The Membership of World Organisations Merilin Tamme Xa Tallinna Järveotsa Gymnasium 2008 The schedule · 04.04.1949 establishment of NATO. · 1951 Supreme Headquarters Allied Power Europe (SHAPE) was created near Paris in France. Later, SHAPE was relocated to Mons in Belgium. · 1952 Greece and Turkey join NATO. · 1955 Western Germany joins NATO. · 1982 Spain joins NATO. · 1991 Rome summit. Estonia is one of the founding members of the NACC. · January 1994 Brussels summit. Estonia joins PFP on 3 February. · March 1995 Estonia submits the first Individual Partnership for Peace (IPP) to NATO. It contains priority areas of cooperation with NATO and future cooperation events, altogether in 23 subject fields.
Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms. -To be a centre for helping nations achieve these aims. The Principles of the United Nations: -All Member States have sovereign equality.
Homereading 4 Changing world Religions Islam Islam is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion originating with the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. The word Islam means "submission", or the total surrender of oneself to God An adherent of Islam is known as a Muslim, meaning "one who submits (to God)". There are between 1.1 billion and 1.8 billion Muslims, making Islam the secondlargest religion in the world, after Christianity. Muslims believe that God revealed the Qur'an to Muhammad, God's final prophet, and regard the Qur'an and the Sunnah (words and deeds of Muhammad) as the fundamental sources of Islam.They do not regard Muhammad as the founder of a new religion, but as the
1975 Launch of ERDF - The ERDF aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion in the European Union by correcting imbalances between its regions 1978 European Council establishes the European Monetary System based on a European currency unit (the ECU) and the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). The Ecu has some characteristics of a real currency and is used in travellers’ cheques and bank deposits. ERM gives national currencies a central exchange rate against the Ecu. All the community’s members apart from the UK join the ERM. 1975 Launch of European Monetary System June 1979 – First election of the EP 1981 January: Greece becomes 10th member of the European Community. 1984 February: draft Treaty on the establishment of the European Union passed by the European Parliament. 1985 European Council in Luxembourg agrees to amend the Treaty of Rome and to revitalise integration by drawing up a Single European Act – bigger EU Schengen Agreement 1986
1. Incentives and support for economic and social reforms, which leads to better macroeconomic environment, long-term anchor for stability (partner country´s benefit) 2. Developing democracy, especialliy in eastern Partnership Countries- (definately mutual benefit). 3. The trade and wider `deep and comprehensive free trade area (DCFTA) policy (mutal benefit and business benefit). 3.Is the purpose of ENP to prepare EU Eastern Partners for the EU membership? Should it be? Bring arguments! For which (if any) of the EaP countries do you see as perspective EU member states? The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is not about membership of the EU. It is a response to long-standing requests from many of these countries for closer relations, founded on partnership and joint ownership. If an accession perspective were to be offered at some point in the future to any of the countries covered by the ENP, this would be a separate process
The economic benefits are the biggest cornerstones of the relations. Cooperation between Russia and the European Union progressively strengthens in foreign policy and security issues, in combating illegal migration, organised crime and terrorism. The main achievement of recent years, which can be hardly overestimated, is the understanding increasingly gaining ground that partnership between Russia and the EU is one of the cornerstones of maintaining stability and prosperity not only in Europe, but world-wide. Joint Russian-EU program called "A Partnership for Modernization" was launched. The main achievement has been the fact that the talks on Russia's membership in the WTO have finally ended in Russia's favor. Another important achievement is the recently reached agreement which stipulates that no visas will be needed for short-term trips between Russia and the EU countries. In my opinion at one point of view, the EU is more interested because we have made more trade- offs
European Union Research Compose: x X School 2009/10 What is European Union? The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries. EU population is almost a half milliard European union stands for caring and fair community. All EU members are devoted to peace, democracy, human rights respecting and working together to spread these values all the world. History The beginning of EU might consider the year 1951, when European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was constitute. Six countries joined with it for peace: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, France and Germany. With that move, coal and steel industry were put under one organisation, so war was almost impossible between these six country.
