ALCOHOL Alcohol is a widely used substance for both science and in technology. Its name comes from an Arabic word al-kuhl meaning " a powder for painting the eyes". The term was later applied to all compounds that contain alcoholic spirits. To most people alcohol is considerd a downer that reduces activity in the nervous system. Some of the things alcohol effects you is, the alcohol intoxicated person exhibits lose muscle tone, loss of fine moter coordination,and often has a staggering "drunken" gait. The eyes may appear somewhat "glossy" and pupils may be slow to respond to stimulus. At high doses pupils may become constricted. At intoxing doses, alcohol can decrease heart rate, lower blood pressure and respiration rate, and result in decreased reflex and slower reaction times. Skin may be cool to touch but to the user may feel
So why do people start doing it in the first place? Firstly sometimes people try their first cigarette, they like it and so they start doing it more regularly. Secondly some people start smoking because there's a rumour saying that it's slimming. And another reason may be that it may relieve stress. After three or four cigarettes you get addicted to it because of nicotine. It is a drug that stimulates the brain. When the level of nicotine falls in your blood and you're a regular smoker, you usually develop withdrawal symptoms, such as craving, anxiety, restlessness, headaches, irritability, hunger, difficulty with concentration, or just feeling awful. These symptoms are relieved by the next cigarette. Most smokers need to smoke regularly to feel normal and to prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms. So once you start smoking it is very hard to quit. But why is smoking so harmful? Cigarettes have tar in them which contains many chemicals
Extended Essay Research Question: To What Extent Does a Plant Based Diet Lower the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease? Subject: Biology Word Count: 3482 Abstract: Because there has been much debate over whether plant based diets are beneficial or not, I’m willing to learn more about it and since there’s eligible data available on the effects of vegetarian/vegan diets on cardiovascular diseases, my research question is formed accordingly: To what extent does a plant based diet lower the risk of coronary artery disease? The importance of this study lies in my own curiosity and my desire to acquire further knowledge on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. In this investigation I will study two similar prospective studies on plant based diets and
Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person's body works. You've probably heard that drugs are bad for you, but what does that mean and why are they bad? Medicines Are Legal Drugs If you've ever been sick and had to take medicine, you already know about one kind of drugs. Medicines are legal drugs, meaning doctors are allowed to prescribe them for patients, stores can sell them, and people are allowed to buy them. But it's not legal, or safe, for people to use these medicines any way they want. Cigarettes and Alcohol
Addictions Business English Marion Soomre 10.b What is addiction? The term "addiction" is used in many contexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or excessive physical depence or psychological dependence, such as: drug addiction, video games, crime, alcoholism, compulsive overeating, problem gambling, computer addiction, pornography, etc. Drug addiction Drug addiction is widely considered a pathological state. The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug-seeking behavior, the
Addictions summary 2011 Table of contents 1. Addictions 3 Drug addiction 3 Behavioural addiction 3 2. Drug addictions 3 Smoking 3 Drinking alcohol 4 Doing drugs 4 3. Behavioral addictions 4 Playing video games 4 Use of the internet 5
Physical properties: Molar mass: 93.13 g/mol Appearance: colorless liquid Density: 1.0217 g/mL, Melting point: -6.3 °C Boiling point: 184.13 °C, 457 K, 363 °F Solubility in water: 3.6 g/100 mL at 20°C Solubility in ethanol: perfectly Viscosity: 3.71 cP (3.71 mPa·s at 25 °C) pH: >7 log Pow: 0.90/0.98 Koc: 25,5 3. Kinetics and metabolism The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion, also as a vapour. The mean lethal dose of aniline may be between 15 and 30 grams. In case of short-term exposure the substance is irritating to the eyes and the skin. The substance may cause effects on the blood, resulting in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure at high levels may result in death. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the blood, resulting in formation of methaemoglobin
but the service is mainly known simply as NHS. The NHS has recently been the target of criticism over the years. Examples of such are: the length of waiting lists for consultations and surgical procedures; the lack of availability of various treatments either due to long waiting lists or lack of professionals willing to treat NHS patients and leading to people seeking private treatment in cheaper countries overseas. 4. Diseases In humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer to any condition thatcauses discomfort, dysfunction, distress or death to the person affected. In broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes and infections. Many different factors may cause disease. Examples of such are genetic defects or nutritional deficiencies. The reasons that may cause disease can be broadly categorized into the following categories like social, psychological, chemical and biological. Some of
