Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Paiute people". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
paiute, language, northern, southern, fish, roots, meaning, numa, valley, english, near, seeds, meat, nuts, beliefs, wolf, ghost, dance, chores, fishing, hunting, berries, children, pony, expressNative Americans. ¤ over 500 nations/tribes ¤ closeness to nature ¤ europeans came for the free land ¤ less civilized ¤ they lived in teepee's ¤ they hunted buffalos for food, clothing BERENGIA- Land Bridge connecting Asia (Siberia) to Alaska 1500 km wide North to South 65 000 B.P (before the present) rised out of the sea to 40 000 B.P a wave when people came from west. 36 000-32 000 B.P arrived people CHEROKEE. Southeast U.S- their heartland, not on the ocean. Lanuage + customs + weapons-> related to IROQUIS family of nations (Iroquis lived around Great Lakes) 1300 A.D. established in South East U.S Classical Cherokee Civilization 16th-19th centuries MATERINEAL-(,,mother line") women controlled home, family, children, inheritana, clan membership. Men hunted and made babies. Cherokee Wedding Ceremony- ¤groom brings meat(,,hunter") ¤ bride brings other food (grains, berries etc.) -> prooves that she's ,,homemaker" They step on the Ceremonial Blanket-> family. A girl got her n
After that thousands of Europeans arrived and they tried to take the land away from the Native Americans, so there were many wars. Native Americans also died from the diseases that the Europeans brought. At first they had to move to the west. But soon the white moved further west into the lands where the Indians lived and there were again many battles. The American Civil War (18611865) was a civil war between the United States of America (the "Union") and the Southern slave states of the newly formed Confederate States of America under Jefferson Davis. The Union included all of the free states and the five slaveholding border states and was led by Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Party. Republicans opposed the expansion of slavery into territories owned by the United States, and their victory in the presidential election of 1860 resulted in seven Southern states declaring their secession from the Union even before Lincoln took office
had a major impact on New Zealand's society. The word "aboriginal" means "the first" or "the earliest known". The Aborigines reached Australia more than 40 000 years ago. They are dark-skinned people who probably came from Asia. They were hunter-gatherers, using spears and boomerangs for hunting. Before the first white settlers came, there were around 300 000 aborigines in about 250 tribal groups. Each group had its own territory, traditions, beliefs and even language. The Aboriginal religion is based on dreaming, they believe in Dreamtime. They say that at the beginning of time the world was a shapeless mass of nothing, waiting to be transformed into that what we see today. Aborigines believe that they are constantly living in the Dreaming and that every time they do something they leave an impression on the other reality that is the Dreaming. Aboriginal people were social beings as they lived together in groups. Their camps were
American English Take-home exam 1) Discuss the significance of American English in the English-speaking world. English is one the most widely used languages in the world and globally acknowledged as the lingua franca. It is also the dominant business language. For these facts already, English has a great importance in the today’s world. As the United States of America is one of the leading countries of the world, American English has a certain authority as well. It is now an inescapable fact that America, through its worldwide influence and massive entertainment industry is the mighty power-house that drives the English language. Although British English is considered to be more sophisticated and prestigious than American English, the latter is clearly more featured in television, music, video games and internet, naturally appealing more to English learners than British English. Also, in international
Topic Australia Introduction Many people know Australia as the land down under because it is the only continent except for Antarctica that is all on the southern hemisphere. Its name means ,,Southland". The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia. It's capital is Canberra. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world but the smallest continent. Australia has 6 states and 2 territories (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia , South Australia, The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). The Australian people are culturally the same as the Anglo Americans. There also live
Project ESTONIA MAP OF ESTONIA Southern Viljandimaa The southern part of Viljandi county catches the eye with its sublime scenery. The area today lies in the very heart of the historical Mulgimaa the home of hills, deep valleys and lakes brought together by a beauty spot Halliste primeval valley. According to several folk tales, it is also in these valleys, woods and bogs that Old Nick found refuge.The great variety displayed in the nature is also reflected in the local cultural heritage. At the beginning of the 19th century growing linen spread and became the basis of the legendary wealth of Mulgi farms. The ancient barn-dwellings and decaying manor houses are the mute witnesses of those times. The riches and cultural heritage of
