EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks. The authors of the study explained the statistics by popularity, big size and powerfulness of the named breeds and their ability to do a lot of damage. Besides, about the pit bull attacks the absence of warning from a dog played a significant role, because due to the custom of docking (cutting short) pit bulls’ tails warning signals could n...
1. Can the PB&R company successfully claim any violation of the EU law related rights? Examination 1. Can we say that an animal (a dog) is a good? – Yes. According to Article 13 TFEU dogs do belong to a “goods” category so as it is described in CJEU case law that a good is a product which can be valued in money and which is capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions. Therefore PB&R company and its business is selling dogs, or shall I say goods not just on a local fields, but the movement of goods is linked to abroad EU countries by making a profit of it I shall conclude that it involves a “movement of goods within the EU Member States” (Articles 26 and 37). 2. Is there a restriction of trade in goods? a. Can we name an animal, or to be more exact a dog as a “good” – yes, in accordance of Article 13 TFEU: “In formulating and implementing the ...
Pros and Cons of the European Union The European Union is a unique partnership between 27 democratic countries in the Europe. The European Union has brought peace and economic prosperity to Europe. The European Union helps a lot of countries and many Europe countries wish to be EU members. But is it really useful to join into the union? The European Union has a lot of pros, but there are also some cons. On the one hand, the European Union gives benefits to Member States. Firstly, it is easy to travel from one Member State to another, live, study or even work there. Secondly, there is no need to change money because most Member States use Euro as the common currency. Thirdly, thanks to the European Union food products became safer and phone calls to European countries cheaper. Furthermore, if somebody has own company, it is easy for him to offer his products and services in other Union countries. Fin...
EU Internal Market Group Work I: History and Purpose of the Internal Market Please connect terms (numbers) with correct description (letter), for example 17 M 1 Common Market A ... is characterized by free movement of goods between the participating countries, but autonomous external trade policies in relation to non-participants. 2 Comparative B A top-down approach to integration that can be best Advantage explained by market failure. 3 Customs Union C Allows for specialization, specialization leads to ...
Court of Auditors.The first four of these hold the executive and legislative power of the European Union. Of these four institutions, the only one directly elected is the European Parliament whose 736 members are elected every 5 years; each citizen in each member state having the right to vote. Seats are subsequently assigned to member-states in accordance with their population, and for the purpose of sustaining some balance and proportionality, no member-state takes in excess of 99, however no less than 5. In addition to this, the European Council consists of the heads of state and the Council consists of representatives for each member, who have been elected by the citizens of their own country. In contrast, the Commission is an unelected body consisting of persons nominated by each member state rather than elected by its citizens. Secondly, the legislative process must be considered alongside the appointment procedures of
1. Match the term to heir definition A parish priest in the Church of England = vicar, rector A member of the highest order of ministry in the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches who supervises a diocese = bishop A person authorized to conduct religious worship in the Church of Scotland= minister, deacons, “elders”, readers 2. Which of the following is considered ascribed status? Job Gender - yes Age - yes Position Race – yes 3. A member state of the Commonwealth of Nations which recognizes Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state is called A Crown dependency A constituent country A Commonwealth realm - see 4. The principle that an individual human’s beliefs and activities should be understood bu other in terms of that individual’s own culture is known as Chauvinism Ethnocentrism Racism Cultural relativism- see 5. Math the examinations to their explanations An examination...
Introduction and history of the European Union History The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between neighbours, which culminated in the Second World War. The idea is that countries who trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely avoid conflict.The ancestor of the European Union is the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) which was created with the Treaty of Paris (1951) and was signed by France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and West Germany (total of 6 countries). European Economic Community (EEC) was created with the Treaty of Rome (1958), establishing a customs union (tolliliit). The European Union (EU) was created by the Maastricht Treaty which came into effect on November 1st 1993. Introduction The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union.EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact...
