1.- Choose the most suitable verb form in each sentence. a) If only Peter doesn't live / didn't live / wouldn't live so far away from the town centre. We'll have to take a taxi. b) I feel rather cold. I wish I brought / had brought my pullover with me. c) What a pity. I wish we don't have to / didn't have to / wouldn't have to leave. d) If only you tell / told / had told me about the test. I haven't done any revision. e) I wish the people next door hadn't made / wouldn't make / couldn't make so much noise. I can't hear myself think! f) Darling, I love you so much! I wish we are / had been / would be / could be together always! g) I'm sorry I missed your birthday party. I really wish I come / came / had come / would come. h) I like my new boss but I wish she gave / would give / could give me some more responsibility. i) Having a lovely time in Brighton. I wish you are / were / had been ...
S. In past Fut. C Fut. C. In past Fut. P Fut. P. In past Possibility in the past that didn’t happen: might/could have+III Need Don’t need- настоящее Didn’t need- не ясно в прошлом Needn’t have+III- прошлое Past hypothetical situations I wish/If only+obj+Past Perf/P.C If → Had+obj+III Should have+III– regret/critisiz. III conditional Present II conditional If+were to+inf– more likely I wish/If only+Past S(stative) /would (dynam) It’s time+Past s (should have) /past c (already) It’s time for smb to+inf Future forms: 1. Be+adj (certain) 2. Be+adj+of+noun/-ing 3. Be about to-ближайшее 4. Be on the point of+V-ing- future 5. Verb+of+ing (auticipate, consider, think) 6
53638] ref|ZP_00921264.1| COG0149: Triosephosphate isomerase [Shigella dysenteriae 1012] ref|ZP_00924873.1| COG0149: Triosephosphate isomerase [Escherichia coli 101-1] Length=249 96% sarnasus esines: Järelikult Salmonella vastava valgu järjestus pole täpselt identne võrreldud järjestusega, kuid on väga sarnane. ref|YP_153001.1| triosephosphate isomerase [Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. ATCC 9150] ref|YP_001591179.1| hypothetical protein SPAB_05055 [Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B str. SPB7] ref|ZP_02349944.1| hypothetical protein Sententeri_08764 [Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT_02021853] ref|ZP_02652409.1| hypothetical protein Sententeric_15496 [Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana str. GA_MM04042433] ref|ZP_02701262.1| hypothetical protein Saentericaenterica_24714 [Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL317] ref|ZP_02833567
Grammar point Made by Nikolai Hodosevich Conditional mood The conditional mood is the form of the verb used in conditional sentences to refer to a hypothetical state of affairs. Conditional verb forms can also have temporal uses, often for expressing "future in the past" tense. Condition sentences are often entered with conjunction IF Real events Structure: Additional clause Present Indefinite Main clause Future Indefinite If I have a lot of money, I will buy a car , Almost unreal events *In additional and main clauses usually use
) NOTE: With type 1 conditionals we can use unless + affirmative verb (= if + negative verb). E.g., I will not be able to come unless Joe gives me a lift. (= If Joe does not give me a lift, ...) Provided that/providing that are synonyms for if that can be used with type 1 conditionals. 2 Second conditional (unreal present) If-clause past simple/past continuous; Main clause conditional tense (would, could, might + present bare infinitive) Used to talk about the consequences of a hypothetical action (imaginary situations that are contrary to facts in the present, and therefore are unlikely to happen in the present or the future). E.g., If I wrote my essay this afternoon, I would have time to go out tonight. (It is still morning, but I think it is less likely that I will do this.) We can use either was or were for I, he, she, it in the if-clause. We can also use the structure If I were you... to give advice. E.g., If I were you, I would tell her the truth.
/ I’ll phone you if I hear any news. The Zero Conditional expresses conditions that are always true and have automatic or habitual results: If you heat ice, it melts. The Present Simple is used in both clauses. 2 B. Unreal Conditionals Unreal Conditionals refer to situations that are untrue or imagined, have not happened or are only remotely likely to happen. The Second Conditional expresses a hypothetical condition and its probable result: If I had time, I would help you. (=but I don’t have time, so I cannot do it) In the if-clause we use the Past Simple, in the main clause would + the verb. We can also use the Past Continuous in the if-clause and could or might in the main clause: If Jim was playing his guitar, we could not enjoy the silence. Sometimes were is used instead of was, especially in the clause if I were you: If I were you, I wouldn’t eat so much.
