Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Symbols of Estonia". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
stone, flower, limestone, coat, bird, barn, swallow, blue, call, build, country, grey, symbols, ancient, roots, both, denmark, england, leopard, gold, first, part, later, province, lion, finally, became, choose, wildlife, protection, favourite, popularity, appearance, characteristic, homes, practically, finds, suitable, ridge, roof, broken, window, nestTallinna Inglise Kolledz Estonia Topic Alice Tärk, 9b Tallinn 2007 FACTFILE Area: 45 228 sq km Poplulation: under 1.4 million Capital: Tallinn Language: Estonian Currency: Eesti kroon (EEK) Main religion: Lutheran National holiday: 24 February (anniversary of the republic) National flower: Cornflower National bird: Barn Swallow National stone: Limestone LOCATION The Republic of Estonia is the northernmost and smallest of the three Baltic States. It is located on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea in the north east of Europe. To the east the country borders Russia. Latvia is the countries neighbour to the south. From the west the coast of Estonia is washed by the Baltic Sea and from the north by the Gulf of Finland. The length of the coastline is approximately 3 800 km. The longest distance from east to west is
Sea. Estonia has been a member of the European Union since May 1, 2004 and of the NATO since March 29, 2004. The area of Estonia is about 45000 square kilometres and the population is about 1.4 million people. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn and the official language is Estonian. The currency is Eesti kroon. The main religion is Lutheran. Anniversary of the republic is celebrated on February 20. The national flower is cornflower, national bird is barn swallow and national stone is limestone. It is a land of great natural beauty with a long and varied history and rich culture. It has served as a junction of international trade routes for centuries. History. The oldest marks of habitation on the territory of Estonia date from the 8th millennium BC. Fortified settlements were established in the 1 st century BC. The ancestors of Estonians formed several independent states headed by elected elders.
The best- known smalles islands are Naissaar, Aegna, Ruhnu, Kihnu, Väike-Pakri, Suur-Pakri etc. 3. Relief Lying in the north-western part of the East-European Plain, Estonia is mostly flat with an average elevation of about 50 metres above sea level. South-eastern and eastern parts of Estonia are higher than the western parts. The relief of the present-day landscape was shaped during the Ice Age. Ice sheet has carried large boulders and limestone blocks here, not to mention that the hilly terrain in Estonia was also shaped by the continental ice and the melting water. The land is rising 25 cm every one hundred years. In folklore, many features of the relief are explained by the activities of giants such as the legendary national hero Kalevipoeg. The Haanja and Otepää Uplands are particularly rich in Hills. It is here that You find Big Egg Hill, the highest point in the Baltic states with 318 metres above sea level. 4. Land regions
4 million. The official language is Estonian but since very many Russians live here Russian is also wide spread. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988. The national flower is cornflower, the national bird is barn swallow and the national stone is limestone. The Estonian national anthem called "My Native Land, My Pride and Joy" was composed in 1848 by Friedrich Pacius. The Estonian language words were written by J. V. Jannsen. It was officially adopted after the War of Independence in 1920.The same melody with different words is also Finland's national anthem. The current coat of arms of Estonia is a golden shield which includes three slim, blue leopards
2 Towns (Upper & Lower Town) Tallinn used to be divided into 2 parts - Upper Town where lived the aristocracy, gentry and the clergy; and Lower Town with traders, craftsmen and merchants. Legend says the Toompea Hill is actually the tumulus mound of the great Kalev. Linda carried rocks to his grave. It is a naturally- formed limestone hill. Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship. Serfs could escape from serdom after having successfully hidden in town for a year and a day.