Tallinn University TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION Tallinn 2013 INTRODUCTION The accession negotiations and the forthcoming Turkish accession present challenges to both Turkey and the EU. It is widely accepted that Turkey's accession would be different from previous enlargements because of the combined impact of Turkey's population, size, geographical location, economic, security and military potential. The case of Turkey will be different and more challenging from previous accessions for a number of reasons, some of them are presented below. Turkey is a country with a large population and geographic area. With a population of 74 million today, it is projected that it could be the largest member state at the time of accession. As a Moslem secular country, Turkey will also add a new demographic and religious dimension to the EU. Also, the presence of a large number of Turkish immigrants in European count...
European Union Research Compose: x X School 2009/10 What is European Union? The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries. EU population is almost a half milliard European union stands for caring and fair community. All EU members are devoted to peace, democracy, human rights respecting and working together to spread these values all the world. History The beginning of EU might consider the year 1951, when European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was constitute. Six countries joined with it for peace: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, France and Germany. With that move, coal and steel industry were put under one organisation, so war was almost impossible between these six country. Cooperation in different areas improved, when in 25. March 1957 Treaties of Rom , European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community memora...
1. UN as a world organization The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for ea...
The Membership of World Organisations Merilin Tamme Xa Tallinna Järveotsa Gymnasium 2008 The schedule · 04.04.1949 establishment of NATO. · 1951 Supreme Headquarters Allied Power Europe (SHAPE) was created near Paris in France. Later, SHAPE was relocated to Mons in Belgium. · 1952 Greece and Turkey join NATO. · 1955 Western Germany joins NATO. · 1982 Spain joins NATO. · 1991 Rome summit. Estonia is one of the founding members of the NACC. · January 1994 Brussels summit. Estonia joins PFP on 3 February. · March 1995 Estonia submits the first Individual Partnership for Peace (IPP) to NATO. It contains priority areas of cooperation with NATO and future cooperation events, altogether in 23 subject fields. · March 1997 beginning of involvement of Estonia in peacekeeping mission in SFOR (Stabilisation Force) in Bosnia Herz...
Ireland Ireland (Irish: Éire, Irish pronunciation:) is a country in north-western Europe. The modern sovereign state occupies about five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was first partitioned on 3 May 1921. It is bordered by Northern Ireland--part of the United Kingdom--to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Irish Sea to the east and the Celtic Sea and St George's Channel to the South and South-East. The legal name of the state is simply "Ireland", but its legal description the Republic of Ireland is sometimes used to differentiate the state from the island. On 29 December 1937 Ireland became the successor-state to the Irish Free State, itself established on 6 December 1922. Ireland was one of the poorest countries in Western Europe and had high emigration. The protectionist economy was opened in the late 1950s and Ireland joined the European Communities (now the European Un...
February 24: Independence Day The Republic of Estonia was founded on February 24, 1918 when the Salvation Committee, Päästekomitee, declared the independence of the Republic of Estonia. This date was celebrated as the Day of Independence until the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940. During the Soviet occupation, the Independence Day was festively celebrated in Estonian communities around the world. Every year, the US Secretary of State sent greetings on the occasion to the Ambassador of the Republic of Estonia to the United States, Ernst Jaakson. On February 24, 1989, the red flag of Soviet Estonia was replaced by the blue-black-white Estonian national flag on Toompea and since that time the Independence Day has been celebrated as a public holiday again. This year Estonia will celebrate the 83rd anniversary of the declaration of the state independence. A Quest for Independence For centur...
Public International Law is a system of law, different from domestic law. Why is this system unique? Usually law regulates relations between people, people and the state etc, PIL regulates relations between states. Thats why PIL is important for international relation students. PIL influences the life of everybody, it doesn't regulate people directly but indirectly (through the decisions of the states), because it's everywhere. It's like air. E.g. when you want to send a letter to Brazil, you put a stamp from your own country and send it from your post office and the letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they ...
Estonia is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2 (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a humid continental climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is a Finno-Ugric language closely related to Finnish, and distantly to Hungarian and to the Sami languages. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into fifteen counties, with its capital and largest city being Tallinn. Estonia's population of 1.3 million makes it one of the least-populous member states of the European Union, Eurozone and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. A developed country with an advanced, high-income economy, Estonia has ...