political relevance, public inclusiveness, quantitative technique, narrative, openness of communication, and more—while recovering lost emphases from the past. The present essay is a first step in identifying useful elements of a new paradigm for addressing the future in planning. CORE ANALYTICAL CONCEPTS-Projection, Forecast and Plan. A projection is not a prediction but merely the result of entering hypothetical assumptions into a mechanistic quantitative procedure. A forecast represents a best guess about the future, achieved by adding judgment about the most likely future rates of behavior and other assumptions. Part of the judgment required for a forecast includes decision making about the quality of input data and what type of analytical model provides the most realistic results. Finally, a plan requires evaluation of the forecasted future for its level of desirability and potential alterability
and legislators. And now his theory of is the one that is known for justifying torture (Verplaetse, 2008). Since 9/11 and the following fight against terrorism it became clear that the Bush administration thought of torture as something justifiable while it goes against all possible agreed upon treaties and conventions. One could indeed possibly think of situations that could serve as an exception to the prohibition of torture but these hypothetical situations can hardly relate to real situations. The ticking bomb argument looks at the hypothetical case where a leader of a state is asked to give their permission to torture a captured rebel leader because he (probably) knows the locations of a few explosives that are spread around the city in different apartment buildings. In case they are not found within 24 hours, they will explode and many will be left dead (Walzer, 1973). Is it justified to torture this person to find out
and absolute government by arguing that peoples' destiny should be determined by majority will. In Locke's view this can only be achieved by what he defines as limited government, an overarching framework which allows the people to amend or even dissolve a legislature if it is perceived to break the trust placed in it by the majority. In order to understand the emergence of societies and the concept of limited government it is useful first to explore Locke's hypothetical scenario of what it was like before these existed. Locke claims man lived in a state of nature and that each individual was born equal into a ...state of perfect freedom to order their actions... Locke (1821, p. 189). Within a state of nature Locke proposes that men were originally their own lawmakers and judges, acting upon and within their own systems of belief. At a minimal level this meant that man did not have a right to take either his
Aspect and voice distinctions are not characteristic of the imperative mood. But cf.: Get elected, and then we can talk about changing foreign policy `let + infinitive': Let him finish his dinner. You take it away. The imperative mood resembles the infinitive in form and meaning. As to the meaning, the imperative mood does not express action, only urges the person to fulfil an action. The infinitive names the action. 3. The subjunctive mood: It expresses unreal or hypothetical actions or states. They may be viewed as desired, necessary, possible, supposed, imaginary or contradicting reality. The subjuncitve mood in modern English is generally an optional and stylistically somewhat marked variant of other constructions. A passive subjunctive is a possibility for all types: God be praised! It would be odd if she were awarded the first prize. Negation: It is essential that this mission not fail. [does not fail indicative]
EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks
aluse tööstuslikule pöördele 18. sajandil. James Watt ei olnud küll aurumasina leiutaja, kuid täiustatud ja väga tootliku aurumasina autor. 1775. aastal hakkas ta koos inglise ettevõtja Matthew Boultoniga aurumasinaid tootma. Söekaevandustes ei pidanud inimesed enam sütt kottidega maa peale tassima, sest selle töö tegi nüüd ära ajam, mille pani käima Watti aurumasin. Tema auks on saanud nime võimsuse mõõtühik vatt. Carnot Clapeyron A Carnot heat engine[2] is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle. The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824. The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoit Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in the 1850s and 60s from which the concept of entropy emerged. Püüdes määrata erinevate gaaside konstante, avastas Clapeyron 1834. a., et kui võtta gaasi hulk
