The document is now lost, however, and scholars differ as to its authenticity.[178] In 1591 the authorities reported that John Shakespeare had missed church "for fear of process for debt", a common Catholic excuse.[179] In 1606 the name of William's daughter Susanna appears on a list of those who failed to attend Easter communion in Stratford.[179] Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeare's Catholicism in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove either way.[180] Sexuality Main article: Sexuality of William Shakespeare Few details of Shakespeare's sexuality are known. At 18, he married the 26-year-old Anne Hathaway, who was pregnant. Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583. However, over the centuries readers have pointed to Shakespeare's sonnets as evidence of his love for a young man. Others read the same passages as the expression of intense friendship rather than sexual love.[181] At the same time, the 26 so-
Normaalseks talitluseks on vajalik munandite madalam temperatuur, mis on 4 kraadi C madalam kehatemperatuurist. Munandid paikneb vaheseintega eraldatud kambrikestes seemnetorukesed, mille kogu pikkus on 250 m. Munandid hakkavad tootma seemnerakke, mis toimub seemnetorukeste seinarakkudes. Munandid säilitavad seemnerakke. Välimuselt on munandid hallikas-roosa, tuvimuna suurune paaris organ. Mass on 20- 30 grammi.(Simon Levay, Sharon M. Valente "Human sexuality"). Munandi peal paikneb pehmem osa munandimanus. Sellesse koonduvad seemnetorukesed ja sealt saab alguse ka seemnejuha. Seemnejuha on u 50 cm pikk ning 0,4 mm läbimõõduga. See kulgeb ümber häbemeluu kubemekanali kaudu vaagnasse ja ühineb eesnäärme sees purskejuhana kusitiga. Munandimanus juhib seemnevedeliku sugutisse. Spermatogeneesi liikumis- ja viljastumisvõime kujuneb 5-12 päeva jooksul välja just munandimanuse pikkades juhades. (Simon Levay, Sharon M
Topographical Model of the Mind (1900-1920) "When I later began, more and Outcomes · Removal of Seduction Theory controversial more resolutely, to put (Mason) forward the significance of · Publication of `The Interpretation of Dreams' (1900) sexuality in the aetiology of neurosis, he (Breuer) was · Model of the mind unconscious, preconscious and conscious the first to show the reaction · Importance of dreams of distaste which was later to become so familiar to me, · Importance of conflict but which, at the time, I had · Erogenous zones not learnt to recognise as my
friends. TV also helps to take up a new topic to talk about. Some TV programmes are very educating and help students with their school work. My favorite TV programmes are political talkshows. They help me to be more critical to provocations. But watching TV all day long is not healthy. It can really affect your eyes. The most annoying thing about television is that the TV companies show more commercials than programmes. Also there is too much violence and sexuality on TV. In my opinion this only shows that there aren't much quality programmes because manufacturers just want to make cheap money. For ending there is no good TV or bad TV. Television has its own good and bad sides like everything else in this world and that's the way it should be.