the Southern Cross on it. The large seven-pointed star represents the six original states and the territories of Commonwealth. There is also the Indigenous Australian flag, which represents the Aboriginal Australians. The flag with its colours of red (representing the land), black (representing the people) and the yellow in the middle (representing the sun) is a source of pride for Indigenous Australians. The present coat of arms was granted by King George V in 1912. It consists of a shield containing the badges of six Australian states, enclosed by an ermine border. The shield is a symbol for the federation of the states, which took place in 1901. The crest, which is above the shield, is a seven-pointed gold star on a blue and gold wreath. The seven points of the star represent exactly the same thing that they do on the flag. The supporters of the shield
for many local families. The mulgi inhabitants were actually the first farmers in Estonia who bought the farms for their families after being released from the servitude. The farming was developed rapidly thanks to flax-growing. The wealthiest farmers gained even so much money that for the first time in history Estonian farmers became owners of mansions. The wealthy mulk were the first of Estonian farmers to build manses, until then the farmers all over Estonia lived in farmhouses that included a barn so that people and animals lived under one roof. The old farmhouses and mansions can still be seen in many places in Southern Viljandimaa. As a result of the hard work and the tenacity of the local inhabitants, Mulgimaa developed into an area known as prosperous and rich by its cultural heritage. The masters working in the villages played an important role in the development
Southern Ocean. Four seas are surrounding Australia, which are the Timor Sea and Arafura Sea in the north of Australia, the Coral Sea in the north-east of Australia and the Tasman Sea, near the island of Tasmania, in the south-east of Australia. Government The full name of the county is the Commonwealth of Australia. Its territory is 7.7 million square kilometres and population is about 19.7 million. The state symbols are the coat of arms, flag anthem and aboriginal symbols. Australia's flag has a British Union flag. . It is blue with the flag of the UK in the upper left corner. Five stars represent the Constallation Southern Cross and a large star is for the country's states and territories. The coat of arms features a kangaroo and an emu. The kangaroo and emu are chosen for the coat of arms of Australia because they can only move forward just like Australia.
The small pillory (for smaller criminals) was fixed to the wall of the Town Hall. Both pillories were used when people were birched. The punishment was carried out by the hangman and his assistants and was considered a great shame and dishonour. The pillories were still in use in the 19th century. 72 peasants who had taken part in the disturbances of Kose-Uuemõisa in 1806, were birched in the small pillory (a number of them were later sent to Siberia). A round stone slab in the square signifies the place of the pillory. Town Hall Square was not a place of execution, but there was one exception. At the end of the 17th century a priest, being drunk in a pub, had killed the maid in anger. After that he went to the Town Hall and confessed to the crime. Usually murderers were hanged on the Gallows Hill, but he was sentenced to honourable death by the hangman's sword, as he " had been affected ", when he committed the crime. The priest was beheaded in the square
restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154. The Estonians were the first to build a stronghold on the spot of the Toompea Hill, but the real Tallinn was built by the Danes who conquered the north of Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag. In 1346 the Danish king sold his Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order, who a year later resold them to the Livonian Order
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea. For centuries there was only one access to Toompea - Pikk Jalg - but there is also
Rome. These banners were generally called `pallia' and like the previously mentioned cloak of Mohammed, they were originally garments. It is interesting to note that pallia were dedicated to St. Augustine (354-430), Charlemagne (742- 814), and William the Conqueror (1028-1087). The cloak of St. Martin was another garment that was turned into a flag, which later became a cult object of Frankish kings and even influenced the choice of blue as part of the modern French tricolour. Meanwhile the power that finally led to the creation of the Mongol Empire arose in Asia. Many of the Mongol standards displayed a device, a `flaming trident', reproducing the blades of a trident with flames surrounding them. The flag of the Khan himself consisted of nine yak-tails hanging from a rack of crossbars. After the conquest of China lateral flags were used, still with the horsetail and the flaming trident. The
In 1997 a new museum introducing the private collection of Johannes Mikkel was opened in the former kitchen building of the palace. The wooden guards' house opposite the gates of the palace that was originally built at the beginning of the 19th century has been completely restored. The territory of the park that was planned together with the palace was originally over 100 hectares. Its central part will be restored as an Italian-French regular park. The Flower Garden behind the palace has been renovated after 18th-century examples. The Lower Garden in front of the palace is waiting for its turn. Kadriorg Palace and Kadriorg Park will celebrate the 290th anniversary this year. The jubilee will be marked out by the exhibition "The Palace and Its Story" at Kadriorg Art Museum, accompanied by a series of guided tours and lectures within the Saturday Academy, the premier of a documentary in July and a richly illustrated album on Kadriorg Palace coming
territory, the largest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Vormsi. The highest point is Suur Munamägi, which is 317m high. Estonia has a surprisingly mild climate for an area so far north. Sea winds keep the weather from becoming very cold or hot. The population of Estonia is 1.5 million. Of this number 62 per cent are Estonians. Estonians speak the Estonian language, which is closely related to Finnish. Estonia's flag has three horizontal stripes. The blue stripe at the top of the flag represents the sky. The middle stripe of black stands for the land. The white stripe at the bottom symbolizes hope in the future. The president is the most powerful official in Estonia's government. The country's parliament elects the president to a five-year term. The parliament has 101 members, who are elected by the people. The prime minister is recommended by the president and he heads the operations of the government.
