinations, the Lomaiviti Group, outside of Suva, and the remote Lau Group. Rotuma, some 500 kilometres (310 mi) north of the archipelago, has a special administrative status in Fiji. Fiji's nearest neighbour is Tonga. The climate in Fiji is tropical and warm most of the year round. Fiji's culture is a rich mosaic of indigenous, Indian, Chinese and European traditions, comprising social polity, language, food (based mainly from the sea, casava, dalo & other vegetables), costume, belief systems, architecture, arts, craft, music, dance and sports. The indigenous culture is very much active and living, and is a part of everyday life for the majority of the population. However, it has evolved with the introduction of old cultures like the
Over 30 000 entries attracted the official competition. Five of them, which contained almost identical designs, were placed equally first. The Australian flag symbolises Australia's historical links with Britain, because it has British flag on it, and Australia's location in the southern hemisphere, because it has stars of the Southern Cross on it. The large seven-pointed star represents the six original states and the territories of Commonwealth. There is also the Indigenous Australian flag, which represents the Aboriginal Australians. The flag with its colours of red (representing the land), black (representing the people) and the yellow in the middle (representing the sun) is a source of pride for Indigenous Australians. The present coat of arms was granted by King George V in 1912. It consists of a shield containing the badges of six Australian states, enclosed by an ermine border. The shield
world after Iceland, Japan and Hong Kong · Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world · Australia introduced universal health care in 1975 Nations with some form of universal health care system CULTURE · Since 1788, the basis of Australian culture has been strongly influenced by Anglo-Celtic Western culture · Distinctive cultural features have also arisen from Australia's natural environment and Indigenous cultures · Since the mid-20th century, American popular culture has strongly influenced Australia, particularly through television and cinema · Other cultural influences come from neighbouring Asian countries, and through large-scale immigration from non-English-speaking nations HUMOUR · Comedy is an important part of the Australian identity · The unique character and humour of Australian
translations, legal works, chronicles, riddles, and others. The most famous works from this period include the poem Beowulf, which has achieved national epic status in Britain. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of important early English history. Cædmon's Hymn from the 7th century is the oldest surviving written text in English. In all there are about 400 surviving manuscripts from the period. Religion The indigenous pre-Christian belief system of the Anglo-Saxons was a form of Germanic paganism and therefore closely related to the Old Norse religion, as well as other Germanic pre-Christian cultures. Christianity gradually replaced the indigenous religion of the Saxons in England around the 7th and 8th centuries. Christianity was introduced into Northumbria and Mercia by monks from Ireland, but the Synod of Whitby settled the choice for Roman Christianity
in the east and north to Ngaoundéré. International airports are located in Douala and Garoua with a smaller facility at Y aoundé. · The major radio and television stations are state-run, and other communications, such as land-based telephones and telegraphs, are largely under government control Religion · The Christian community, makes up 40 percent of the population. There is also 40 percent of the population who maintain Indigenous beliefs, and Islam is practiced by 20 percent of the country's population. · Christians are concentrated chiefly in the southern and western provinces and Muslims reside in large numbers in every province. There is significant internal migration. Large cities have significant populations of both groups, with mosques and churches often located near each other. Religion ·The Christian community, makes up 40 percent of the population. There is also 40 percent of the population who
The Pacific forms the country's entire western border, with a coastline that stretches over 6,435 kilometres. Chile expanded in the late 19th century, when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while the indigenous Araucanians inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. Currently, Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations. The national flower is the copihue (Chilean bellflower), which grows in the woods of southern Chile. The coat of arms depicts the two national animals: the condor and the huemul.
increasingly sovereign over the following decades. Northern Ireland remained a part of the United Kingdom and saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973, both parts of Ireland joined the European Community. Irish culture has had a significant influence on culture world-wide, particularly in the fields of literature and, to a lesser degree, science and learning. A strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed for example through native sports. Gaelic games are the traditional sports played in Ireland. The two main Gaelic games are Gaelic football and Hurling. The Irish language, alongside a common Western culture, such as contemporary music and drama, and sports such as rugby and golf. Ireland is known for its traditional music and song, in origin going back hundreds of years but still played throughout the country. Among the best-known modern performers are groups
Estonian languages, are based on the ancestors of modern Estonians migration into the territory of Estonia in at least two different waves, both groups speaking considerably different Finnic vernaculars. · Modern standard Estonian has evolved on the basis of the dialects of Northern Estonia. · The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia. · The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Grammar · Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language, the canonical word order is SVO. (subject-verb-object) · In Estonian, nouns and pronouns do not have grammatical gender, but nouns and adjectives decline in fourteen cases: nominative, genitive,
(Art and architecture)The Egyptians were one of the first major civilizations to codify design elements in art and architecture. The wall paintings done in the service of the Pharaohs followed a rigid code of visual rules and meanings.Egyptian civilization is renowned for its colossal pyramids, colonnades and monumental tombs.The Cairo Opera House serves as the main performing arts venue in the Egyptian capital. (Music)Egyptian music is a rich mixture of indigenous, Mediterranean, African and Western elements. (Festivals)Egypt is famous for its many festivals and religious carnivals, also known as mulid. (Sport)Football is the Popular National Sport of Egypt.