Bohemian Rhapsody Bohemian Rhapsody is a 2018 biographical film about the British rock band Queen and their singer Farrokh Bulsara, later known as Freddie Mercury. It is set mostly in London. The film is directed by Bryan Singer. The plot focuses mostly on Freddie's life: finding himself, including career, sexuality and who he was as a person. But it also shows the viewers how Queen was developed and the band in general. The story begins with Farrokh meeting members of a small band called Smile and offering them to replace their lead singer. The guys said "no" at first, but when Farrokh sang to them they changed their minds. The band started with small gigs. But the singer had bigger plans. The movie had two biggest unexpected twists. The first one was when Freddie realized that
psühhoanalüüsi meetod kui psühhoteraapia on laialdaselt kasutusel. Freudi teooriad ja tema meetodid olid vaieldavad nii 19. sajandi Viinis ning on jäänud vaieldavateks tänaseni. Tema tööd on avaldanud suurt mõju kirjandusele, filosoofiale ning kultuurile üldiselt. Teoseid: · "Die Traumdeutung" (1900) inglise keeles: "The Interpretation of Dreams" · "Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie" (1905) inglise keeles: "Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality" · "Jenseits des Lustprinzips" (1920) inglise keeles: "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" · "Das Ich und das Es" (1923) inglise keeles: "The Ego and the Id" · "Die Zukunft einer Illusion" (1927) inglise keeles: "The Future of an Illusion" Psühhoanalüüsi teoreetilisi käsitlusi on mitmeid. Ka Freudi enda käsitlused muutusid mõnevõrra juba tema eluajal. Mitmed Freudi õpilased ja kolleegid (Alfred Adler, Carl Gustav Jung, Erich Fromm jt
because she appeared rather inelegant and also quite selfish. In essence, she seemed to be unlikable as well as superficial. Shug (originally Lilly) didn’t really embrace herself and adopted a nickname – “Shug”. However she developed a sexual relationship with Celie and with that broke the boundaries of traditional gender roles. She was outspoken, exteremely honest and not easy to affect. All her three children were born out of wedlock. She is a good example of sexuality and gender not being as univocal and simplistic topics as they may seem since she was a bisexual (sexual relationship with Celie). Throughout the novel Celie’s mother was compared to Shug. Celie saw her mother in Shug while she took Shug as a role model herself. Shug had a great influence on Celie who was in a violent marriage. Thanks to Shug, Celie learned to stand up for herself and also got to know herself and her worth. All thanks to the help she received form Shug
” She believed that praying could solve all the problems and people like her were meant to be separated from others. She did not have many friends because people did not understand her, not even Jeanette. But Jeanette looked up to her because she had had always an answer, knowledge why did things happen. Louie saw the world in two categories: friends and enemies. “She had never heard of mixed feelings.” Devils were daily talking point and she could find them anywhere. Sexuality was one of taboos for her. For example when Mrs Rothwell was drowning and Fred had saved her, all Louie could think about was Mrs Rothwell’s underslip that was showing. Her favourite book besides the Bible was Jane Eyre. And because of Jeanette’s mother’s narrow-mindedness she even changed the ending of the book so her daughter wouldn’t find out real aspects of life that would harm her vision of life and mission. All the men were self-indulgent for her
SOUTH PARK American animated sitcom, notorious for its crude, surreal, and often very dark humor, which satirizes a wide range of topics including religion (712-All about the mormons 914-Bloody Mary 912-Trapped in the closet) politics(1212 About Last Night... ) violence(Too much to count-Kenny dies in every episode) sexuality( 409 Do the handikapped go to hell? and The movie : South park bigger longer, uncut) Trey Parker and Matt Stone created the show and continue to do most of the writing, directing, and voice acting. The narrative revolves around four children -- Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick -- and their bizarre experiences in the titular mountain town. Has won 3 daytime Emmys Total of 188 episodes since the show's debut in 1997.