EL eksam European Institutions Council of the European Union – Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu (ministrid) - Legislative ja budgetary - Peab läbirääkimisi õigusaktide üle ja võtab need vastu (väga oluline otsustaja) otsustajaks vaja majorityt - Koordineerib liikmesriikide poliitikaid (majandus, haridus, kultuur, tööhõive jne) - Arendab EL ühist välis- ja julgeolekupoliitikat - Sõlmib rahvusvahelisi lepinguid (annab komisjonile volitused pidada EL nimel läbirääkimisi) - Võtab vastu eelarve (koos parlamendiga) - Liikmeteks valitsuse ministrid igast ELi liikmesriigist vastavalt arutamisele kuuluvale poliitikavaldkonnale st esindab riike; permanent representaties (COREPER) - Eesistuja!!! - Asutati 1958 ECSC raames Council of Europe – Euroopa Nõukogu - Rahvusvaheline organisatsioon; 47 riiki Euroopast ja Aasiast - Tegevusvaldkonnad: inimõi...
Born: February 23rd, 1874 (Tahkuranna Parish) Died: January 18th, 1956 (Kalninin, Russia) Lawyer (University of Tartu) First president of Republic of Estonia Päts was born in Tahkuranna Parish to a family of Jakob Päts and Olga Tumanova. He started learning in local school. Continued in Riga's seminar and then went to Pärnu's Gymnasium. He graduated in Tartu University In 1898, Päts graduated from the faculty of Law of Tartu University. From 1901 to 1905 he worked as an editor in newspaper "Teataja". Päts had to escape from Estonia, because he was found guilty for rebellious activity. Päts lived in Finland and Switzerland and returned to Estonia in 1909, when he had to serve nine months in St. Petersburg's prison. Päts was a member of the Salvation Committee that issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918. On the same ...
*Estonians conquered by the crusaders 1208 *Reformation 16th century establishments of new school, Estonians first book appeared in 1525 *Tartu University 1632 founded by King Gustavus II Adolphus, classical university, member of the Coimbra group *Abolition of serfdom 1816 *Song festival 1869 in Tartu, an organiser was J.V.Jannsen, 822 singers, men only *Declaration of independence 24th February 1918 *War of independence 1918-1920 during the Russian Civil War, resulted in a victory for Estonia *Deportation 1949 *Estonia becomes independent 20th August 1991 *Joining EU 1st May 2004 Language: Estonian language, belongs to the Balti-Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages, closely realted to Finnish and rather remotely to Hungarian; Latin alphabet with 32 letters , 5 of which occur only in foreign words, the phenomes include 9 vowels and 18 consonants; words are borrowed from Latin, Greek, English etc.; sinc...
European Union Exam 1949 France, UK and the Benelux countries decide to set in place a Council of Europe. 1951 Treaty of Paris signed by the Six (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands), establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). 1957 Treaties of Rome establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). 1959 July, seven countries of the Organisation for European Economic Co- operation (OEEC) – Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK – decide to establish a European Free Trade Association (EFTA). 1960 Creation of European Free Trade Association 1961 UK applies to join the Community. 1962 The Parliamentary Assembly changes its name to the European Parliament. 1965 The Treaty merging the executives of the three Communities (ECSC, EEC, Euratom) is signed in Brussels; enters into force on July 1, 1967. Empty chair crisis 1966 Luxembou...
U.S.A Seattle Seattle · Seattle is the city on the West Coast of the United States, in the Washington state. · This city is known as grunge-music, Jimi Hendrix, Boeing, Starbucks, Amazon.com and Microsoft birthcity. · It is also known because high cultural reputation. · The people in Seattle is the most educated and trained in the USA. · Tourists love Seattle because its good reputation of culture, sport, beautiful landmark, friendly people and sights. Washington State · Nearly 60% of Washington's residents live in the Seattle metropolitan area, the center of transportation, business, and industry, and home to an internationally known arts community. Starbucks · Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world. And its incubate more and more all over the world. Culture · The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra is among the world'...