Young Turks, the Young Turk Revolution and ordeals that Armenians had to go through. 1. The Amenian Genocide and its causes 1.1. Armenian Genocide Armenian Genocide (also known Armenian Holocaust) took place during World War I (1915- 1917), when Armenian people of the Ottoman Empire were systematically exterminated and deported by the ,,Young Turk" goverment. The Armenian Genocide was the first genocide of the 20th Century. During the genocide two million Armenians living in Turkey were eliminated from their historic homeland through forced deportations and massacres. One and a half million Armenians were killed, out of a total two and a half million Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. (Fact Sheet: Armenian Genocide) (Wikipedia, 2011) (UHRC, 2011) First the Armenians in the army were disarmed, placed into labor battalions, and then killed and then the Armenian political and intellectual leaders were rounded up on April 24, 1915, and then killed
International Economic organisations were established to increase globalisation and international co-operation. 1. Economic unions- organisations dealing with international trade and also finance. For example European Union,World Trade Organisation. 2. Cartels-a formal agreement of some kind of raw materials. ASEAN-Association of Southeast-Asia Nations. It was established in 1967-Its aim is to make favorable conditions for membership countries. The members are Brunei,Philippines,Indonesia,Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaisia and Singapore. NAFTA-North American Free Trade Agreement.It was established in 1989 by Canada, USA, and Mexico. They have remained totally independent.All countries may join with this organisation.It is one of the world's biggest economic organisations. MERCOSUR-The South common market.Regional Trade Agreement among Uruguay,Paraguay,Brazil and Argentina.It was founded in 1991.
Islam Assemblers: ********and ******* ************** 8a form 2011.a Table of contents · Introduction · Muhammad · Angels · Five Pillars · Golden Age · Prophets · Family Life · Modern times Intoduction For other meanings, including people named 'Islam', see Islam (disambiguation). Islam is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Allah), and the teachings and normative example of Muhammad, often considered by the adherents of Islam as the last Prophet of God. In addition to referring to the religion itself, the word Islam means 'submission to God, 'peace', and 'way to peace'. An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union where are 27 member states drom European continent. The EU operates through a system of independent institutions and decisions are made by the member countries. EUs population is of over 500 million inhabitants which is 7.3% of the world population, there are 23 different languages and for now 17 countries are using EUs common currency Euro. EU was founded after World War II, when Europe was struggeling in social and political devastations. In 1948 a congress in Hague was held to discuss ideas about the development of European political co-operation. There were many important political figures such as Konrad Adenauer and Winston Churchill. On 9th May in 1950 French Minister of Foreign Affairs proposed that France and the Federal Republic of Germany should combine their coal and steel resources and let other European countries join also. From that on, the 9th of May has
EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished.The monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 18 member states that use the euro as their legal tender. At the moment there are 28 member states in the EU. To become a member, a country must meet the Copenhagen criteria. These require a stable democracy that respects human rights and the rule of law; a functioning marketeconomy; and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law. No member state has ever left the Union. After 1952, there have been 7 enlargements: 1973, 1981, 1986, 1995, 2004 (including Estonia), 2007, 2013. Most important 5 treaties (lepingud) till today are Paris, Rome, Brussels, Maastrict and
List and explain the main scope. Articles 26 and 28-37 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Prohibition of charges having an effect equivalent to that of customs duties: Articles 28(1) and 30 TFEU, or to describe it a bit more easier, The Court of Justice of the European Union had found that any type of extra charges or however it may be called or applied to a product produced and being sold in any Member State should not be charged with any fees or any extras that in the end will have the same effect on a product price as a custom duty. Examples: Cases 2/62 and 3/62 of 14 December 1962, and Case 232/78 of 25 September 19791 Prohibition of measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions: Articles 34 and 35 TFEU Provided option gives manufacturers and distributers more freedom for a single product to move
http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projections-2010-2050/ APRIL 2, 2015 The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010-2050 Why Muslims Are Rising Fastest and the Unaffiliated Are Shrinking as a Share of the World’s Population The religious profile of the world is rapidly changing, driven primarily by differences in fertility rates and the size of youth populations among the world’s major religions, as well as by people switching faiths. Over the next four decades, Christians will remain the largest religious group, but Islam will grow faster than any other major religion. If current trends continue, by 2050 … The number of Muslims will nearly equal the number of Christians around the world.
Public International Law is a system of law, different from domestic law. Why is this system unique? Usually law regulates relations between people, people and the state etc, PIL regulates relations between states. Thats why PIL is important for international relation students. PIL influences the life of everybody, it doesn't regulate people directly but indirectly (through the decisions of the states), because it's everywhere. It's like air. E.g. when you want to send a letter to Brazil, you put a stamp from your own country and send it from your post office and the letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services
Area: 110 994 sq.m. Population: 7.4 million Capital: Sofia Time zone: EET (UTC+2) Official language: Bulgarian Currency: Lev (BGN) Fixed exchange rate: 1 = BGN 1.95583 Type of government: Parliamentary Member of: EU, NATO, WTO www.investbg.government.bg DID YOU KNOW THAT BULGARIA The best outsourcing destination in Europe, according to Cushman & Wakefield's rating for 2015. In the world our country takes the third place. Accommodated about 50 companies producing components and systems for the global automotive industry. In eight of every ten cars in Europe, the parts are produced in Bulgaria. First in the world in the production of lavender. For the past three years, our country has managed to surpass France from the first place and France is historically a leader in this field.