rock Typified by a heavy use of distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with pianos and keyboards Developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s and reached a commercial peak in the mid to late 1980s Led Zeppelin, The Who, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC, Van Halen, Bon Jovi, Def Leppard, Guns N' Roses Definitions A form of loud, aggressive rock music Has sometimes been labelled cock rock for its emphasis on overt masculinity and sexuality and because it has historically been predominately performed and consumed by men: in the case of its audience, particularly white, working-class adolescents In the late 1960s the term heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock, but gradually began to be used to describe music played with even more volume and intensity Despite differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, or crossing between, the genres
his folks, and I disappointed myself." "It affects your ego. It has an physical dominance immense affect on selfconcept, in all kinds of crazy ways. You ask · Male infertility more stigmatised because of a cultural conflation `How can I be a real woman?' By affecting the self with sexual dysfunction. "Infertility = loss of manhood" concept, it affects sexuality, and it affected work for me for a while. · "Marital Bargaining": (1) within the internal dynamic of a `How can I be good at this; I'm not a normal person'" relationship there is tremendous bargaining when Failure of Volition: `Infertility' as "culpable failure of volition" seeking medical or other solutions (2) Men enjoy · "The desire to explain sickness and death in terms of volition - superior bargaining power (3) Self-preservation and
S. Elliot "the fisher king"-more complicated experiment. Aldous Huxley ,,point counter point"-builds his chapters on principles of music. R. Aldington ,,death of a hero"-a jazz novel. Polyphony-harmony. Cacophony Virginia Woolf ,,the waves"-symphony. Psychoanalysis: The greatest influence of psychoanalysis on literary production has probably been to add legitimacy to the already-existing trends towards greater psychological introspection and towards more prominent and franker discussions of sexuality. Main characteristic features of Modernism: Characteristics of Modernism Formal characteristics(11) · Open Form · Free verse · Discontinuous narrative · Juxtaposition (kõrvutamine) · Intertextuality · Classical allusions(vihje) · Borrowings from other cultures and languages · Unconventional(ebaharilik) use of metaphor · Metanarrative · Fragmentation · Multiple narrative points of view (parallax) Thematic characteristics(8)
Hamlet WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Character List Hamlet - The Prince of Denmark, the title character, and the protagonist. About thirty years old at the start of the play, Hamlet is the son of Queen Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and the nephew of the present king, Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle's scheming and disgust for his mother's sexuality. A reflective and thoughtful young man who has studied at the University of Wittenberg, Hamlet is often indecisive and hesitant, but at other times prone to rash and impulsive acts. Hamlet (In-Depth Analysis) Claudius - The King of Denmark, Hamlet's uncle, and the play's antagonist. The villain of the play, Claudius is a calculating, ambitious politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, but he occasionally shows
The Crimes of the Witches Undoubtedly, over the centuries of witch hunting, the charge of ,,witchcraft" came to cover a multitude of sins ranging from political subversion and religious heresy to lewdness and blasphemy. But three central accusations emerge repeatedly in history of witchcraft throughout northern Europe: First, witches are accused of every conceivable sexual crime against men. Quite simply, they are ,,accused" of female sexuality. Second, they are accused of being organized. Third, they are accused of häving magical powers affecting health of harming, but also of healing. They were often charged specifically with posessing medical and obstetrical skills. First, consider the charge of sexual crimes. The medievaal Catholic Church elevated sexism to a point of principle: The Malleus declares, ,,When a woman thinks alone, she thinks evil."
b) Mõõdetakse brändi spontaanset tuntust c) Mõõdetakse brändi identiteeti 31. Isiklikus kommunikatsioonis seisneb üksikisiku mõjutamise eelis massikommunikatsiooni ees a) Heas sõnumi selguses b) Keskmises sõnumi selguses c) Halvas sõnumi selguses 32. AIDAS mudeli tähed tähendavad õiges järjestuses järgmist a) Action, inflation, desire, attention, satisfaction b) Attention, IQ, desire, action, satisfaction c) Attention, interest, desire, action, sexuality d) Attention, interest, desire, action, satisfaction 33. Tõmbestrateegia on suunatud a) Turustuskanalite liikmete ergutamisele b) Kauba turult ära tõmbamisele c) Vahendajate ostunõudluse ergutamisele 34. Tööstusturu toetust iseloomustab a) Reklaami domineerimine b) Suhtekorralduse domineerimine c) Isikliku müügi domineerimine 35. Turunduses võib pidada kontrollimatuks sõnumiks a) Turundaja reklaami b) Konkurendi reklaami