Western australia § Western Australia is state of Australia § The states´s capital is Perth § Western Australia is bounded by South Australia and the Northern Territory to the east, and the Indian Ocean to the west and north. § Highest moutain is Mounth Meharry § The population is about 2,2 miljon inhabitants. History Australian Aboriginal were the original inhabitants of Australia (60000 years ago). The first European visiter was Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog in 1616. On 1 January 1901, Western Australia joined the other Australia states. 1890 the population started to grow due to discovering gold. Coat of arms Flag Australian aboriginal culture According to Australian Aboriginal culture belief, spirit ancestors breathe life and energy into traditional dance, song and design and play a crucial role. Australian Aboriginal culture is widely seen as one of th...
Case study: Launching of a Communication Satellite Luxembourg France The facts: · Luxtra, a Luxembourgian broadcasting company, intends to launch a communication satellite · Type : Medium-power satellite using the Ku band · Purpose : To broadcast Luxembourgian TV channels throughout the EU · Engages help from France: Ø Launching of satellite with Ariane V Ø Launch pad in Kourou, French Guiana I) Responsibilities for outer space activities 1) Outer Space Treaty (Treaty on principles governing the activities of states in the exploration and use of outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies) Who are the launching states? Luxembourg state who is funding the launch - state to which the satellite belongs France - state who is launching the satellite - state whose territory is used to launch (French Guiana) ...
How does the United States influence Estonia? The United States of America is one of the most influential countries in the world. Its’ influence can be seen even in Estonia. Estonian national security is built upon being a member of NATO and it is dependent on Article 5. Therefore, it is important for us to be in good political relations with America because it is the most influential member of the organization. To stay in good terms some of our political decisions might be affected by the United States, however, it will stay out of the public view. Although Estonia is not directly dependant on America economically but as the United States’ economy has an effect on the global economy, we are bound to be influenced indirectly. In the cultural aspect, Americanisation is taking spreading all over the world. In our everyday life, we are exposed to American culture because it is everywhere: music, films, food. With th...
Estonia Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe with an area of about 45 000 sq km. As a part of the East-European Plain, the country has a rather flat surface. The highest and most diverse region in Estonia is in the south-eastern part of the country. At 318 metres, Suur Munamägi is not only the highest point in Estonia, but of all the Baltic countries. There are about 1500 islands in Estonia, the biggest of which being Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Sixty-four species of mammals have been recorded in Estonia, three of them have been introduced: the racoon dog, the American mink and the muskrat. A couple of species have been re-introduced The European beaver, who was hunted to extinction by the end of the 19th century. A vital population of them now exists in Estonia once again. Another re- introduced species is the red deer. An attempt has been made in Estonia in recent years to disperse the p...
Winston Churchill (1874 - 1965) Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born on 30 November 1874 at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire. His father was the prominent Tory politician, Lord Randolph Churchill. Churchill attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, before embarking on an army career. He saw action on the North West Frontier of India and in the Sudan. While working as a journalist during the Boer War he was captured and made a prisoner-of-war before escaping. In 1900, Churchill became Conservative member of parliament for Oldham. But he became disaffected with his party and in 1904 joined the Liberal Party. When the Liberals won the 1905 election, Churchill was appointed undersecretary at the Colonial Office. In 1908 he entered the Cabinet as president of the Board of Trade, becoming home secretary in 1910. The following year he became first lord of the Admiralty. He held this post in the first months of Worl...
History Partners Activities Structure Strategy History On December 1, 1991 Estonian Air was created. In 1996, the Estonian state decided to privatise the airline and 66% of the shares were put on sale. In 2003, Maersk Air sold its 49% share to SAS Group. Partners v Scandinavias Airlaines v Aeroflot, Russian Airlaines v Belavia, Belarusian Airlaines v AeroSvit, Ukrainian Airlaines v Spanair, Spanish Airlaines v KLM, Royal Dutch Airlaines v Brussels Airlaines v Rossiya, Russian Airlaines Activities Ø Estonian Air'sprincipal field of activity is provided scheduled flights to both business and holiday travellers Ø Estonian Air's fields of activity include training of flight attendants, freight transport and the on-board sale of merchandise. Structure to edit Master text styles Click to edit Master text styles econd level Second level Third level ...