Exogenous formaldehyde appears to be readily absorbed from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, but poorly absorbed following dermal application. Formaldehyde is metabolized to formate by the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase; this appears to take place at the initial site of contact. Being normal components of intermediary metabolism, neither formaldehyde nor formate are stored to any significant extent in any tissue of the body. Formate is excreted in the urine (primarily as formic acid), incorporated into other cellular molecules, or oxidized to carbon dioxide and exhaled. Formaldehyde vapors are readily absorbed from the respiratory tract. Due to rapid metabolism to formate, little, if any, intact formaldehyde can be found in the blood of humans or animals exposed to formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is also readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and meets
7 For the plants, caffeine acts as a natural pesticide. It paralyzes and kills insects that attempt to 8 feed on the plants. The molecule was first isolated by the German chemist Friedrich Ferdinand 9 Runge in 1819. 10 When purified, caffeine is an intensely bitter white powder. It is added to colas and other soft 11 drinks to impart a pleasing bitter note. However, caffeine is also an addictive stimulant. In 12 humans, it stimulates the central nervous system, heart rate, and respiration, has psychotropic 13 (mood altering) properties, and acts as a mild diuretic. 14 A normal dose of caffeine is generally considered to be 100 mg, which is roughly the amount 15 found in a cup of coffee. However, more than half of all American adults consume more than 300 16 mg of caffeine every day, which makes it America's most popular drug. Caffeine is generally 17 consumed in coffee, cola, chocolate, and tea, although it is also available over-the-counter as a
. 2 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychological and the biological stress response. It is known that humans, interacting with each other or their environment, have emotional reactions that are individually regulated. These emotional responses are linked to changes in autonomic and neuroendocrine systems, which are essential for metabolic support when preparing the body for action. Since emotion can influence such important processes like learning, decision-making, memory and consequently health and welfare of the individual then dysfunctional regulation of emotions can lead to psychopathology. A total of 26 healthy, non smoking male participants, age group 18-42 years were recruited into the study. Based on the theory of Cybernetic 3-Dimensional Model on Emotion Regulation (CMER), three dimensions of emotion regulation was measured
D i ox i n s a n d f u r a n s i n t h e atmosphere. Their impact on humans and nature. Emission sources What are dioxines and furans? The term Dioxin is commonly used to refer to a family of toxic chemicals that all share a similar chemical structure and a common mechanism of toxic action. Most dioxins and furans are not manmade or produced intentionally, but are created when other chemicals or products are made. This family includes: seven of the polychlorinated dibenzo dioxins (PCDDs), ten of the polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) and twelve of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). · PCDD · 2,3,7,8TCDD
Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the biological level of analysis. Biological researchers often adopt a reductionist approach to the study of human behavior. They work on a micro-level of research, breaking down complex behavior into its smallest parts (e.g. genes, neurotransmitters or proteins). This approach is sometimes criticized for being overly simplistic, but it is important to have detailed information of the components of human behavior in order to understand the interaction of several factors. Kasamatsu and Hirai studied a group of Buddhist monks who went on a 72-hour pilgrimage to a holy mountain in Japan. During this time the monks did not eat, drink or speak and were exposed to cold, autumn weather. About 48 hours later they started to have hallucinations, often about their ancestors. The researchers took blood samples from the monks before the ceremony and immediately after the monks reported seeing hallucinations
() by relatives or friends. Persons living in poverty are most at risk of becoming homeless , and demographic groups who are more likely to experience poverty are also more likely to experience homelessness . Homelessness usually increases during periods of economic recession () and rising unemployment, when people can no longer afford ( ) housing, and governments cut down public housing expenses. Inadequate shelter or housing creates conditions that promote disease. Without decent ( ) protection, many of the poor are exposed ( ) to severe ( ) and dangerous weather as well as to bacteria and viruses carried by other people and animals. They also are more likely to become infected with diseases carried by insects or rodents (). In arid()regions, drought leaves the poor without clean water for drinking or bathing. In temperate climates, including in the major cities of developed countries many of the homeless poor are harmed by or die of
Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that lasts for a long time. The sources of air pollution are both natural and human-based. As one might expect, humans have been producing increasing amounts of pollution as time has progressed, and they now account for the majority of pollutants released into the air. Air pollution has been a problem throughout history. Even in Ancient Romepeople complained about smoke put into the atmosphere. The effects of air pollution are diverse and numerous. Air pollution can have serious consequences for the health of human beings, and also severely affects natural ecosystems. Because it is located in the atmosphere, air pollution is able to travel easily. As a result, air pollution is a global problem and has been the subject of global cooperation and conflict. Some areas now suffer more than others from air pollution. Cities with large numbers of
(b) (i) reject choice of answers, accept any reasonable spelling A cerebrum / cerebral hemisphere / cerebral cortex / frontal lobe; ignore refs to right or left R incorrect lobe B pituitary (gland); R hypothalamus C cerebellum; D medulla (oblongata) 4 (ii) control of breathing; control of heart rate; control of circulation; control of swallowing / salivation / vomiting reflex; 2 (c) If blood hormone concentration rises inhibits output of trophic hormones by pituitary gland; which inhibits output of hormones by endocrine glands; blood hormone concentration falls to normal levels; ref. negative feedback;
Handbook of Meat Processing Part I Technologies Chapter 1 Chemistry and Biochemistry of Meat Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan Introduction content is 75% of the weight of the muscle; however, can vary, particularly in postmor- Muscle cells are among the most highly orga- tem muscle (range of 65–80%). Within the nized cells in the animal body and perform a muscle, it is the primary component of extra- varied array of mechanical functions. They cellular fluid. Within the muscle cell, water are required for the movement of limbs, is the primary component of sarcoplasmic for locomotion and other gross movements, (cytoplasmic) fluid
Water pollution Attention for water pollution exploded in the 1980s. The oil spill of the Exxon Valdez showed many around the world just how horrible the effects of water pollution could be. However, even the Exxon Valdez spill barely touched the surface of the problem of water pollution. The ship spilt only 5% of the oil spilt that year, and oil is just one of many pollutants that people dump into the water every year. Every year, 14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world's oceans. 19 trillion gallons of waste also enter the water annually. The problem of ocean pollution affects every nation around the world
It has had a major effect on society and Portugal now has the second-lowest drug-induced death rate in EU. The Netherlands has a policy of toleration regarding soft drugs and its mortality rate is well below the EU average rate. Second reason why Estonia should consider decriminalizing cannabis is that there has never occurred death by overdosing cannabis. People do feel sick after abusing marijuana, but the effect is never like overdosing on alcohol or on other narcotic substances. According to Robert Gable “the least physiologically toxic substances, those requiring 100 to 1,000 times the effective dose to cause death, include psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana, when ingested. Gable has found no published cases in the English language that document deaths from smoked marijuana, so the actual lethal dose is a mystery. Gable’s surmise is that smoking marijuana is more risky than eating it but still safer than getting drunk by alcohol
Margit Tepner k0848752 Sustainability aspects of biofuels 1. Introduction The literature review will discuss the sustainability aspects of biofuels. Food production will be the main concern as it is the most debated issue, but other aspects, such as land use change and water consumption will be also considered as they are essential aspects in the biofuels sustainability criteria. The review will discuss the viability of biofuels based on the current technologies. Second-generation biofuels are not yet commercially viable and therefore will not be discussed; although they could significantly improve the sustainability of biofuels when they break through to the industrial scale. 2. The scale of biofuels production 2.1. Drivers of biofuels production
unemployed and when they don't have the required resources they might have to satisfy their needs by criminal ways, but it is also possible to live on the unemployed benfits given by the country. These benefits also have a negative impact on british society as many people might get lazy and find a way how to live only on the benefit for too many years. 5) As we all know alchol and drugs aren't healthy substances so they damage your health and body . Alcohol, tobacco and drug abuse related deaths from overdoses or associated diseases vary from 120,000 to 160,000 deaths a year. In addition to the increased quantities ,which means more drug crimes, the availabilty of drugs and the ease of getting alcohol has caused another big problem - the increasing use of unhealthy substances among young people as the use of alcohol and lighter drugs has increased twofold scince the year 2006. 6) The economic recession has caused many problems which are mainly the