After Freud... Freud: positive aspects · Neo-analytic theorists: Adler, Horney, Erikson, Jung, etc. · Complete theory of personality · Too little on culture and social factors; too much infantile sexuality · Emphasises role of unconscious mind and early life experiences · Erikson: personality develops through life: specific, age-related challenges · Ego defence mechanisms · Adler: motivation of social interest; idea of inferiority complex · Interest in treatment of mental disorders
Kasutatud Internetimaterjal: http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/guide/birth-control-contraceptive-myths http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/youth/health/contraceptives/mythsfacts.htm http://www.clevelandclinic.org/health/health-info/docs/2400/2425.asp?index=9137&src=newsp http://www.sexualityandu.ca/teens/contraception-5.aspx http://womenshealth.about.com/cs/birthcontrol/tp/10birthcontrol.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/1441898.stm http://www.thesite.org/sexandrelationships/sexuality/awareness/sexmyths http://www.nzgirl.co.nz/articles/2598 http://contraception.about.com/od/contraceptionmyths/tp/pillmyths.htm http://www.bebashi.org/Contraception.htm http://www.meelespea.net/ee/kontracepcija/mitai http://www.ekspress.ee/Arhiiv/Vanad/1998/45/A14.html 13
Naised pidid olema ja jääma alati teisejärguliseks ning ei tohtninud vastuta millegi muu kui äärmiselt iseenda eest. KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS 1. Antiigileksikon 1. 1983. Tallinn. 2. Antiigileksikon 2. 1983. Tallinn. 3. Giardina, A. Vana-Rooma inimene. 2004.Tallinn 4. Gillian, C. Women in Late Antiquity: Pagan and Christian Lifestyles. 1993.Oxford. 5. Ilus, E. 2000. Rooma eraõiguse alused. Tallinn 6. Johnston, D. Roman Law in Context. 2004. Cambridge 7. McClure, L. Sexuality and Gender in the Classical World. 2002. Oxford. 8. Pereterski, I.S. Üldine riigi ja õiguse ajalugu I. Vanaaeg II vihik Vana-Rooma. Tallinn 9. Setälä, P. Antiikaja naine. 2001. Tallinn. 10. Scullard, H. H. A History of the Roman World 753 to 146 BC. 1995. New York.
better and send better messages for the development of the youth than what it is sending today. Mass Media Influence on Adults Like children and youth, mass media influences adults too, although perhaps not on the same scale. Most adults with a platonic view of things will resist the temptation of being buoyed up by what the mass media has to offer. While men usually find it difficult to hold them selves back in the face of the allure of sexuality. Other subjects which also appeal to men are financial security and a luxurious hassle-free lifestyle. Women on the other hand are more tempted towards products which guarantee immunity from aging altogether and not just what the previous generation called 'aging gracefully'. Mass media can yet be used constructively to teach the adults about the importance of insurance, financial education and how to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
positiivset suhtumist seksi. Nii nagu teistegi stereotüüpide ilmingud maailmas on duaalsed, nii on ka käesolevas töös arutlusel oleval teemal väljakujunenud stereotüüpidel nii positiivsed kui ka negatiivsed küljed. 18 KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS Avaldatud allikad: Apter D., Väisäla L., Kaimola K. (2006). Seksuaalsus. Soome: Oy Duodecim. Gender Identity. (2012). http://www.teenhelp.com/teen-sexuality/gender-identity.html 27. september 2012 Inimõigused noorsootöös. (2009). AKEN november. Raudsepp T., Toomet K. (2011). Räägime tervisest. Tervise Arengu Instituut: Lakrito AS. Part, K. (2007).Õpilase seksuaaltervis. Tegevusjuhend kooli tervishoiutöötajale. Tallinn: Eesti Seksuaaltervise Liit. . (1990). . : . ., . (1991). . « » 4. . (2011)
Elisabet Arge Grade X Kuressaare Gymnasium Supervisor: Sirje Kereme Resume Sexuality plays an important part in forming one's identity. Alongside love between men and women, love and relationships between people of the same sex have always existed. Discussions about sexuality and especially about attraction towards people of the same sex have been going on for centuries. For a long time romantic and sexual relationships between people of the same sex either received great negative attention or were completely ignored. That lasted for the most part
Walter Whitman Walter Whitman (May 31, 1819 March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. He was a part of the transition between Transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse. His work was very controversial in its time, particularly his poetry collection Leaves of Grass, which was described as obscene for its overt sexuality. Born on Long Island, Whitman worked as a journalist, a teacher, a government clerk, and a volunteer nurse during the American Civil War in addition to publishing his poetry. Early in his career, he also produced a temperance novel, Franklin Evans (1842). Whitman's major work, Leaves of Grass, was first published in 1855 with his own money. The work was an attempt at reaching out to the common person with an American epic. He continued expanding and revising it until his death in 1892