Established church The Church of England is the established church, which means that: 1.)the Monarch is the Supreme Governor of the church, 2.)the Church performs a number of official functions, 3.)Church and State are linked. To disestablish Disestablishmentarianism refers to campaigns to sever links between church and state, particularly in relation to the Church of England as an established church. It was initially a movement in the United Kingdom in the 18th century. The established churches in Wales and Ireland could not count on even nominal adherence by a majority of the population of those countries. In Ireland, the predominantly Roman Catholic population campaigned against the position of the established Anglican Church of Ireland - eventually disestablished in Ireland from 1 January 1871. A broad church The Church of England is a broad church, representing a wide spectrum of theological thought and practice ...
Tallinn The first traces of human settlement found in Tallinn's city center by archeologists are about 5000 years old. In 1050 the first fortress was built on Tallinn Toompea.[3] In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. On 24 February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German occupation and a war of independence with Russia. On 2 February 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the independence of the Estonian Republic. Tallinn became the capital of an independent Estonia. After World War II started, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1940, and later occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941–44. After Nazi retreat in 1944, it was occupie...
Report A report is based on facts/data etc. The writer knows more than the reader. The reader needs the information. A report should be clear and easy to follow. The person who reads it should find the information quickly. THINK: why you are writing the report, why the reader needs your report and what she might be interested in. Think about the best way to present the facts. If it’s a report of events (e.g. a traffic accident), describe them in chronological order. It should NOT be written like a letter! NO salutation/sign-off. Impersonal style (PASSIVE!), unless you make suggestions or give personal opinion – then you can use “I”. Formal language –no contractions, slang, etc. You can use the following format at the beginning of the report: To: From: (DO NOT write your own name. A member of the student committee etc. is fine) Subject: Basic structure 200 (+/- 10%) Introduction: Aim of the report Status of the writer (who ...
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining. Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent to the parl...
Washington Washington is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States located north of Oregon, west of Idaho, and south of the Canadian province of British Columbia on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States, the state was made out of the western part of the Washington Territory, which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 in accordance with the Oregon Treaty in the settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute. It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Olympia is the state capital of Washington. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, D.C., the capital of the U.S., which is often shortened to Washington. Washington is the 18th largest with an area of 184,827 sq/km and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million pe...
The United States is a democracy. The Constitution, laws and traditions of the United States give the people the right to determine who will be the leader of their nation, who will make the laws and what the laws will be. The Constitution also guarantees individual freedom to all. In 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered the New World. Within a few years, the more powerful nations of Europe were claiming great areas there and establishing colonies to support their claims. Most of the colonists were English, but there were also Germans in Pennsylvania, Swedes in Delaware and Dutch in New York. Some of the early British colonists had come to the New World in hopes of enriching themselves, some came because Britain forced them to leave and some because of the opportunity , which did not exist for them in Europe, to own land or practice a trade. But there were also reasons, which had great influence on the shaping of the political system of...
Finland judicial system Roadmap Finnish judicial system General courts Administrative courts Special courts Lay judges in Finland The Finnish judicial system consist of: ● Courts ● Prosecution service ● Enforcement authorities ● Prison and probation service ● Bar Association General courts 1.District Courts 2.Courts of Appeal 3.Supreme Court District court ( Finnish: käräjäoikeus) 27 district courts Criminal cases, civil cases and petitionary matters Chief Judge and District Judges Courts of Appeal 5 courts Chief Justice and Senior Justices Appointed by the president The Supreme Court Helsinki President and 18 justices Function is to rule on important points of law Gives advice to President and Ministry of Justice Administrative courts Regional Administrative Court 8 courts The judicial oversight of administrative acts is the task of the administrative courts. Cases like land use, buildi...