tk ja väljund ehk aksoneid 1tk mis on teada neuronite Eksamühendus(suhtlus)viisidest. – Elektrisignaalid aksonis: kodeeritud pulsijadadena, mille ajastus ja sagedus kannab informatsiooni • Keemilised signaalid: väga suur hulk erinevaid • Saadavad teistele neuronitele RNA-d edasi, st programmeerivad neid ümber • Neuroni elektriväli mõjutab naabreid Mis on Jennifer EksamAnistoni Eksamneuron - hypothetical neuron that represents a complex but specific concept or object. It activates when a person "sees, hears, or otherwise sensibly discriminates" a specific entity, such as his or her grandmother. Peegelneuronid Eksam- EksamAvastus, et hulk meie neuroneid, mis aktiveeruvad mingi tegevuse juures, aktiveeruvad samuti, kui näevad teist ahvi / inimest sama tegevust tegemas. grid Eksamcells
kommi. Ta ei kavatsegi kommi anda, teades, et sellist vajadust ei tekigi. Selliste lausete analüüsiga tegelevad tänapäevased loogikad, klassikalise loogika alla need ei mahu. (Probleemi võite lähemalt uurida, kasutades otsinguks märksõna ,,counterfactual conditional", nt käsitletakse sealjuures olukordi, kus väär alus võib olla tõsi mingites võimalikes maailmades) Tingiv süllogism ehk hüpoteetiline süllogism (ik hypothetical syllogism) on süllogism, mille suurem eeldus on kindlasti tingiv väide ning väiksem eeldus võib olla tingiv väide. Püsimaks kooskõlas põhiõpikuga, kasutame enamasti terminit tingiv väide ning süllogismi kohta ütleme hüpoteetiline süllogism edasipidi siis, kui mõlemad eeldused on tingivad väited (ik on see: pure hypothetical syllogism). Järgnevalt vajame veel kahte sümbolit: loogiline järeldumine, nt: p eeldustest järeldub loogiliselt p;
dissociation of the electrolyte and extrapolation to infinite dilution. However, in practice it is often substantially different, because the socalled effective mobility, in many cases highly dependent on the pH and composition of the used buffer. The distinction between absolute and effective mobility is explained in Fig. 2. There are shown two hypothetical solution, which on complete dissociation of the electrolyte, i.e. when α (degree of dissociation)=1 have the same mobility μ. Fig. 2: Mobility of two weak acids as a function of pH 6
Selgem ülevaade kui palju projektist valmis on Prototüüpimise viisid Seinatehnika ja prototüübikaust paber, pliiats või tahvel või fotoaparaat. Passiivsed kuvad eraldi dokumentides (failides) - Olemasolev rakendus ja ,,Paint", Excel, Visio, jne Infosüsteemi prototüüplahendused Prototüübimootorid, Lihtsamad HTML või klient-server rakendused 5. loeng Mudelid ja modelleerimine What is a model? A hypothetical , Simplified description of a complex entity or process. "A model should be as complex as it needs, but not more complex", David Lorge Parnas What features - Are important? - Can be ignored? UML: The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose modeling language in the field of software engineering, which is designed to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. Tarkvaraprotsessi etapid 1) Nõuete esiletoomine ja analüüs
2 Is Strawson's critique more persuasive than I have granted? Develop it a bit further against Russell. 3 To what extent does the theory correctly predict and explain the entire use of "the" in English? 4 What do you make of Donnellan's distinction? Can it be rendered more precise? Try to refine the intuitive contrast with which Donnellan begins. 5 Dispute or defend any of Donnellan's interesting intuitive judgements about "actual referents" in particular hypothetical speech situations. Then comment on the significance, for Donnellan's program, of your own position on such a case. 6 Donnellan regards his article as a contribution to the RussellStrawson dispute. But he does not say much in the article about the four puzzles with which that whole issue began. Does his theory, as you construe it, solve any or all of the four puzzles? 7 Can you help Russell extend his theory to cover our examples of ana- phora
The intrinsic values were used to model the expected signal ITS region. intensities for different frameshift (or phase shift [13]) combina- tions, depicting the mixture containing various amounts of 2. Repeatability and robustness of the method sequences of different length due to indel events in the specific 2.1. Repeatability of the results obtained using the region. Signal intensities from these simulations of hypothetical proportion model. The first experiments to test the repeat- combinations were compared to the information obtained by ability of the method were performed using a single DNA direct sequencing and the best fitting situation was established; this extraction from young sponges grown in vitro from about a defined the relative contents of particular length variants in the thousand gemmules of the specimen V2 as an example. The amplicon