consequence of their personal habits and lifestyle choices. · To a pioneering minority holding the ideal of conscious conception, parenting has always been seen as a spiritual process in which they wanted to participate fully and consciously. A handbook for many in this group has been the book by Jeannine and Frederick Baker, Conscious Conception: Elemental Journey Through the Labyrinth of Sexuality (Monroe, UT, Freestone Publishing or Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1986). Their practice assumes the soul of the baby exists prior to its joining the family. Today, there are additional motivations for beginning parenting before conception, namely the lengthening list of reproductive hazards in the contemporary world. · Matters of great importance for our future are taking place, yet we have no memory of this time
The first postmodern survey of philosophy from ancient times to the turn of the Twenty-first century. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. · Foucault, Michel. Diskursuse kord. Varrak 2005 · Foucault, Michel. Seksuaalsuse ajalugu 1. Teadmistahe. Valgus 2005 · Freud, Sigmund. Ahistus kultuuris. Sealpool mõnuprintsiipi. Vagabund 2000 · Freud, Sigmund. Inimhinge anatoomiast. Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus 1999 · Freud, Sigmund. Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. BasicBooks 1975 · Kidron, Anti. Oidjärv, Holger. Harrastame joogat. Mondo 1998 · Lotman, Juri. Kultuur ja plahvatus. Varrak 2001 · Lotman, Juri. Kultuurisemiootika. Tekst kirjandus kultuur. Olion 1999 · Lotman, Juri. Semiosfäärist. Vagabund 1999 · Marx, Karl 1845 -- http://www.marxists.org/deutsch/archiv/marx- engels/1845/thesen/thesfeue.htm (Teesid Feuerbachist) (05.06.2006) · Maxwell, James Clerk . A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field
Although often viewed collectively, their literary output differs greatly from each other. Wrote under male pen names – difficult to get published as a woman. At the time they wrote, their works were considered blasphemous (dealt with sexuality and death). Emily Bronte – Wuthering Heights, critics presumed was written by a woman. Not understood by her contemporaries. Controversial issues, such as incest, self-‐starvation, violent love and power. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre – best received work of the sisters
b) mõõdetakse brändi spontaanset tuntust c) mõõdetakse brändi identiteeti 32) Isiklikus kommunikatsioonis seisneb üksikisiku mõjutamise eelis massikommunikatsiooni ees a) heas sõnumi selguses b) keskmises sõnumi selguses c) halvas sõnumi selguses 33) AIDAS mudeli tähed tähendavad õiges järjestuses järgmist a) action, inflation, desire, attention, satisfaction b) attention, IQ, desire, action, satisfaction c) attention, interest, desire, action, sexuality d) attention, interest , desire, action, satisfaction 34) Tõmbestrateegia on suunatud a) turustuskanalite liikmete ergutamisele - tõukestrateegia b) suunatud kauba turult ära tõmbamisele c) vahendajate ostunõudluse ergutamisele 35) Tööstusturu toetust iseloomustab a) reklaami domineerimine - tarbijaturg b) suhtekorralduse domineerimine – avalik sektor c) isikliku müügi domineerimine 36) Turunduses võib pidada kontrollimatuks sõnumiks a) turundaja reklaami
Leaves of Grass: Democratic Themes When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer I Hear America Singing In his Preface to Leaves of Grass, Whitman states, "The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem". Whitman was the ultimate Transcendentalist/ Romantic. He united democratic themes and subject matter with free verse form. In Leaves of Grass, Whitman celebrates unity of all life and people. He embraces diversity of geography, culture, work, sexuality, and beliefs. Whitman's impact solidifies American dreams of independence, freedom, and fulfillment, and transforms them for larger spiritual meaning. Whitman values hard work and being humble and nonegotistical. His ideals are things such as good health, soul, and the love of nature. Whitman expresses his celebration of working class democracy through the "varied carols" of men and women who take pride in their occupations in the poem "I Hear America Singing"
At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of the playing company the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He ap- pears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive, and there has been considerable speculation about such matters as his sexuality, religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1590 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. Next he wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, con- sidered some of the finest examples in the English language. In