the past century. Geography Inuit communities are found in the Arctic, in the Northwest Territories, Labrador and Quebec in Canada, above tree line in Alaska (where people are called the Inupiat and Yupik), and in Russia (where people are called the Yupik people). In some areas, Inuit people are called "Eskimos" however many Inuit find this term offensive. The word "Inuit" means "the people" in the Inuktitut language. Inuit Homes In the tundra, where Inuit communities are found, there are not many building materials. No trees grow in the tundra so houses can not be made from wood unless it is transported from elsewhere. However, during a large part of the year, the cold part, there is a lot of snow in the tundra. And it turns out that snow can be a very good construction material. In the winter, Inuit lived in round houses made from blocks of snow called "igloos". In the summer, when the snow melted, Inuit
1) Standard and non-standard varieties of English Standard varieties of English are the varieties of the English language that are considered to be a norm and are spoken and written by the minority (educated people). This is the optimum for educational purposes. The standard varieties of English are: BrEng (British), EngEng (English), NAmEng (North-America), USEng (United States), CanEng (Canada), AusEng (Australia), NZEng (New Zealand). Standard English (British English) is the most widely accepted and understood among native speakers, learned by foreigners. It is used in broadcasting, TV, news etc. It doesn't concern pronounciation (accent), but grammar and vocabulary. It includes formal and informal styles. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary, together with the RP accent should be called English English. RP (Received Pronounciation) is an accent that originates from South-East of England. A
• The flag is blue, black and white horisontal lines, It represents the blue sky, the dirt, purity or snow. • The national bird is a swallow. • The national flower is a cornflower. History • The first settelments in Estonia came by supposedly about 11 000 years ago. • In the past most Estonians worshipped spirits of nature and their beliefs were seen as unholy by christian crusaders. Taara is believed to have been the name of the old Estonian god. • Starting with the Northern Crusades in the Middle Ages, Estonia became a battleground for centuries where many countries fought their wars over controlling the important geographical position of the country as a gateway between East and West, despite this the country has survived. • Estonia first got it’s independence in 1918 wich lasted 22 years. • The first president of Estonia during this period was Konstantin Päts. • Metsavennad( the forest brothers) were freedom fighters who fought in
3. The Roman conquest Julius Caesar's first raid was in 55 BC but the romans left. Ad 43- the Romans came to stay. The army established Roman rule in the south and SW of the country. The Romans started to introduce their laws to a new province of the Roman Empire and started to build good roads. Officials were appointed (governors, procurators to collect taxes, look after the estates and mines and se that the gold, silver, iron and lead were exported back to Rome). Introduced schools,a new language Latin, large farms (villas), baths. In AD 410 they had to leave . roman occupation lasted nearly 400 years. They left behind very little. Roman province of Britannia covered most of present-day England and Wales. 4. Latin influence on English *The influence of Latin is noticeable also in the names of European cities: the Latin noun colonia (settlement, colony) may be found in numerous place-names: Lincoln, Colchester, Cologne ; from
Tallinn English College Topic The United States of America Tallinn 2007 1. Introduction The United States of America's territory is over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.6 million km²) and population more than 300 million people. The capital city is Washington D.C. Although the United States has no official language at the federal level, English is the de facto national language. English is the most common language for daily interaction among both native and non-native speakers. Spanish is the second language. The largest city is the New York City. The Government is Federal constitutional republic and the president is George W. Bush. 2. Geographical position The United States of America is located on the continent of North America. It has borders with two countries Mexico and Canada. There are also the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico surrounding the big country
Huge media coverage "20-Point Program" · Present situation 1 Reservations situated west of the Mississippi 1% of the population Minority group, less privileged Social problems Self-awareness Mixture of old and new HOW GOVERNMENT ACTS NOW- gives natives money and near Las Vegas the right to own casinos to compensate injustice and taking away land. II First Settlements · Jamestown Colony (living conditions, population, plantations, import of slaves) First permanent English colony in North-America 214 settlers Searching for gold (none found) Strategically good location, James River Quite poor conditions. Starvation, diseases, lack of water, attacks of natives , fierce weather Tobacco plantations African slaves, working in tobacco harvest 1620 by Dutch boat. Also Englishmen (convicts and poor people) Mayflower and Pilgrim Fathers Mayflower- cargo ship In 1620 one hundred Puritans boarded the Mayflower