Otto August Strandman Otto August Strandman was an Estonian politican, who served as State Elder of Estonia in 1929 and Prime Minister in 1919. He was one of the leaders of the centre-left of Estonian Labour Party. Strandman was born on 30 November, 1875 in the village of Vandu. Vandu is pretty close to Kadrina. Vandu is situated in Undla Parish, Viru County. His father was Hans Strandman, who was a schoolteacher in Undla Parish, Neeruti Mansion. He had also one brother Andres and one sister Anna. Otto was his third child. Hans was a very good father, because first education got Otto by father. In 1886, he went to the municipal school of Rakvere and in 1888 to Emperor Alexander State High School in Tallinn, later High School in Saint Petersburg. In 1896, he graduated as an extern in the Estonian Governorate High School of Tallinn. In 1907, Otto married to Lydia Hindrikson. Their first two ch...
South Africa Apartheid and before South Africa was created by peoples from Africa, Asia, and Europe. created their own states , combined (sometimes through war, sometimes through negotiation) to form the current South African state. The important thing is not what states were called or how long they lasted, but how they were organised, maintained control, gained and lost legitimacy. South African state formed out of: Conquest Colonization Slavery Indentured labour Racially discriminatory laws reserved jobs for whites; differential pay-scales etc Post 1910 state strong and centralized institutionalised racism: "power, wealth and privileges [distributed] unequally on a racial basis" (Giliomee, 1995, p190) Farming and mining (the basis of the economy) both required large work forces. Once slavery was abolished, need for to generate labour force. Taxation (poll tax) used to force blacks...
Tallinn English College English Anita Kuprijanovits Form 8b THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Report Supervisor: Mare Kallas Tallinn 2009 Introduction Name: The United States of America Area: ~10 mln km2 Population: ~300 mln people Symbols: The American Flag- consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white and represent the Thirteen Colonies. The 50 small, white stars represent the 50 U.S. states. The U.S. flag is commonly called ,,the Stars and Stripes". The Statue of Liberty, that is locatd in New York,is a gift from the France. The Libety Bell, that is a bronze bell that symbolizes freedom in the United States of America. It is located in Pennsylvania,U.S. Capital: Washington D.C Biggest city: New York National language: English Location U.S is locat...
Estonian Defence League The Estonian Defence League is part of the Defence Forces. The task of the Estonian Defence League is to enchance, by relying on free will and self-initiative, the nation's readiness to defend the independence of Estonia and its constitutional order. There are over 13 000 members in the Estonian Defence League. Together with affiliated organisations Women's Home Defence, Young Eagles and Home Daughters, the Estonian Defence League has more than 21 000 volunteers in action. There are also public figures in the organisation. The Estonian Defence League unites loyal citizens who wish and are able to work voluntarily and without receiving any remuneration for protecting the internal order of the state and improving the sense of security. According to the Estonian Defence League Act they co- operate with the police, local governments, border guard, rescue board and fire-fighters. Member...
Data of New Zealand. · Capital - Wellington. · Largest city - Aucland. · Official languages - English, Maori, NZ Sign Language. · Government - Constitutional monarchy . · - Head of State Queen Elizabeth II . · - Governor-General Anand Satyanand . · - Prime Minister Helen Clark . · Independence from the UK in September 26, 1907. · Area- 268 680 km². Water (%)2.1. · Population - 4,143,279 . · Currency New Zealand dollar. New Zealand geography. · New Zealand is a country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. · New Zealand comprises two main islands . · NZ has got many smaller islands. · NZ is mountanious country. The highest peak is Aoraki/Mount Cook at 3754 meters. · NZ have an active volcano Mount Ruapehu. · The climate throughout the country is mild, mostly cool temperate to warm temperate, with temperatures rarely falling below 0°C (32°F) or rising above 30°C (86°F) · The climate in West is different from...
