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Arina Avdejeva Dream
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............................................................ 2 B. Unreal Conditionals ......................................................... 3 Linking words used in Conditionals ...................................... 4 Conditionals Conditions deal with imagined situations: some are possible, some are unlikely, some are impossible. A. Real Conditionals Real Conditionals refer to situations that are true, have happened, generally happen or are likely to happen. The First Conditional expresses a possible condition and a probable result: If I have time, I will help you. In the if-clause we use the Present Simple, in the main clause will + the verb. We can also use the Present Continuous or Perfect in the if-clause and a Modal Verb in the main clause. If we are having a party tomorrow, we shouldn’t go out tonight. If you have finished with the computer, you should turn it off. It can also be used in offers and suggestions, or warnings and threats.
Conditionals Sentences with if are used to express possibilities. 0 Zero conditional If-clause present (past) simple Main clause present (past) simple Sometimes sentences with if express certainty rather than possibility. The zero conditional is used to talk about sth. that is always true (such as a scientific fact), or that was always true in the past. In this type of conditional we can use when instead of if. E.g., If/When you mix blue and red, you get purple. If/When you don't water flowers, they die. (present simple in both parts of the sentence) If/When I asked her to come with us, she always said no. (past simple in both parts of the sentence) 1 First conditional If-clause present simple; Main clause future tense (or: can, must, may, etc., + bare infinitive) Used to talk about the consequences of a possible action (a real or very probable situation in the
I. Inherent categories for verbs: - tense: He walks a mile every day. He walked a mile every day Grammaticalized expression of location in time. The Wishram-Wasco dialect of Chinook: 4 inflectional past tenses ga-ciux `He did it some time ago' ni-cíux `He did it long ago.' na-ciúxw-a `He did it recently.' i-cíux `He just did it.' - aspect: He was writing a letter to Tom. He has written a letter to Tom. - mood: He goes to Tallinn tomorrow. He would go to Tallinn tomorrow if he had time. German: the subjunctive Wenn du Zucker hättest, könnten wir jetzt Tee trinken. `If you had sugar, we could drink tea now.' English: They demanded that he leave the room. If I were you, I wouldn't buy this car. - transitivity: sleep, kiss Manam (a Kairiru-Manam language; Malalyo-Polynesian) dang i- aka- gita i water be hot `he heated the water' II
clause. If i have enough time, i can visit you. Unreal conditions (Type II) These sentences describe what the speaker thinks would possibly happen in an imaginary situation. If I saw a ghost, I would be scared. If I had wings, I could fly. We can give advice with If I were you. If I were you wouldn’t do that NOTE We normally use were instead of was in conditional sentences. I’d go to the cinema, if i weren’t so tired. Ekke Kaha WISHES We use the verb wish when we want to say that we would like something to be different in the present. We use the past simple, as in unreal conditional sentence, to make a wish about present.We can also use could/was able to. I wish i could run really fast.
The house has been cleaned since you left. Past perfect: The house had been cleaned before their arrival. Future: The house will be cleaned next week. Future continuous: The house will be being cleaned tomorrow. 11. Conditional sentences: Three types of conditional sentences: 1.) First Conditional Type 1: if + present + future The first conditional (also called conditional type 1) is a structure used for talking about possibilities in the present or in the future. If I have time, I will travel to London Kui mul on aega, reisin ma Londonisse 2.) Second Conditional Type 2: if + past + conditional The second conditional (also called conditional type 2) is a structure used for talking about unreal
example: He walked a mile. He walks a mile every day. → Aspect (Aspect has nothing to do with the location or with the point of utterance but how the event is taken place (whether its completed or still in progress). Aspect can be complete (I finished my homework) or progressive → For example: He was writing a letter to Tom. → Mood (It allows speakers to express their attitude towards what they are saying). Most common moods that are also in Estonian, are: Indicative (kindel kõneviis) – I am going home. Imperative (käskiv kõneviis) – Go home! Subjunctive (tingiv kõneviis) – I should go home.
First Conditional: A real possibility in the future A First Conditional sentence is for future actions dependent on the result of another future action or event, where there is a reasonable possibility of the conditions for the action being satisfied. Formation: if + present simple, + will For example: If she gets good grades, she will go to university. We are talking about the future, but we use a present tense for the condition and will for the result. In this case, the person is sure about going to university. We can use other modal verbs in the result part of the sentence. For example: I Condition Result Possibility F she gets good she will go to If the condition is met, then she definitely If grades, university. will go he gets good he may go to
22 5. Timetables Making travel arrangements · I'd like to find out about ......................... · Do you have any information on ...........? · I'm inquiring about ........................... · I'd like a .................. ticket to .........., please. · Do I have to change? · I'd like to book a ........................................ 23 MODULE 7 Countries, languages. Future forms. Conditional sentences. e.. Countries and languages Complete the following country and nationality sets: Country Nationality Cuba C .......... M .......... Moroccan Argentina A ........... E .......... Egyptian Italy I .......... Hungary H ......
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