of peak radiation to that of an isotropic source. Antenna gain is more commonly quoted than directivity in an antenna's specification sheet because it takes into account the actual losses that occur. Asjalikum seletus : Antenna gain indicates how strong a signal an antenna can send or receive in a specified direction. Gain is calculated by comparing the measured power transmitted or received by the antenna in a specific direction to the power transmitted or received by a hypothetical ideal antenna in the same situation. Pv = Ps ∙ Gs ∙ Gv / FSL Gs on saatja antenni võimendus [kordades] Gv on vastuvõtja antenni võimendus [kordades] Pv on vastuvõtja sisendvõimsus ühikuteks [mW] või [W] saatja võimsus Ps [dBm] FSL on vaba ruumi kadu (free space loss) [kordades] 23. Mis on erinevus ühikutel dBi ja dBd antennide võimenduse näitamisel Antenna gain is then a measure of the amount of focus that an antenna can apply to
p q, ¬p q; p q ¬q, p. EG Existential Generalization (olemasolukvantori lisamine) p{x/c} x p. EI Existential Instantiation (olemasolukvantori eemaldamine) x p p{x/w}. Equiv Equivalence (ekvivalents disjunktiivsel normaalkujul) p q [(p & q) (¬p & ¬q)]. Exp Exportation (implikatsiooni väljaviimine) [(p & q) r] [p (q r)]. HS Hypothetical Syllogism (hüpoteetiline süllogism) p q, q r p r. Impl Implication (implikatsiooni lahtikirjutamine) p q ¬p q. IP Indirect Proof (kaudne tõestus) (G, ¬p q & ¬q) p. MP Modus Ponens (jaatav moodus) p q, p q. MT Modus Tollens (eitav moodus) p q, ¬q ¬p. Red Redundancy (liiasuse reegel) p p p; p p & p. Simp Simplification (lihtsustamine)
p ≡ ¬¬p. DS – Disjunctive Syllogism (disjunktiivne süllogism) p ∨ q, ¬p ⊢ q; p ∨ q ¬q, ⊢ p. EG – Existential Generalization (olemasolukvantori lisamine) p{x/c} ⊢ ∃x p. EI – Existential Instantiation (olemasolukvantori eemaldamine) ∃x p ⊢ p{x/w}. Equiv – Equivalence (ekvivalents disjunktiivsel normaalkujul) p↔q ≡ [(p & q) ∨ (¬p & ¬q)]. Exp – Exportation (implikatsiooni väljaviimine) [(p & q) → r] ≡ [p → (q→ r)]. HS – Hypothetical Syllogism (hüpoteetiline süllogism) p → q, q → r ⊢ p → r. Impl – Implication (implikatsiooni lahtikirjutamine) p → q ≡ ¬p ∨ q. IP – Indirect Proof (kaudne tõestus) (G, ¬p ⊢ q & ¬q) ⇒p. MP – Modus Ponens (jaatav moodus) p → q, p ⊢ q. MT – Modus Tollens (eitav moodus) p → q, ¬q ⊢ ¬p. Red – Redundancy (liiasuse reegel) p ≡ p ∨ p; p ≡ p & p. Simp – Simplification (lihtsustamine) p & q ⊢ p; p & q ⊢ q.
● Scrum Sprint backlog items must fit in a Sprint, while Kanban can have long running items ● Kanban daily meetings focus on changes on the board, while Kanban focuses on assignments of each person ((yesterday, today, problems) ● Scrum estimates and measures progress, while this is optional in Kanban 134. Mis on mudel? Kus kasutatakse? Milleks on mudeleid vaja? Mudel : ● A hypothetical, simplified description of a complex entity or process ● “A model should be as complex as it needs, but not more complex”, David Lorge Parnas ● What features (reaalsest maailmast)... 70 ○ are important? ○ can be ignored? Mudeli näited : ● A model of the solar system
Explanation: How it works? Let us assume that we have the stock that pays 2 EUR dividend forever without any growth. The correct price (given CAPM) should be 2/18.5% = 10.81EUR 32 Now if the actual price is 10EUR (2/20% = 10) in the market, this stock is under-priced and should be bought. In addition: In the seminar we also discussed a hypothetical example: given the stock is correctly priced (also estimated return would be 18.5%), should the investment fund buy the stock or not. The action that should be taken by the investment fund manager now depends on his expectations about the future. The beta of the fund is low initially. If the manager expects markets to move up, it would be a good idea to increase the beta (e.g. systematic risk) of the fund in order to earn higher yield. 1. Ülesanne
analysis is labeled qualitative research." why" · Deduktiivne, muutujate (Rynes and Gephart, 2004) · Selgitav, ,,seek to explain research vahelised seosed, observations by providing well- ,,hypothetical-deductive · Triangulatsioon mitme meetodi kooskasutus . "The involvement of substantiated conceptual insights model that uncovers more than one research strategy or approach indicates that reveal how broad concepts and triangulation". theories operate in particular cases" important relationships
starch, or from cheese and crackers. Too many calories are just too many calories. starch, or from cheese and crackers. Too many calories are just too many calories. --Fred Stare, founder and former chair of the Harvard University Nutrition Department The above statement is so ridiculous as to defy belief, but let's take a look at the issue through a more rational lens: hypothetical scenarios. Scenario #1: Two male identical twins eat the exact same meals for 30 days. The only difference: one of the subjects just finished a strong course of antibiotics and now lacks sufficient good bacteria for full digestion. Will the body composition outcomes be the same? Of course not. Rule #1: It's not what you put in your mouth that matters, it's what makes it to your bloodstream. If it passes through, it doesn't count.
