Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Ajavormid ja nende kasutamine". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
minevik, present, live, olevik, perfect, year, ajavormi, ajamäärused, goes, usually, often, never, lihtolevik, simple, lihtminevik, went, yesterday, years, shall, lihttulevik, tomorrow, later, 2050, kaudses, pealause, rääkimise, came, while, today, already, täisminevik, enneminevikSIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT I (-s) DO/DOES AM/IS/ARE + ING HAVE/HAS + III pv. I learn English I am learning English I have learned English. I get up at 7 every day. I'm reading a good book at the I've learned 10 words today. He doesn't get up at 7. moment. He hasn't learned any new What time do you get up? He isn't reading anything at the words today. moment. How many words have you What are you reading at the learned today? moment? 1 Korduv tegevus. 1 Praegu toimuv. 1 Äsja lõppenud 2 Püsiv olukord
THE TENSES AJAVORMID JA NENDE KASUTAMINE AJAVORMI NIMETUS MOODUSTAMINE KASUTAMINE; SAGEDAMINI ESINEVAD AJAMÄÄRUSED THE PRESENT SIMPLE I pv. (+ s); do/does + I pv. Tegevus toimub korduvalt, on harjumuspärane. püsiv olukord, ajagraafikutega seotud tulevik Lihtolevik live, goes every day, usually, often, sometimes, always THE PAST SIMPLE II pv.; did + I pv. Tegevus toimub minevikus. Lihtminevik lived, went yesterday, last week two years ago, in 1998 THE FUTURE SIMPLE be going to/ will + I pv. Tegevus toimub tulevikus. Lihttulevik will go/ won´t tomorrow, next week, soon, later, in 2012
AJAVORMID JA NENDE MOODUSTAMINE AJAVORMI NIMETUS MOODUSTAMINE KASUTAMINE, SAGEDAMINI ESINEVAD AJAMÄÄRUSED THE PRESENT I pv; do/does + I Tegevus toimub korduvalt, on harjumuspärane SIMPLE live, goes twice a week, every day, usually, often, sometimes, always THE PAST (+) II pv; did + I Tegevus toimub minevikus SIMPLE lived, went yesterday, last week, two years ago, in 1996 THE FUTURE (shall)/will + I Tegevus toimub tulevikus, on üksteisele järgnev SIMPLE pv tomorrow, next week, soon, later, in 2025
Affirmative tense Use Signal Words /Negative/Question · always · action in the present taking place Simple Present A: He speaks. · every ... once, never or several times N: He does not speak. tegevus, mis toimub ühe korra, mitte · never Lihtolevik Q: Does he speak? · normally kunagi või mitu korda
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7 Eessõnad 7
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3
pv will not = won't Tunnused lauses: Lihtminevik. Keegi tegi Tunnused lauses: Tunnused lauses: midagi. Jutt käib tavalisest, Lihttulevik. Ennustused. yesterday, last harjumuspärasest Lubadused. Hetkeotsused (summer), (five years) tegevusest. (rääkimise hetkel ago, in 1987, etc. always, sometimes, sündivad). usually, often, every tomorrow, next (week), (day), etc. in 10 minutes, in 2050, soon, etc. Past Progressive Present Progressive Future Progressive Tegusõna on esitatud Tegusõna on esitatud Tegusõna on esitatud kujul kujul kujul will be _______ing
PRESENT PAST TENSES FUTURE TENSES TENSES minevik tulevik olevik Present Simple Past Simple Future Simple lihtolevik Lihtminevik Lihttulevik I You + I põhivorm + II pv We ? , - Do + I pv. ?, - Did + I pv Will + I põhivorm They He + I põhivorm + S Tegevus tulevikus, mis ei She ?,- Does + I pv Lõpetatud tegevus ole ettekavatsetud
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year, II pv(-ed)+ did Was/ were + III pv Had/got + sth + III pv
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
Present Simple (lihtolevik) Abitegusõnu do, does kasutatakse ainult + 1.põhivorm + (e)s he, she, it eitavates ja küsilausetes. - do (does) + not + 1.põhivorm ? do (does) + 1.põhivorm Väljendab: Korduvat tegevust, püsivat olukorda, sõiduplaanide jms. Seotud tulevikku Spikkrisõnad: always, sometimes, seldom, often, usually, once a week, twice a day, every day, on Mondays Present Continuous (kestev olevik) Be(am, is, are), kasutatakse jaatavates, + be (am, is, are) + 1.põhivorm ing eitavates ja küsilausetes. - be (am, is, are) + not+ 1.põhivorm -ing ? be (am, is, are) + 1.põhivorm ing Väljendab: Praegu toimuvat tegevust, praeguse momendi vältel toimuvat tegevust, ettekavatsetud tegevus tulevikus
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT SIMPLE CONTINIOUS PERFECT PERFECT CONTINUOUS SIMPLE CONTINUOUS SIMPLE CONTINUOUS Lihtolevik Kestev olevik Täisminevik Kestev Lihtminevik Kestev minevik Enneminevik Kestev täisminevik enneminevik I pv Am/is/are, I pv, Has/have, III Has/have, II pv, -ed Was/were, -ing Had, III pv Had, been, -ing -ing pv/-ed been, -ing