Introduction, Location Australia is a country between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is the only country in the world that occupies an entire continent. The mainland covers an area of 7.7 million km² and it is about 3700 km from the most northern point to its most southern point and about 4000 km from east to west. There are also many different seas around Australia, like the Coral and the Tasman Seas in the west or the Timor and the Arafura Seas in the north, where the Indian and the Pacific Oceans meet. Because all seas and oceans near Australia are warm, surfing is a very popular hobby. Political subdivision Australia is divided into six states, which are: · New South Wales · Victoria · Queensland · South Australia · Western Australia
Estonia Where it is? Republic of Estonia is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe .It is bordered to the north by the Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. Towns Tallinn is the capital and the largest city of Estonia. It lies on the northern coast of Estonia, along the Gulf of Finland. There are 33 cities and several town-parish towns in the country. In total, there are 47 linna, with "linn" in English meaning both "cities" and "towns". More than 70% of the population lives in towns. History • Estonia was settled near the end of the last glacial era, beginning from around 8500 BC. Before the
plains and mountains to the cold tundra of the north. Despite Canada's great size, it is one of the world's most sparsely populated countries. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity. 2. Geographical position Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. In the Arctic, Canada reaches almost as far north as Greenland. To the south it extends to the same latitude as southern France. The distance from Canada's west coast, the Pacific Ocean, to its east coast, the Atlantic Ocean, is farther than from North America to Europe. Canada's total land area includes thousands of adjacent islands, notably Newfoundland in the east and those of the Arctic Archipelago in the north. In longitude Canada extends from approximately 52° to 141° W, a distance that spans six time zones. In latitude it extends from approximately 42° to 83° N. With its vast
SOCIETY AND CULTURE OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES Introduction 1. Nowadays, English is so widely spoken that it can hardly be considered "a one nation's" language. The main countries where English is spoken are: the U.K, the U.S, Canada, Australia, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, West Indies 2. There are approx. 300-400 million speakers of English in the world. English occupies the 3rd place by its number of speakers; it is right behind Mandarin and Spanish. 3. ESL (English as a Second Language) used in your own country (e.g. India) EFL (English as a Foreign Language) used in a foreign country ESP (English for Specific Purposes) used in business, airlines, hotels etc. 4. Settlement colonies people migrated into them from Britain and started their own
S.A. The biggest cities are New York, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc. The flag of America was adopted on 14 th June 1777. It is called the "Stars and Stripes". It is said that Betsy Ross sewed the first flag. It features 13 horizontal red and white stripes (for the first colonies which formed the U.S.A.) and 50 stars on the blue background. Red means courage, blue justice and white innocence. There is a star for every state of the USA. The official language of the USA is English; Spanish is also widely spoken. The currency of the USA is the United States Dollar. The government of the USA is composed of three coordinate branches: the executive, legislative and the judicial. All the three branches are equal. The executive power is vested in the president, who holds office for a term of four year. At the moment George W. Bush is the president. The president is elected together with a vice-president
Since Australia is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter, and the other way round. States and Territories. Australia consists of six states, two territories and eight external territories. The six states are: Western Australia (capital Perth), South Australia (capital Adelaide), Queenslnd (capital Brisbane), New South Wales (capital Sydney), Victoria (capital Melbourne) and Tasmania (capital Hobert). The two territories are the Northern territory (capital Darwin) and the Capital territory (capital Canberra). Politics The head of the state is the queen of the United Kingdom. She is represented by governor general. The head of the government is the prime minister. Australia's parliament consists of the Senate (77 members) and the House of Representatives(148 members). Australia's Flag and Coat of Arms. Australia's flag has a Brittish flag, five stars that represent the constellation Southern Cross
Society and culture of english-sspeaking countries Introduction 1. The countries of the world where the English language is spoken. 2. Approximate number of mother tongue speakers of English approximately 350-400 million native speakers. Which place does English occupy in the world by its number of speakers?After which language? English occupies second place by its number of speakers after Mandarin Chinese. 3. What is the difference between English as a Second Language, English as a Foreign Language and English for Specific Purposes? Give examples of situations where they are used. English as a Second Language (ESL or TESL) is a traditional term for the use or study of the English language by non-native speakers in an English-speaking environment. That environment may be a country in which English is the mother tongue (e.g., Australia, the U.S.) or one in which English has an established role (e.g., India, Nigeria)