New South Wales is the most populated state and Victoria is the most densely populated state. The national language is English. It is English because British settlers came to live in Australia in the past and they brought convicts with them who were also British. Symbols. The Australian Flag came into being after the federation of the Australian States into the Commonwealth of Australian on the first January, 1901. The Commonwealth Blue Ensign was selected as a result of a public competition (over 30 000 designs were submitted). In the upper left corner there is the Union Jack that is the national flag of England. It denotes Australia's historical links with Great Britain. Under the flag there is the Commonwealth star which has seven tips. Six of them represent the states and the last one is for the Commonwealth of Australia. The Southern Cross is in the right. It consists of five stars. The group of stars on the flag
Russian Royal court, and at the age of 13 became a personal servant and later a close assistant to Czar Peter I. After Peter's death he helped the czar's widow, Catherine I, to the throne and became the actual ruler of Russia for a couple of years until he was defeated in the power struggle and banished into exile. 23 Lai Street The buildings at Lai 19-23 belong to the City Theatre. It has a couple of small halls as well as some rehearsal rooms, and is planning to build a large auditorium in the present courtyard. All together the theatre has eight stages on which it performs, both indoor and outdoor, including towers and mills along the Old Town walls and Salme Cultural Centre in the nearby suburb of Kalamaja. The theatre performs both world classics and modern drama. It often shines the spotlight on new Estonian productions. Performances are given in different venues, and there is an outdoor stage for summer plays.
But the legend of the White Lady of Haapsalu, which is at the heart of the festival, is perhaps the most famous tall tale of the many that are so abundant in Estonia's folklore. It is the story of a poor girl who falls in love with the son of the village elder, and disguises herself as a choirboy in order to sneak into the castle. But, alas, the lord of the manor's son discovers the deception. He is overcome by jealous rage and orders his men to seal the girl inside the thick stone walls while still alive. Turned into an incarnation of undying love, the White Lady now appears every August, on the night of the full moon, in the Dome Church chapel window. Haapsalu is seven-and-a- quarter centuries old this year, and the townsfolk intend to make it a celebration to remember. The annual dance and light show dedicated to the Lady alone involves over 100 performers - and you'll have several chances to catch it over the four days of the event
of the country is 360 kilometres and the width, from north to south, is 255 kilometres. The area is 45,227 square kilometres of which more than 4,000 square kilometres are made up by islands and islets (over 1,000); there are more than 1,400 lakes that form nearly 5% of the total area. More than 40% of the entire area is woodland. The country is flat; the average elevation is 50 metres above sea level. The highest peak, Suur Munamägi rises to only 317 metres. High limestone features characterise the north of the country, while the south has a drumlin terrain. The maritime climate is temperate, summers are warm and winters mildly cold, the average annual temperature is 5 degrees Celsius and the average annual precipitation is 550 millimetres. The most important assets of the soil are oil shale, phosphorite and peat. The designation “Aestii” was first mentioned by the Roman historian Tacitus in “Germania” (98 AD)
The population of Estonia is 1.5 million. Of this number 62 per cent are Estonians. The geography of the land is surprisingly varied. Islands make up 9,2 per cent of Estonian’s total territory, the largest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Vormsi. The highest point is Suur Munamägi, which is 317m high. Estonia has a surprisingly mild climate for an area so far north. Sea winds keep the weather from becoming very cold or hot. Estonia’s flag has three horizontal stripes. The blue stripe at the top of the flag represents the sky. The middle stripe of black stands for the land. The white stripe at the bottom symbolizes hope in the future. The president is the most powerful official in Estonia’s government. The country’s parliament elects the president to a five-year term. The parliament has 101 members, who are elected by the people. The prime minister is recommended by the president and he heads the operations of the government.