I. Portugal ABOUT Photo Location of Portugal (dark green) Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [putua]; officially the Portuguese Republic, Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country located in Southwestern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are Portuguese territory as well. The country is named
persons. The European Union is governed by seven institutions; the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council of the European Union (the Council), the European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank and the Court of Auditors.The first four of these hold the executive and legislative power of the European Union. Of these four institutions, the only one directly elected is the European Parliament whose 736 members are elected every 5 years; each citizen in each member state having the right to vote. Seats are subsequently assigned to member-states in accordance with their population, and for the purpose of sustaining some balance and proportionality, no member-state takes in excess of 99, however no less than 5. In addition to this, the European Council consists of the heads of state and the Council consists of representatives for each member, who have been elected by the citizens of their own country
Topic Estonia Tallinn 2008 1. Introduction Estonia is a small country about the size of Switzerland, or New Hampshire and Massachussetts combined. Estonia is named after the people called "Ests" who lived in the region in the 1 st century AD. The Republic of Estonia is one of the three countries commonly known as the "Baltic States". The other Baltic States are Latvia and Lithuania. 2. Geographical position Estonia is situated in northeastern Europe. Estonia is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Finland, on the east by Russia, on the south by Latvia and on the west by the Baltic Sea. In the north it borders on Finland. The coastline of the Baltic Sea in Estonia is characterized by numerous gulfs and bays, the biggest of them being the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga and the Gulf of Pärnu. Bays include the Narva Bay, Matsalu Bay, Kolga Bay, Kunda Bay, Tallinn Bay etc. Estonia has over
Nowadays only about 4% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture. The 1990s was a hard time for agriculture competition with cheap imported products became an issue, enterprises had no money for new equipment and vehicles. Although today the situation in agriculture isn't perfect, some enterprises, including farms who use modern production methods, have cropped up. Joining the European Union has had a positive effect on Estonian agriculture as we can now sell food products to other European countries. Milk cattle, also pigs and poultry are the main farm animals raised in Estonia. Field crops include cereal crops, potatoes and vegetables. Plant products are mostly for internal use, a considerable amount of meat is imported. Some dairy products and some specific products e.g. cultivated and wild berries, mushrooms, ecologically pure produce etc are for export. The forest is among Estonia's most important natural resources and a source of a
..................................................17 Appendix 1...................................................................................................................................18 2 Introduction The aim of this research is to get know more about the Netherlands history and its geographical facts. This report is describing one of most the most beautiful countries in the Europe - Netherlands. Netherlands is famous for its windmills and flowers. Netherlands is also known unofficially as Holland. Government is constitutional monarchy of north-western Europe. Netherlands is bordered on the north and west by the North Sea, on the east by Germany and on the south by Belgium. The European portion of the Netherlands has a total area of 41,528 sq km of which 33,939 sq km is land surface. Country's capital and largest city is Amsterdam. Population is about 16 million.
EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks. The authors of the study explained
AMBER AND RUSSET - LATE COLOUR CHANGE GENES Copyright 2014, Sarah Hartwell The ancestors of the domestic cat were nondescript black/brown striped tabbies. Over the centuries, mutation produced a wide array of colours based on 2 different pigments. Eumelanin gives the blacks, browns and blues while phaeomelanin gives the reds, fawns and creams. A few other genes give further variations on those colours such silvers, colourpoints and solids/selfs. Mutations continue to occur and unexpected colours also turn up due to inbreeding where recessive genes, hidden for generations, start showing up. AMBER AND LIGHT AMBER During the 1990s, some purebred Norwegian Forest Cats in Sweden produced chocolate/lilac and cinnamon/fawn offspring. However, those colours are not found in the purebred Norwegian Forest Cat gene pool
communities, they are the present English-speaking countries (USA, Australia, Canada, New Zealand) Trading Empire (dependencies) mainly ESL countries; British people were seen more as a small ruling class (India, Africa) 5. Australia, The USA, Canada, Sri Lanka, India & Pakistan, Irish Free State, Newfoundland, New Zealand, South Africa were the British colonies that became dominions. They were given "responsible government" and became part of the Commonwealth. The Head of State was the British monarch. Nowadays, the word "dominion" is not used. 6. The British Commonwealth of Nations freely unites Britain and its former colonies. Ireland 1. The first inhabitants were hunters and fishers from the European mainland in 6000 BC. In 200 BC, the Celts arrived. 2. Christianity was established during the 5th century by Saint Patrick, who is also Ireland's patron saint