back, rump and the base of its tail, which earned the animal the nickname “tiger". • Its body hair was dense and soft, up to 15 mm (0.6 in) in length; in juveniles the tip of the tail had a crest. Extinction in Australia • The thylacine is likely to have become near- extinct in mainland Australia about 2,000 years ago, and possibly earlier in New Guinea. • The absolute extinction is attributed to competition from indigenous humans and invasive dingoes. • Humans had an adverse effect on the environment and brought disease to Australia that their arrival drove the thylacine to extinction. Extinction in Tasmania • Although the thylacine was extinct on mainland Australia, it survived into the 1930s on the island state of Tasmania. • The Van Diemen's Land Company introduced bounties on the thylacine from as early as 1830, and between 1888 and 1909 the
Accurate - free from error or defect; consistent with a standard, rule, or model; precise; exact Admiral - a naval officer of the highest rank Air force - the military unit of a nation charged with carrying out military operations in the air Air marshal - an air force officer of a rank comparable to an army lieutenant general Ally - a person, group, or nation that is associated with another or others for some common cause or purpose Assassinate - to kill suddenly or secretively, especially a politically prominent person; murder premeditatedly and treacherously Biased - having or showing prejudice Brutal - savage; cruel; inhuman Capture - to take by force or stratagem; take prisoner; seize: Claim - to demand by or as by virtue of a right; demand as a right or as due: Coast guard - a military service which in peacetime enforces maritime laws, saves lives and property at sea, and maintains aids to navigation Commerce - an interchange of go...
King MacBeth Sean Connery Alexander Graham Bell Sir Alexander Fleming James Watt Tartans in Scotland The word 'tartan' is derived from the French 'tiretaine' which described a type of material, not a specific color or pattern. It is not, as some have tried to claim, of Gaelic derivation; the Gaelic for tartan is, and has always been, 'breacan'. The earliest tartans were of undyed wool from the indigenous Soay sheep: light brown, dark brown and white. The oldest preserved Scottish tartan is a fragment in these colours known as 'the Falkirk tartan'. National symbols · The national flag of Scotland, known as the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates (at least in legend) from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national flag still in use. Since 1606 the Saltire has also formed part of the design of the Union Flag
much as 80 kilometres in width, amounting to 11, 100 km 2. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in North America, after the United States and Canada. Kingston is the largest city in Jamaica and the country's capital. I am interested in this country and it is my favourite country. History The Arawak and Taino indigenous people originating from South America settled on the island between 4000 and 1000 BC. When Christopher Columbus arrived in 1494 there were over 200 villages ruled by caciques. The south coast of Jamaica was the most populated, especially around the area now known as Old Harbour. Christopher Columbus claimed Jamaica for Spain after landing there in 1494. Columbus' probable landing point was Dry Harbour, now called Discovery Bay.
Solomon Islands Geography The Solomon Islands lie northeast of Australia in the South Pacific Ocean. They are part of a long chain of archipelagos called Melanesia, which stretches from Papua New Guinea in the north to New Caledonia and Fiji in the south. Second largest in the Melanesian chain, the Solomon Islands archipelago covers approximately 310,000 square miles (803,000 square kilometers) of ocean and consists of 10,639 square miles (27,556 square kilometers) of land. There are a total of 992 islands in the Solomon Islands History When Spanish explorer Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira visited the Solomon Islands in 1568, he found some gold at the mouth, he erroneously thought that this could be one of the locations in which King Solomon (the Israelite monarch) obtained gold for his temple in Jerusalem. Mendaña then named the islands after King Solomon--Solomon Islands. Papuan-speaking hunter-gatherer...
UBLIN Dublin is the largest city and capital of Ireland. It is officially known in Irish as Baile Átha Cliath. English name comes from the Irish Dubh Linn meaning "black pool". It is located near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. Originally founded as a Viking settlement(koloonia), it evolved(arenes) into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's primary city following the Norman invasion(sissetung). Today, it is ranked 23rd (down from 10th in 2008) in the Global Financial Centres Index, has one of the fastest growing populations of any European capital city, and is listed by the GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha - which places Dublin amongst the top 25 cities in the world. Dublin is a historical and contemporary(kaasaegne) cultural centre for the island of Ireland as well as a modern centre of education, the art...
much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this trend, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years. Massive deforestation brings with it many ugly consequences-air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the eviction and decimation of indigenous Indian tribes, and the loss of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming. But who is really to blame? Consider what we industrialized Americans have done to our own homeland. We converted 90 percent of North America's virgin forests into firewood, shingles, furniture, railroad ties, and paper. Other industrialized countries have done no better.
http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Classical 4.08.2016. Major Religions of the World Ranked by Number of Adherents (Sizes shown are approximate estimates, and are here mainly for the purpose of ordering the groups, not providing a definitive number. This list is sociological/statistical in perspective.) 1. Christianity: 2.1 billion 2. Islam: 1.5 billion 3. Secular/Nonreligious/Agnostic/Atheist: 1.1 billion 4. Hinduism: 900 million 5. Chinese traditional religion: 394 million 6. Buddhism: 376 million 7. primal-indigenous: 300 million 8. African Traditional & Diasporic: 100 million 9. Sikhism: 23 million 10. Juche : 19 million 11. Spiritism: 15 million 1 12. Judaism: 14 million 13. Baha'i: 7 million 14. Jainism: 4.2 million 15. Sh...