The people here are mostly engaged in industry- mainly the food industry (23%), trade (16%) and transport and communication (14%). History. Tallinn has a great history. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154, its name then being Kolyvan. In the 13 th- century chronicle of Henricus de Lettis the town was called Lyndanise. Then it was called Reval for some time and finally Estonians started to call the town Tallinn from Taanilinn (Danish town) after the Danish conquest in the 13th century. The Knights of the Sword took Tallinn from the Danes in 1227 and made Toompea their fortress. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order; Toompea became the seat of German-born gentry. A fortified wall was built between the Toompea (the Upper Town) and the
The leading force in the Estonian national movement was the new elite -- primarily the emerging intellectuals aspiring to better their social position, the middle layer consisting of civil servants, merchants and artisans, and, increasingly, the ethnic Estonian clergy. The low social status and the lack of the right to make any decisions, a result of the Russian central power and the Baltic German-dominated cultural situation, motivated the elite of the `awakened peasants' to build up their own independent nation and national society. In 1857 Johann Voldemar Jannsen (18191890), replaced the term `country people' with the word `Estonians'. Patriotic intellectuals encouraged Estonians to participate in public life, determined the legal and cultural requirements of the emerging nation, and organised the extensive sending of petitions to the Russian authorities. At its height, in 18601880, the movement was governed by a politically moderate trend with
Australia Australia is a country and also a continent. If someone wants to make clear, that he is speaking of the country, he may call it by its full name of Commonwealth of Australia. Australia's name means "southland."It is south of the equator. Sometimes it is also called the island continent because it is an island. There are about twenty million people in Australia.It is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 600 miles of ocean separate it from Americas. Since Australia is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours
than other parts, they also include plenty of wild upland country) and the Northern Highland (which are considered by many people, especially mountain-lovers, to be the most beautiful part of Scotland and a real tourist Mecca; they say that there may even be small patches of land on which nobody has ever set foot). Britain's highest peak, Ben Nevis (1343 m) lies not far from Fort Williams. The Scottish flag has a white cross on a blue background. It is also on the Union Jack. Northern Ireland is the smallest part of the UK as it only covers about 5500 square kilometres. About half of the 1.7 million inhabitants live in or around Belfast, the capital, in the eastern coastal region. The centrepiece of Northern Ireland's geography is Lough Neagh, at 151 square miles (392 km²) the largest freshwater lake both on the island of Ireland and in the British Isles, and the third largest lake in Western Europe
Sports with separate men's and women's event include archery, badminton, basketball, canoeing, cycling, fencing, gymnastics and several others. Men and women may compete in the gymnastics same team in equestrian (horse riding) sports and some yachting events. Only men compete in boxing and modern pentathlon. The host country must provide a large stadium for the opening and closing ceremonies, the athletic events and football. Many host cities build special facilities for various Olympic events. More than 1,000 athletes now take part in the Summer Games and they represent more than 160 countries. The Summer Games of the year will take place in 2008 Beijing, China. Winter Games The Winter Games are held in January or February. They last for 16 days. A sport must be popular in at least 25 countries on 3 continents to be considered for the Winter Games. About 3,000 athletes take part in the Winter Games. The host city of the Winter
might have taken place in the year 1892, but actually, the two men never did meet. A copy of the sculpture was given as a gift from the town of Tartu to the Irish city of Galway in 2004. Father and Son The bronze sculpture, "Father and Son", created by sculptor Ülo Õuna (1944-1988), was placed on Küüni Street, on Children's Day ('childrens protection day'), 1 June 2004. Bridges Tartu Stone Bridge In the 18th century the first stone bridge in the Baltics was built at the end of the Town Hall Square, with two triumph arches and a lifting centre, which was dedicated to Catherine II and was opened for traffic in 1784. The bridge was destroyed in World War II, now it can only be admired by way of the model bridge, which was created in 2004. Tartu was hit by a great fire in 1775, during the course of which a large part of the city center burned down. Catherine II
White Cart Water.Crookston is surrounded by a defensive ring-ditch that dates back to the 12th century when Sir Robert de Croc, built a timber and earth castle. Remains of a chapel founded by de Croc in 1180 have been uncovered. Evidence of an even earlier fortification on the same site has also been found. The lands of Crookston were bought by Sir Alan Stewart in 1330, and passed to Sir John Stewart, 1st Lord Darnley, in 1361. The Darnley Stewarts replaced the early castle with the present stone structure around 1400.In 1489 the Stewart Earl of Lennox rebelled against James IV. James responded by bringing the cannon Mons Meg from Edinburgh, and bombarding the castle, virtually destroying its western end, and ensuring a quick surrender. In 1544 the castle was besieged and taken by the Earl of Arran and Cardinal Beaton, while the then Earl of Lennox was defending Glasgow Castle.Charles, the Earl of Lennox.The castle passed through several owners, until in 1757 it