the development of an integrated care system across the whole health economy. Further details of our integrated care work can be found at: www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/integratedcare Acknowledgements Our thanks go to Richard Gleave, Diane Gray, George Kissen, Dennis Kodner, Judith Smith and Sarah Smyth for their comments, all of which have helped to shape both the structure and content of this report. 3 What is integrated care? `Integrated care' is a term that reflects a concern to improve patient experience and achieve greater efficiency and value from health delivery systems. The aim is to address fragmentation in patient services, and enable better coordinated and more continuous care, frequently for an ageing population which has increasing incidence of chronic disease. The search for ways to integrate care more effectively is a pressing policy concern. But what do we actually mean by `integrated care'
Social Problems Crime In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a punishment. The word crime originates from the Latin crimen. When society deems informal relationships and sanctions insufficient to create and maintain a desired social order, there may result more formalized systems of social control imposed by a government, or more broadly, by a State. With the institutional and legal machinery at their disposal, agents of the State can compel individuals to conform to behavioural codes and punish those that do not. Various mechanisms are employed to regulate behaviour, including rules codified into laws, policing people to ensure they comply with those laws, and other policies and practices designed to prevent crime
EU's competitiveness on global markets. In its resolution of 8 March 2011[1] Parliament called on the Commission to establish a single market surveillance system for all products (harmonised and non-harmonised), based on one legislative act covering both the General Product Safety Directive and Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 on market surveillance, in order to attain a high level of product safety and market surveillance, and to clarify the legal basis. On 13 February 2013, at Parliament's request, the Commission presented the Product Safety and Market Surveillance Package, which aims to improve market surveillance systems in the Member States. The package consists of new enforcement rules for the internal market for goods, which will enable national market
regularly spaced than in forest communities. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to support an unbroken herbaceous layer consisting primarily of C4 grasses. Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall being confined to one season of the year. Savannas can be associated with several types of biomes. Savannas are frequently seen as a transitional zone, occurring between forest and desert or prairie. Although the term savanna is believed to have originally come from a Native American word describing "land which is without trees but with much grass either tall or short", by the late 1800s it was used to mean "land with both grass and trees". It now refers to land with grass and either scattered trees or an open canopy of trees. Changes in fire management Savannas are subject to regular fires and the
Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis Kristjan Rannaäär Veterinary medicine, 2. year, 2. group Abstract Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a highly contagious ocular disease and big problem in cattle farms worldwide. It is the most common ocular disease of cattle caused by bacteria Moraxella bovis. This study focuses on IBK despite having low mortality rate and complete recovery, it causes significant loss of productivity in the herds affected due to the costs of treatment and considerable impact on afflicted animals, including blindness. This research is focused on the details, such as risk factors, pathogenesis, etiology, clinical signs prevention, transmission, and treatment, which animal handlers should be aware of to
ALSO BY TIMOTHY FERRISS The 4-Hour Workweek Copyright © 2010 by Tim Ferriss All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Crown Archetype, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com Crown Archetype with colophon is a registered trademark of Random House, Inc. All registered trademarks in this book are property of their respective owners. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ferriss, Timothy. The 4-hour body / Timothy Ferriss. -- 1st ed. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Health. 2. Physical fitness. 3. Weight loss. I. Title. II. Title: Four-hour body. RA775.F47 2010 613.7--dc22 2010018533 eISBN: 978-0-307-46365-4 All illustrations by Fred Haynes/Hadel Studio, unless otherwise noted in the Photo and Illustration Credits section Jacket front-flap photos: (top) (c) Mark Reifkind; (bottom) (c) Photos taken by Inge Cook, provided courtesy of Ellington Darden, PhD v3.1
Worryingly, as few as four students have both breakfast and school lunch. Still more disturbing is the fact that an alarming proportion--approximately onethird--of the students have neither. Eating brown bread Interestingly enough, bread, a good source of fiber, enjoys popularity among young people. 75 per cent of the students surveyed eat three or more slices of brown bread per day, with only a quarter of respondents restricting themselves to one or two slices. Eating fat As regards fat consumption, the majority of the students eat margarine. Four students prefer butter, and another four eat neither. Conclusion It is noticeable that the eating habits of students in their final year at Freedonian Secondary School are not very healthy. Moreover, there are no students who have both breakfast and school lunch, eat more than four slices of brown bread per day, and avoid fat.