every day (week, month, (Lihtolevik: Ma käin he, she, it } I-s he, she, it } does not + I 2) When does he go to year) koolis.) ex: I go to school. school? always often She goes to school. ! Who goes to school? sometimes usually once a week Past Simple II / -ed did not + I 1) Did they go to the shop? yesterday (Lihtminevik: Ma käisin) 2) What did you buy? every week (month, year) ex: You went to school
TEGUSÕNA PASSIIVI AJAD Present Present Simple Continuous Present Perfect AM + BEING + III HAVE/HAS + BEEN + OLEVIK AM/IS/ARE + III pv pv III pv nt. I am often invited to nt.She is being nt. They have been parties. manipulated. silenced by her sharp tongue. Passiivi
Inglise keeles Eesti keeles + -/? Usage Näited 1. Present Simple Lihtolevik I ajavorm Do, don't, does, doesn't A permanent state, a generally Every day, always, often, (He, she, it + -s) known fact, usual or repeated usually, sometimes, rarely,
He works He don't work Does he work PRESENT CONTINUOUS [ is + ing] kestev olevik · tegevused, mis praegu leiavad aset. Karl is doing his homework at the moment. · plaanitud tegevus lähitulevikus. I am going to school tomorrow. · kui midagi toimub/muutub praegu. The number of burglaries is increasing. · alati sama korduv tegevus. You are always eating, when i wake up. väljendid, mida kasutatakse: now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowdays, still, today, tonight etc. He is working He isn't working Is he working PRESENT PERFECT [have/has + ed] täisolevik · algab minevikus ja kestab siiani · just lõpetatud tegevus, mille tegevused ilmuvad olevikus · teadmata aeg, kui midagi on minevikus juhtunud. väljendid, mida kasutatakse: for, since, already, always, just ever, never, so far, today, this week/month etc, how long, lately, recently, still, etc. He has worked He hasn't worked Has he worked
Present twice a week toimuv, seotud · things in general infinitive he works Simple always, often sõiduplaanidega · after the following verbs (to love, he/she/it + s I go lihtolevik usually, he goes seldom to hate, to think, etc.) · future meaning: timetables, programmes *praegu toimuv Present Now · something is happening at the *praeguse be (am/are/ I'm working
MOODUSTAMINE ABITEGUSÕNAD AJAMÄÄRUSED AEGADE Et moodustada eitavat, küsilauset NIHE KAUDSES KÕNES AJAVORM Present Simple Tegusõna I põhivorm Always, often, usually, Lihtolevik (algvorm) do sometimes, seldom, does every .... , once a year, he / she / it +s twice a month ...... Past Simple Tegusõna II põhivorm did Yesterday, ..... ago, Lihtminevik (+ ed) last night / week / .....
Inglise keele ajavormid: 5. Õppeaasta Ajavorm Tähendus Vormid Abisõnad Present Continuous Kestev olevik am Look! Listen! Now! At (Present Progressive) BE is +ING the moment. At the are present. Present Simple Üldolevik He, she, it + S Always, usually (Indefinite) They, we, you, I (s) Sometimes, every ?does (he, she, it) (s) often Do (they, we, you, I) (s) Past Simple Lihtminevik II pv/ -ed Last, yesterday, ago ?Did + I pv (ed) In 1950 -Didn´t +I pv (ed)
I make I do not make Do I make? He/she/it speaks He/she/it does not speak Does he/she/it speak? We/you/they go We/you/they do not go Do we/you/they go? NB! ERANDID! · Verbidele, mis lõpevad ss, h, ch, tch, x või oga, lisatakse ainsuse kolmdandas pöördes es. he does he goes he misses he watches he mixes · Verbid, mis lõpevad yga, mille ees on konsonant, muudavad y iks enne es lisamist. fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kestvat aega, näiteks see, hear, know. I see that man who you are pointing at.
Past Tenses • Lihtminevik (Past Simple / Past Indefinite) – ära toimunud, lõpetatud tegevus • Kestev minevik (Past Progressive / Past Continuous) – minevikus pooleli olnud tegevus • Enneminevik !!! (Past Perfect) – minevik enne minevikku OLI -NUD • Kestev enneminevik (Past Perfect Progressive) – enne minevikku äsja lõppenud või toimumas olnud tegevus Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT:
Eevery day/month/ year/once twice a week /often/ usually/ always/seldom/never. Tulevikku väljendades pärast: when, after, as soon as, until. Olekut väljendavate tegusõnadega: Like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore; See, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound; Know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, notice, recognise, think, seem; Be, contain, include, belong, need, cost, mean, want, have, wish, own. He/she/it + -s /Does I/you/we sama /Do Present Continuous Kestev olevik: Tegevus toimub praegu. Tegevus toimub lähiajal. Ajutine olukord. Plaanid ja kokkulepped lähitulevikus. Koos "Always" väljendamaks häirivaid harjumusi või sageli toimuvat tegevust. Am/is/are + (always) -ing Present Perfect Täis minevik: Tegevus või olek/olukord minevikus, millel on seos olevikuga. Kui mingi tegevuse olukorra tagajärjed on praegu näha. Korduv tegevus minevikus, kui lauses on nt: often, rarely, seldom, already, before, ever, never, recently, still, yet. ..