Hitchcock created a powerful expression of this phenomenon in Vertigo. James Stewart forces Kim Novak to change her hair and clothing to match the image of his feminine ideal Carlota, a woman who ironically never existed in the first place. 60 SHAPESHIFTER Its natural for each sex to regard the other as ever-changing, mysterious. M a n y of us don't understand our own sexuality and psychology very well, let alone that of the opposite sex. Often our main experience of the opposite sex is their changeability and their tendency to shift attitudes, appearances, and emotions for no apparent reason. Women complain that men are vague, vacillating, and unable to commit. M e n complain that women are moody, flighty, fickle, and unpredictable. Anger can turn gentle men into beasts. W o m e n change dramatically during their monthly cycle,
IDENTIFICATION WITH THE BODY Apart from objects, another basic form of identification is with “my” body. Firstly, the body is male or female, and so the sense of being a man or woman takes up a significant part of most people's sense of self. Gender becomes identity. Identification with gender is encouraged at an early age, and it forces you into a role, into conditioned patterns of behavior that affect all aspects of your life, not just sexuality. It is a role many people become completely trapped in, even more so in some of the traditional societies than in Western culture where identification with gender is beginning to lessen somewhat. In some traditional cultures, the worst fate a woman can have is to be unwed or barren, and for a man to lack sexual potency and not be able to produce children. Life's fulfillment is perceived to be fulfillment of one's gender identity.
"I'm similar to my closest friends in most ways, so I'd assumed this would also be the case. It wasn't. I was the only one [who didn't masturbate]." Once she started talking to her girlfriends about it, the entire subject became less taboo and became "normal." Suddenly sex wasn't something to be avoided. Now, it was something fun to talk about over a glass of wine. She also realized that she'd been suppressing a critical part of herself, and that without a developed sexuality, she wasn't a fully developed person. It took discipline to overcome old habits and subconscious sabotage: "It was really tempting to come home from work and say, `Oh, I'm tired,' and go to bed without doing it. I really had to view it as practice, just like yoga. Practice is something you do even when you don't want to." Rediscovering her sensual self went far beyond the bedroom. Giselle started taking salsa lessons and was nally comfortable as a sensual being
Nothing else. A small blaze flickered in the fireplace and a bottle of wine sat in an ice-filled bucket on the coffee table. A grouping of ivory candles had been clustered as a centerpiece, their golden glow the only illumination besides the fire. "Excuse me," I said from the threshold of the room. "I'm looking for Gideon Cross, the man who doesn't have romance in his repertoire." He grinned sheepishly, a boyish smile so at odds with the mature sexuality of his bared body. "I don't think about it that way. I just try to guess what might please you, and then I give it a shot and hope for the best." "You please me." I crossed to him, the black robe swaying around my legs. I loved that he'd put on something that matched what he had given me. "I want to," he said soberly. "I'm working on it." Stopping in front of him, I drank in the beauty of his face and the sexy way the ends of his hair caressed the top of his shoulders
Ganzberg, M. (1964, March 27). New York Times, p. 1. Garner, R. L. (2005). What's in a name? Persuasion perhaps? Journal of Consumer Psychol- ogy, IS, 108-116. Gawronski, B. (2003). Implicational schemata and the correspondence bias: On the diag- nostic value of situationally constrained behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psy- chology, 84, 1154-1171. George, W. H., Gournic, S. J., 8z McAfee, M. P (1988). Perceptions of postdrinking female sexuality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18, 1295-1317. Gerard, H. B., 8z Mathewson, G. C. (1966). The effects of severity of initiation on liking for a group: A replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 278-287. Gergen, K., Ellsworth, P., Maslach, c., 8z Seipel, M. (1975). Obligation, donor resources, and reactions to aid in three cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 39 0-4 00 . Gigerenzer, G., 8z Goldstein, D. G. (1996)
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