other countries shows that it is possible now to upgrade biogas with high reliability and at reasonable costs. The Swedish experience shows that biogas can be an economical sustainable fuel with a potential to drastically reduce emissions in urban transport. Other benefits Wastes do not perish. Instead of that, they become more valuable compost. The weeds in animal compost cannot germinate. Biogas has especially positive health effects in rural areas. Smell of animal compost disappears widely after biogas production. Also, disease agents threatening human health coming from animal waste become inactive. Health Biogas can have significant health benefits. According to the Integrated Environmental Impact Analysis carried out by BSP for 600 biogas users and 600 non-users, four percent more non-biogas users have respiratory diseases than those who own biogas plants
by many variable that range from climatial to mankind. Bibliography Ascher, J., Sartori, G., Graefe, U., Thornton, B., Ceccherini, M. T., Pietramellara, G., & Egli, M. (2012). Are humus forms, mesofauna and microflora in subalpine forest soils sensitive to thermal conditions? Biology and Fertility of Soils, 48(6), 709725. doi:10.1007/s00374-012-0670-9 Barabasz, W., Albiska, D., Jakowska, M., Lipiec, J., 2002 - Biological effects of mineral nitrogen fertilization on soil microorganisms, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, vol. 11, No. 3, p. 193-198. Canbolat, M. Y., Bilen, S., Çakmakçý, R., Þahin, F., & Aydýn, A. (2005). Effect of plant growth-promoting bacteria and soil compaction on barley seedling growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties and rhizosphere microflora. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 42(4), 350357. doi:10.1007/s00374-005-0034-9 Halász, J. L., Kotroczo, Z., Krausz, E
HEALTH Health is the general condition and well being of a person in all aspects. It is very important for a person to have a healthy lifestyle since being healthy usually leads to a better and longer life span. There are many ways on how to lead a healthy lifestyle. It consists of our daily activities and habits. Getting regular exercise is a great way to start leading a healthy lifestyle. Atleast once a week you should get up and do exercises. You don't have to go to the gym to do exercises, you can just go outside for a jog. Or instead of jogging you can play games or do sports like soccer, tennis, track and field or basketball. Regular exercise can help you lose weight, prevent diseases and can help you maintain a positive self-esteem. Besides getting regular exercise, you must also have the correct eating habits. To have the correct eating habits, you must have a healthy and
General factors: Quality Biological •Climate agents: •Location •Bacteria Different variables are used, one of •Pollution •Age of building Health effects connected •Molds them is concentration of VOC (volatile •Pollen •Used materials •Renovation with a building •Viruses organic compounds) VOC-compounds:
......................16 3. Conclusion............................................................................................................ ....18 4. Sources............................................................................................................... .......19 Renewable energy Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources--such as , wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat--which are renewable (naturally replenished). In 2006, about 18% of global final energy consumption came from renewables, with 13% coming from traditional biomass, such as wood-burning. Hydroelectricity was the next largest renewable source, providing 3% (15% of global electricity generation),followed by solar hot water/heating, which contributed 1.3%. Modern technologies, such as geothermal energy, wind power, solar power, and ocean energy together provided some 0.8% of final energy consumption. While there are many large-scale renewable energy projects and production, renewable technologies
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