Indians in everyday conversation. They are still legally categorized by the Canadian Government under the Indian Act as Status Indians. Those who have lost their legal status are called Non-Status Indians. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau tried to get rid of the Indian Act, but First Nations political groups insisted on keeping it, because it defines their special status. The Inuit are the people who originally lived in the Arctic. Their language is Inuktitut, but it has several dialects the differ considerably from place to place. The Métis, are the group of people who resulted from the mixing of European and Native men and women. The Métis developed a unique culture that included elements of both European and Native ways and artifacts (clothes, tools, means of travel, etc.). They pride themselves on their distinctiveness from both the cultures from which they are descended. 3
Quebec. 2. Geographical position Canada is a huge country in the continent of North America. It is bordered with the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, the United States of America in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north. Canada is a vast country, with a territory of 3.8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. 3. Relief Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains. There are thousands of miles of coastline with beaches, fjords and wild rivers flowing to the oceans. Canada is a country of wide open spaces and beautiful
The national anthem of the United States is "The Star-Spangled Banner", with lyrics written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key. There are 6 time zones. From east to west they are: Eastern Standard Time, which is 5 hours behind Greenwich Time, Central Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, which is 7 hours behind Greenwich Time, Pacific Standard Time. Alaska and Hawaii have their own time zones: Alaska Standard Time and Hawaii Standard Time. Geographical Position The USA lies in the Northern Hemisphere in North America. It covers a big part of the continent and is also the third largest country in the world. The country consists of 50 states, but two of them lie separately. One of them is Alaska, which is near the Arctic Circle. And the other state is Hawaii, which is a group of island is the Pacific Ocean. The USA shares the border with Canada in the north and Mexico in the south. In the east the coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and in the west by the Pacific Ocean
Teacher: Merike Sisask Composer: Kärt Kalvet 2010 Canada, Kärt Kalvet 8a Canada General Information Canada is in North America. It's area is 9220970 sq km. Canada's population is 313.612.000 people. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Canada has constitutional monarchy. The head of state in Canada's government is the Queen of England. There are two main languages in Canada: English and French. Canada's curreny is Canadian dollar (1 dollar=100 cents[Can$]). The highest peak of Canada is Mount Logan, 5959 metres. The lowest point is sea level. The longest river is the Mackenzie. The climate and geography of Canada vary greatly from temperate in the south to arctic in the north and from islands and plains in the east to mountains in the west. Location Canada is located in the northern-most region of North America. It's geographical position in co-
American literature The literary history of this nation when the first humanbeing living in what has since become the U.S used language creatively. · Mid to late 18 century put down · Words are powerful, magical · Words must be remembered · Native Americans stories creation of the world · Attidude thought their land/language · Similar stories Dates and names · America was discovered in 1492 by Columbus · 1497 John Cabot went to Canada · 1579 San Fransisco/St. Fransis · 1607 Jamestown collony/John Smith
Compiler: Maiki Joakit Instructor: Mailis Teppo Misso 2011 New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island), and numerous smaller islands, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands. The indigenous Mori language name for New Zealand is Aotearoa, commonly translated as land of the long white cloud. Population (1998): 3,801,000.New Zealand is notable for its geographic isolation; it is situated about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) southeast of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and its closest neighbours to the north are New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga. During its long isolation New Zealand developed a distinctive fauna dominated by birds, a number of which
It’s 6th largest country. Its area is about 7.6 million sq km. One third of it is occupied by deserts. It’s both the flattest and, except for Antarctica the driest. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea in the north, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu in the northeast, and New Zealand in the southeast. Its capital is Canberra. Other big cities are Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane. National language in Australia is English. Monetary unit is Australian dollar. Their national holiday is on the 26th of January. In 1788 on the 26th of January the first fleet arrived at Botany Bay and established a penal colony near modern-day Sydney. Geographical Position Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. It’s the only continent except for Antarctica that is all south of equator. Sometimes Australia is called the island continent. There is a great reason why. It really is an island. It is 2880 km