Scotlan History The history of Scotland begins around 10,000 years ago, when humans first began to inhabit Scotland after the end of the Devensian glaciation, the last ice age. Of the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the country, many artifacts remain, but few written records were left behind.People lived in Scotland for at least 8,500 years before recorded history dealt with Britain. The written history of Scotland largely begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. To the north was territory not governed by the Romans -- Caledonia, by name. Its people were the Picts. From a classical historical viewpoint Scotland seemed a peripheral country, slow to gain advances filtering out from the Mediterranean fount of civilisation, but as knowledge of the past incr...
Republic of Estonia. The treaty was also of utmost importance to Soviet Russia being its first international treaty. · After signing, Soviet Russia failed to fulfill several points of the treaty, e.g. the museological collections of the University of Tartu are not turned in even today from Voronezh and the migration of Estonians was obstructed. St. George's Night Uprising · St. George's Night Uprising denotes a series of rebellions in 13431345 by the indigenous Estonianspeaking population of Northern and Western Estonia against rulers of foreign (mainly German) origin. · On St. George's Night (April 23) 1343, Estonians in Harria started a large uprising. They renounced Christianity, and killed mercilessly everybody with German ancestry · Insurgents elected their own leaders who were called "kings" in German chronicles. · On May 14th, the leaderless insurgents of Harria lost the
around 8000 BC, when hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental Europe, probably via a land bridge. Few archaeological traces remain of this group, but their descendants and later Neolithic arrivals, particularly from the Iberian Peninsula, were responsible for major Neolithic sites such as Newgrange. Following the arrival of Saint Patrick and other Christian missionaries in the early to mid-5th century A.D., Christianity subsumed the indigenous pagan religion by the year 600. From around 800 A.D., more than a century of Viking invasions brought havoc upon the monastic culture and on the island's various regional dynasties, yet both of these institutions proved strong enough to survive and assimilate the invaders. The coming of Cambro-Norman mercenaries under Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, nicknamed Strongbow, in 1169 marked the beginning of more than 700 years of direct Norman and, later, English involvement in Ireland
Columbia, Fraser, Mackenzie and Yukon Rivers; Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake; Rocky Mountains; Canadian Cordillera and the dozens of volcanoes along the Pacific Ring of Fire. 3.How is the population distributed on the territory of Canada? Population density: 4 residents/km2 Densely and sparsely populated areas. Canada is one of the least densely populated countries in the world. 4. Who are the native peoples of Canada? Métis (mixed-race decendants of the indigenous peoples) Inuit (also referred to as Eskimos) The First Nations (various indigenous peoples who are neither of the above) 5. The discovery of Canada by Europeans (St Brendan, Scandinavians, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier). St Brendan the Navigator (C6) was an Irish monk. Tradition holds that he reached North America on one of his voyages. Leif Eriksson (C11) was a Norseman who likely landed in North America around 1000 AD. John Cabot was an Italian explorer who reached North America in 1497.
Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario. These waterways along with the St Lawrence River are an important transportation route from the Atlantic Ocean to Canada's interior. Between Lake Eire and Lake Ontario, the Niagara River plunges over a rocky ledge and forms the famous Niagara Falls. In the far north we find the Hudson Bay Lowlands, which are cold, flat, and swampy, with very few cities. This area is home mainly to Inuit and other indigenous peoples who have lived there for centuries. The St Lawrence Lowlands have excellent transportation facilities and lie near markets in the United States. These features help make the region a manufacturing centre, producing three- fourths of Canada's manufactured goods. Fertile soil and a mild climate enable farmers produce such important crops as barley, maize, soybeans, oats, fuits and vegetables. The region also has a large number of dairy farms.
Compiler: Maiki Joakit Instructor: Mailis Teppo Misso 2011 New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island), and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Mori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as land of the long white cloud. Population (1998): 3,801,000.New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation; it is situated about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. During its long isolation New Zealand developed a distinctive fauna dominated by birds, a number of which
History First people who lived in Canada came by a land bridge from Russia and Greenland. They were the ancestors of nowadays indigenous people of Canada. They just searched better for living places and followed their prey and they didn't even know they were on a different continent. The first explorers were Norse seafarers known as Vikings. As they sailed from Iceland to Greenland in AD 985, they were blown far off their course and they saw the coast what must have been Labrador. The forested areas of Canada's coast encouraged further explorations, because their settlement lacked lumber
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