and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key features of Finland's modern welfare state are a high standard of education, equality promotion, and national social security system currently challenged by an aging population and the fluctuations of an exportdriven economy (Central Intelligence Agency, 2012, ISSN 15538133). 2.1.2 Geography
ISLAM Islam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Koran, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God. By the teachings and normative example of Muhhamad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. An adherent of Islam is called Muslim. Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable and the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims are beliving that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed before many times throughout the world, including notably through Noah, Adam, Abraham, Jesus and Moses, whom they consider prophets. They belive that the previous messages and revelations have been partially misinterpreted or alerted over time, but consider the Arabic Koran to be both the unalerted and the final revelation of God. Religious
EU structural support and regional implementing agencies, that are available for a businessman to apply for a fund. A successful student will be aware of and understand the EU fundraising possibilities in the frames of cooperation with Russian and Eastern Partnership countries, and able to define the financing criteria and priorities. The current reading material summarises the main aspects covered by lectures and structurises the information channels for the future. The course supports the other Traderun courses, especially the course related to EU cooperation with Russia and Eastern Partnership Countries. 4 1. UKRAINE 1.1. General information 1.1.1. Country Profile Capital: Kyiv. Total area: 603,550 sq. km (the largest country in Europe by area that is physically within Europe entirely). Population: ~ 45 million (declining). Major cities and estimated population (Good news! Not all the business and capital
barbarians. 406-7 barbarians begin invasion Legacy- new types of animals, plants; miles, feet, inches-roman measurements;christianity; Roman basilica in curches; reading, writing; buildings, roads Christianity in Roman Britain Until 4th C christians were persecuted 313 AD Emperor Constantine legalised christianity 380 AD Emperor Theodosius I made it the official religion of the empire Paganism had been eclipsed but continued to pose a political, religious challenge Boudicca Queen of Iceni people of Eastern England, led an uprising against Roman forces Prasutagus(ruler) was first allowed to rule when romans conquered England, after his death, romans decided to rule Iceni and flogged Boudicca and raped her daughters 60-62 AD Iceni rebelled, Boudicca´s warriors defeated Roman Ninth Legion, destroied capital-Colchester Finally Boudicca was defetated, she poisoned herself to avoid capture
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining.
orientation, abolition of career civil service, depolitization, total quality management, and contracting-out. NPM comes from Anglo-America, and it was strongly pushed by most of the International Finance Institutions (IFI's) such as the World Bank and the IMF. It originates from the 1980s with their dominance of neo-liberal governments (especially Thatcher and Reagan) and the perceived crisis of the Welfare state, but it came to full fruition in the early 1990s. NPM is part of the neo-classical economic imperialism within the social sciences, i.e. the tendency to approach all questions with neo-classical economic methods. In advanced PA scholarship itself, especially but not only in Europe, NPM is on the defensive by now, if taken as a world view (i.e. an ideology), rather than as one of several useful perspectives for PA reform (i.e. part of a pluralistic approach). The question here is more whether one favors post-NPM (anti-NPM) or post-post-NPM,
One of the ideas introduced in the Brexit campaign was that they wouldn’t have to pay the EU membership fees. As a matter of fact, in 2018 the UK had to pay the EU £20 billion before the abatement (the reduction of some nuisances) was applied, which was then about £4.5 billion. Because of the European Union regulations, about £4.5 billion more was shared between the UK's public and private sectors. That left them with £11 billion in membership payments. So that means, there would be about £11 billion more to spend on the UK's own needs. As Johnson promised, about £350 million a week which sums up to £18 million a year would go to the National Health Service. According to the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, if the UK opted not to leave, its economy would’ve grown annually by £70 billion in the long term, which is a lot more than what Mr. Prime Minister admitted to allocating for the NHS. Judging by
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most
Juhendaja: 2010 CONTENTS 1. Contents 2. Introduction 3. Compendium about Prague 4. Important about Czech Republic and Prague 5.-7. History 8. Independence 9. Main sights 10. the Czech Republic 11. List of famous people from Prague 12. Geography 13. Weather and climate 14. Population 15. Culture 2 INTRODUCTION The Czech Republic lies at the heart of Central Europe and at its center is the beautiful and historic city of Prague. With a population of some 1.3 million residents, the city lies on either side of the Vltava River in the middle of Bohemia that is one of the three historic Czech territories; the others being Moravia and Silesia. The city has seven "Chapter Divisions" or districts. 3
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