.................. Sports............................................................................................. .................................... Culture............................................................................................. .................................. Factfile Australia is the only country in the worlf that fills the whole continent. The continent is also called Australia, if you want to make clear that you are speaking about the country you may call it by its official name: Commonwealth of Australia. Australia is the smallest continent, but one of the largest countries in the world. Its area is about 7,6 million sq kilometers. Its population is about 20,0 million and most of the people live in bigger cities: Sydney (4.2 million), Melbourne (3.7 million), Brisbane (2 million) and in Canberra, Which is also the capital of Australia. National language in Australia is english and the monetary unit is Australian dollar
surface area of the country is growing by about 7 square kilometres (2.7 square miles) a year. The distance from the most Southern point Hanko to the most northern point of Finland Nuorgam is 1,445 kilometres (898 miles) (driving distance), which would take approximately 18.5 hours to drive. This is very similar to Great Britain (Land's End to John o' Groats 1,404 kilometres (872 miles) and 16.5 h) Finland is a land of all seasons. Its blue and white flag is said to represent the white snow of winter and the blue lakes of summer. In between the two is the dramatic spring when everything turns green in a week, and autumn, full of reds and browns as the leaves swirl over the city squares.Finland is certainly Scandinavia`s least understood and most culturally remote country. Finland is covered by a mixture of forest and marshland. It seems , for every Finnish
probably also built the first church there. It was presumably a wooden building located at the site of the present cathedral. However, a serious conflict with the Order of the Brothers of the Sword broke out soon as the latter wanted to gain control of the entire Estonia. The order succeeded in subordinating Tallinn and the whole of North Estonia to its rule in 1227. The monks of the Dominican Order began the construction of a stone church in Toompea in 1229. The first written data on the cathedral date back to 1233, the date of a battle between the order and the pro-papal vassals, who attempted for the last time to turn Tallinn into the centre of the ecclesiastical state, and were defeated. According to the records, the battle had spread to the interior of the church and the bodies of the fallen knights had piled at the altar. The resettling of the Dominican monks from Toompea to
rivers and lakes and even in people's back-yards. Some of the biggest and widespread are bears. Cougars are the largest cats in Canada. Wolves can be heard but not as easily seen as their cousin the coyote. Bison are now exclusively farmed but goats and sheep can still be seen in the wild. Moose, deer and caribou are also widespread as are the otter and beaver. Reptiles, amphibians and a large selection of snakes also call Canada home. Squirrels, chipmunks, racoons and skunks often found in and around cities. Some of the most common animals to spot in Canada are birds, including Canada Geese, Bald Eagles and the Great Blue Heron. Canada's varied climates allow for a large selection of spiders, bugs and insect while the countless rivers, lakes and 3 oceans are home to dolphins, whales, salmon, sharks and many other species of fish and sealife.
8 km (5 miles) around with a hard exterior compared to most other large rock formations which has prevented formation of scree slopes, resulting in the unusual steep faces down to ground level. It is the greatest tourist attraction in the Northen Territory but it also is and awe inspiring, huge monolith, 862,5 metres above sea level, rising out of the desert in the centre of Australia. The local Pitjantjatjara people call the landmark Uluru and the local Aborigines regarded it as a sacred place. Ayers Rock was created a national park in 1950. Uluru is also famous for its rock paintings. Reef One of the natural wonders of the modern world is the Great Barrier Reef. The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia It is the largest coral reef on earth, extending for 2000 km along the eastern coast. Some scientists estimate that the reef is 30 million years old
states in the U.S. that lie in the north-east. The first colony of immigrants settled down in Virginia, in the eastern part of the U.S.A. The biggest cities are New York, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc. The flag of America was adopted on 14 th June 1777. It is called the "Stars and Stripes". It is said that Betsy Ross sewed the first flag. It features 13 horizontal red and white stripes (for the first colonies which formed the U.S.A.) and 50 stars on the blue background. Red means courage, blue justice and white innocence. There is a star for every state of the USA. The official language of the USA is English; Spanish is also widely spoken. The currency of the USA is the United States Dollar. The government of the USA is composed of three coordinate branches: the executive, legislative and the judicial. All the three branches are equal. The executive power is vested in the president, who holds office for a term of four year
the end of the games. In modern Olympics the flame appeared in 1928. The flame represents purity, endeavor of perfection etc. In 1936 Carl Diem suggested what is now the modern Olympic Torch Relay. It is lit in Olympia by women wearing ancient-style robes using a curved mirror and the sun. It is given from runner to runner until the games have begun. The Olympic flag was created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1914. There are five rings on a white background. The rings are blue, white, yellow, green and red. They represent the five continents of the world. The motto of the Olympic Games is "citius, altius, fortius" which means "swifter, higher, stronger". Olympic oath: "In the name of all competitors, I promise that we shall take part in these Olympic Games, respecting and abiding by the rules the govern them, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams. Olympic hymn was first played in 1896
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