,,I met him yesterday" 2. Used To, mineviku harjumused. ,,I used to play tennis." Past Continius (kestev minevik) was/were + ing Kasutus: When, while, as Tegevus: 1. ajutised sündmused. 2. 2 või enam tegevust ,,While i was reading, he was garding." 3. minevikus katkestatud tegevus ,,I was having a shower, when the phone rang." 4. konktreetne kellaaeg minevikus ,, I was watching TV yesterday at 5!" Present Perfect (täisminevik,olevikuaeg) have/has + III pv. Kasutus: Never, ever, already, yet, before, since, for. Tegevus: 1. tegevused alg. Minevik -> now ,,I have been a teacher for 5 years." 2. mineviku situatsiooni resultaat olevikus ,,I have lost my purse." 3. kogemused ,,Have you been in USA?" Have Gone Have Been Go Verbid: She has gone to Austria ( Ta läks Austriasse.) She has been to Austria ( Ta on käinud Austrias.)
PRESENT SIMPLE (lihtolevik) Form: 1st form (+s) Use: 1. Things in general. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 2. Things that happen all the time or repeatedly. She usually goes away at weekends. 3. Laws of nature (things that are true in general). The sun rises in the east. 4. Timetable events. The train leaves at 6.50 p.m. Negative form: I don't (do not) normally eat my lunch here. He doesn't (does not) like this film at all. Question form: Do you live here? How often does it rain around here? Signal words: always, every day/month, never, normally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually etc.
Present simple Work/works, do/does Every, often,usually,always,sometimes,once,twice, at weekends Püsiv ja korduv tegevus Tulevikus toimub tegevus, mis on seotud graafikute, sõiduplaanidega, tunniplanid Üleüldised tõed ja loodusseadused Kui midagi kommenteeritakse - tv Present continius am, is, are working be vormi abil tehakse now, at the moment, look, listen, hurry up just praegu toimub tegevus praegusel perioodil toimuv tegevus kõige kindlam tulevik ettekavatsetud tulevik Present perfect Have, has worked 3pv Eitavaid, küs have / has Ever, never, for, since, already, yet, today, this week / month / yrear Äsja lõppenud tegevus, millele visatakse pilk peale Tükk aega varem toimunud tegevus (eesti keeles nud) Elavate inimeste puhul kui tahame öelda, mida on oma elus teinud Present Prefect continius have has been working for, all, since, lately, recently tegevus algas minevikus, aga rõhutatakse, et parajasti nüüd kestab ta ikka edasi she has been working all morning
+ I pv ((e)+s) Present Simple 1. daily routines, habits or repeated actions Every hour/day/week etc , I always play football in -? do/does not+I pv 2. permanent states usually, always, in the the evenings morning/evening/night, at night Present Am/is/are+Iing 1. actions happening now, at the moment of speaking Now, at the moment, these I am writing a lettesat Continuous 2
ja käändelõppude puudumine! Mitmekesine ajalugu on aidanud kaasa eri päritolu sõnavarale ning ka hääldusmuredele. Väidetavalt on üle poole inglise keele sõnavarast mitte anglo- saksi päritolu, ehk siis laenatud – kontrolli hoolega, kas ‘sympathy’ ikka tähendab ‘sümpaatiat! kaastunne Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Tenses – Tegusõna ajad • Olevik (Present) • Minevik (Past) • Tulevik (Future) • Kaudne tulevik (Future-in-the-Past) Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Present Tenses • Lihtolevik (Present Simple / Present Indefinite) – regulaarne, korduv tegevus • Kestev olevik (Present Progressive / Present Continuous) – pooleliolev, ühes tükis tegevus • Täisminevik !!! (Present Perfect) – tehtud, *lõpetamata* tegevus • Kestev täisminevik (Present Perfect Progressive) – äsja tehtud (tagajärjed
PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT PAST SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT FUTURE SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT CONTINUOUS SIMPLE 1.korduv tegevus , 1.praegusel 1.tegevus mis 1.tegevus mis toimus 1.tegevus mis 1.tegevus mis 1.tegevuste kohta rutiin hetkel toimuvad algas minevikus mingil ajahetkel toimus kindlal leidis aset enne mis toimuvad 2
1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
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