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Ernst Julius Öpik (0)

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  • Ernst Julius Öpik was born in Oct. 23 1893 in Kunda, Estonia. He was a noted Estonian astronomer and astrophysicst.  He went to  University of Moscow  to specialize in the study of minor bodies, such as asteroids, comets, andmeteors. He completed his doctorate at the University of Tartu.
  • After 4 years at Moscow Observatory he became Director of the Astronomy Department. From 1921-1944 he was an Associate Professor at Tartu University, and from 1930-34 visiting scientist at Harvard University. 
  • Öpik was one of the most outstanding astrophysicists of his generation, with wide -ranging interests in the physical sciences. Among his many pioneering discoveries were:the first computation of the density of a degenerate body , named the white dwarf ; the first accurate determination of the distance of an extragalactic object ( Andromeda Nebula ;the prediction of the existence of a cloud of cometary bodies encircling the Solar System, later known as the " Oort Cloud“;the first composite theoretical models of dwarf stars like the Sun which showed how they evolve into giants;a new theory of the origin of the Ice Ages .
  • Öpik made many contributions to our knowledge of the minor bodies of the Solar System and founded the meteor research group at Harvard. His statistical studies of Earth-crossing comets and asteroids are fundamental to our understanding of the motions of these objects and how they impact on Earth.
  • In 1916 Öpik published article in Astrophysical Journal where he estimates the densities of visual binary stars.
    In 1922, Ernst Öpik published a paper where he estimated the distance of the Andromeda Galaxy. Using a novel and simple astrophysical method , he determined the distance as 450 kpc. His result was in good accordance with other estimates of these days and his method is still widely used.
    In 1951 he published a paper concerning the  triple -alpha process , describing the burning of helium-4 into carbon-12 in the cores of red giant stars. However , this achievement is often overlooked because  Edwin Salpeter's paper on the same subject had already been published by the time Öpik's paper reached Britain and the United States.[3]
    In 1972, Öpik published a very important piece on the origin of the Moon by capture in the Irish Astronomical Journal. He included breakup and re- assembly of rings into which the Moon was broken .
  • The  asteroid  2099 Öpik is named in his honour . The crater  Öpik on the Martian moon Phobos is also named after him.
  • ERNST JULIUS ÖPIK
    • Born in 23 October 1893
    • Noted Estonian astronomer and astrophysicst.
    • University of Moscow ; the study of minor bodies
    • Doctorate at the University of Tartu
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