individuals. The placement of white maintains the same configuration in all successive generations. This has been termed "Spotting Particolour" and may be due to an allele (variant) of the White Spotting gene. According to this theory, the White Spotting gene appears to have 4 variants: non-spotted, spotted, particolor, and Birman mitted. Spotted is the dominant form and is variable expressed. Non-spotted is the recessive wild-type and produces a coat without white. The hypothetical Birman allele (or Birman mitted) is also variable, but confines the white spotting to the legs and feet. The hypothetical Particolour allele produces an inverted white "V" with the apex in the centre of the forehead and passing through the centres of the eyes plus a white chin, chest, belly, legs and feet are white. Particolour is also variable and its least expression may be a white locket or white spot on the forehead
noid to open a valve, some number of degrees after the interrupt occurs. The 20° interrupts will occur 3.3 ms apart if the wheel spins at 1000 rpm, and 666 mS apart if the wheel spins at 5000 RPM. If the processor uses a timer to measure the rotation speed (time between interrupts), and if the timer runs at 1 MHz, then the timer will increment 3300 counts between interrupts at 1000 RPM, and 666 counts at 5000 RPM. Say that the CPU has to open our hypothetical solenoid when the wheel has rotated 5° past one of the interrupts, as shown in Figure 1.2. The formula for calculating the timer value (how much must be added to the current count for a 5° delay) looks like this: Timer increment value = 5 degrees delay ¥ Number of timer counts per interrupt 20 degrees interrupt So at 1000 RPM, the 5° delay is 825 timer counts, and at 5000 RPM, the delay is 166 counts
Navy uses it. This is a remarkable longevity. So important is his system that it confers upon Jefferson the title of Father of American Cryptography. [Codebreakers 117.jpg] Charles Wheatstone had a remarkably fertile mind. He constructed an electric telegraph before Morse did, invented the concertina, improved the dynamo, studied underwater telegraphy, produced some of the first stereoscopic drawings, published half a dozen papers on acoustics, discussed phonetics and hypothetical speaking machines in print, conducted numerous electrical experiments, and popularized a method for the extremely accurate measurement of electrical resistance now in frequent use and called the "Wheatstone bridge." His work was highly enough regarded for him to be elected a fellow of the Royal Society and to be knighted. He was nominally professor of experimental philosophy at King's College, London, but was so excessively shy that he hardly ever actually lectured.
" I wondered if my convoluted questions even made sense. "Hypothetically?" he asked. "Sure." "Well, if... that someone..." "Let's call him 'Joe,'" I suggested. He smiled wryly. "Joe, then. If Joe had been paying attention, the timing wouldn't have needed to be quite so exact." He shook his head, rolling his eyes. "Only you could get into trouble in a town this small. You would have devastated their crime rate statistics for a decade, you know." "We were speaking of a hypothetical case," I reminded him frostily. He laughed at me, his eyes warm. "Yes, we were," he agreed. "Shall we call you 'Jane'?" "How did you know?" I asked, unable to curb my intensity. I realized I was leaning toward him again. He seemed to be wavering, torn by some internal dilemma. His eyes locked with mine, and I guessed he was making the decision right then whether or not to simply tell me the truth. "You can trust me, you know," I murmured. I reached forward, without thinking, to touch his
contributions from fans who feel they own it. A n d we are entitled to wonder if someday, perhaps in a universe far, far away, one version of the original scheme will ever be realized, one that called not only for three prequel films, but also three sequels, presumably Episodes VII, VIII, and IX, that m i g h t deal with the fur ther adventures o f Luke, Leia, and H a n Solo, and perhaps their descendants or students. It w o u l d be interesting to see, in that hypothetical universe, how the perspective o f the creator m i g h t mellow, perhaps producing a tone completely different from those o f the first six films, in a future where humans will have to make ever more difficult choices about the Force and the god-like possibilities of technology. H a v i n g explored idealized goodness in the first three films, and the roots o f evil in the prequels, Lucas and his successors m i g h t find a synthesis in a
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