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Situated to the north of the United States, in North America, it has both English and French as its official languages. Even though its area is bigger than that of the United States, its population is only about 11% of that of the USA some 35 million. Because of that, Canada has one of the lowest population densities in the world. The capital of Canada is Ottawa the name of whose comes from the old Algonquin language, with the original word meaning `to trade'. Due to the country's huge size and position, it is very diverse. It is bordered by the Pacific
The Cold Table Flounder The first course in traditional Estonian cuisine is based on cold dishes - a selection of meats and sausages served with potato salad or Rosolje, an Estonian signature dishes based on beetroot, meat and herring . Small pastries called pirukad ("pirukas" in the singular) - a relative of the pirozhki - filled with meat, cabbage, carrots, rice and other fillings or mixtures are also popular, and are often served with bouillon. Herring is common among other fish as a part of the Estonian Cold Table. Smoked or marinated eel, crayfish dishes and imported crabs and shrimps are considered delicacies. One of Estonia's national dishes is räim (Baltic dwarf herring), along with sprats. Flounder, perch and pike-perch are also popular. Soups Soups are traditionally eaten before the main course and most often are made of meat or chicken stock mixed with a variety of vegetables. Soups are also blended with sour cream, milk and yogurt. The Main Course
Intercultural communication What is business English? Loosely defined, BE refers to the Engl lg used in international trade or business. Loosely defined, BE refers to the Engl lg used in international trade or business. It is a specialized area of the Engl lg learning and teaching largely attributed to non-native English speakers Aim to enhance their chances of doing business with companies from English speaking countries. BE can refer to the study of business Engl voc used in the fields of trade, business, finance, or international relations. If the study focuses on techniques on business presentations, negotiations, correspondence, writing and other skills needed for business communications, then it can be classified as the study of Business English communication skills in the workplace. Both are important and used usually together. Culture. Barriers to Intercultural communication
longhouses. Later the indigenous people were called indians, by Christopher Columbus who thought that he had reached to India. COLONIAL AMERICA As far as people know were the Vikings first European settlers to visit America. but in 1492, an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus reached southern America when he was looking for a sea route from Europe to India. He is called to be the man who discovered America. In 1607 two very different groups of English people came to America. a group of farmers began a colony in Jamestown, Virginia. They had to fought with indians and most of them died because there were many diseases and the didn't have enough to eat. But the daughter of an Indian chief, Pocahontas, helped them. The farmers discovered that it was easy to grow tobacco in Virginia, so they bought black people as slaves to work on the fields. They found a big market for their tobacco in Europe.
.....................................................10 Introduction I chose finland because there are friendly people and beautiful nature. Finland is bigger than Estonia. There lives over 5 milj. people. Finland capital is Helsingi and there lives about 2 milj. people. Highest top is 1328m. Finland is bordersed with Sweden to the west, Russia to the east and Norway to the north. It is the eight largest city in Europe. Most Finns speak Finnish. The second language is Swedish. Finland is rated the sixth most peaceful country in the World. In Finland there are more than 60000 lakes. Capital: Helsinki Area: 338145km2 Population: 5200000 Language: Finnish, Swedish Currency: Euro (EUR) Goverment: Parliamentary republic President: Tarja Halonen
That country is Australia. The continent it fills is Australia, too. Australia, then, is both a country and a continent. If someone wants to make clear that he is speaking of the country, he may call it by its full name of Commonwealth of Australia. Sixty million years ago Australia and its nearby islands were separated from the rest of the world by a great upheaval. They were cut off from Asia by the ocean. Very few people and almost no animals visited Australia before English colonists began to settle there in 1788. During all those 60 million years the native Australian mammals developed by themselves, undisturbed by the animals developing elsewhere. Australia is the only continent except Antarctica that is all south of the equator. It's name means "southland". Since it is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter and the other way round. Sometimes Australia is called the island continent
CANADA Geography Canada is the world's second largest country in total area after Russia , since it covers nearly 10 million square kilometres, but is one of the most sparsely populated, with only about 34 million inhabitants. The majority of them live within 300 kilometres of Canada's southern border. Much of the rest of Canada is uninhabited or thinly populated, because the country has a rugged terrain and severe climate. Canada extends across the continent of North America, from Newfoundland on the Atlantic coast to British Columbia on the Pacific coast and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Canada shares land borders with the United States to the south and north-west. Canada is a land of great variety. Towering mountains, crystal-clear lakes, and lush, green
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