Sightseeing in Estonia Tallinn TV Tower The Tallinn TV Tower (Tallinna teletorn) is a free-standing structure with an observation deck, built to provide better telecommunication services for the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics regatta event (see Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics). It is located near Pirita, six km north-east of the Tallinn city center. The tower has a specified height of 314 m (1030.2 ft), though some sources put it at 312.6 m (1026.6 ft). The building is administered by the public company Levira (formerly Estonian Broadcasting Transmission Center Ltd) and is a member of the World Federation of Great Towers. The tower was designed by architects David Baziladze and Juri Sinis. The cornerstone was laid on September 30, 1975, and the building was inaugurated July 11, 1980 (although the first transmission took place in 1979). The tower body was constructed of reinforced concrete rings 50 c...
INVESTBULGARIA AGENCY WHO ARE WE InvestBulgaria Agency (IBA) is a Government institution providing information, contacts and project management support to potential investors. IBA services: Macroeconomic data on Bulgaria Data on operational costs Regional information Personalized administrative servicing Legal advice Liaison with central and local governments Liaison with branch chambers and NGOs www.investbg.government.bg GENERAL INFORMATION Official name: Republic of Bulgaria Area: 110 994 sq.m. Population: 7.4 million Capital: Sofia Time zone: EET (UTC+2) Official language: Bulgarian Currency: Lev (BGN) Fixed exchange rate: 1 = BGN 1.95583 Type of government: Parliamentary Member of: EU, NAT...
BOOK REPORT FORM 11 TITLE: Clockwork Orange AUTHOR: Anthony Burgess YEAR: 1962 ILLUSTRATOR: DESCRIBE THE SETTING Action takes place in England in future. Korova Milkbar is a palce where Alex and his friends(who he calls droogs) spend time. Milkshakes, which include alcohol, are sold to minors. They also spent much time in a bar called Duke of New York. POINT OF VIEW Book is written using the first person perspective Alex's narration includes many uncommon words and a slang called Nadsat, which are apparently common to the speech of the youth subculture in the novel. MAIN CHARACTERS Alex is a protagonist. Alex is very easily irritable and very violent, for example he is very fond of opera and classical music but his friend Dim mocks it. Alex gets furious and punches Dim. He is also very arrogant even his gang members think so. The only thing that A...
1. Society- people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial or geographical, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. 2. Culture- beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. 3. A unitary state- a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self- governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. 5. A multinational state- A multinational state is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state...
Gümnaasium Prague referaat Autor: Klass: Juhendaja: 2010 CONTENTS 1. Contents 2. Introduction 3. Compendium about Prague 4. Important about Czech Republic and Prague 5.-7. History 8. Independence 9. Main sights 10. the Czech Republic 11. List of famous people from Prague 12. Geography 13. Weather and climate 14. Population 15. Culture 2 INTRODUCTION The Czech Republic lies at the heart of Central Europe and at its center is the beautiful and historic city of Prague. With a population of some 1.3 million residents, the city lies on either side of the Vltava River in the middle of Bohemia that is one of the three historic Czech territories; the others being Moravia and Silesia. The city has sev...
The Federal Bureau of Investigation "Fidelity, Bravery, and Integrity." 1 Birgit Majas Overview established in 1908 current director, Robert S. Mueller, III On July 31, 2009, had a total of 32,709 employees. Headquarters in Washington, D.C. FBI budget $6.4 billion Legal personality: Governmental: Government agency 2 Director appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate term of each FBI Director is limited to ten years current Director, Robert S. Mueller, III confirmed as Director of the FBI by the Senate on August 2, 2001 took the oath of office on September 4, 2001 3 Jurisdictional structure Fe...
How does the United States influence Estonia? United States of America is one of the most influencial countries in the world. It influences the whole world with their political views, military forced etc. To my mind, one of the biggest influences that the United States has on us is the language. Estonian language surely is very beautiful but has a lot of loans from other languages. Also in colloquial language, especially with the younger generation, we switch a lot of words. Like instead of saying "vabandust" we say "sorry". Estonia is not economically dependent on the United States because they are not one of our most important trading partners, but as the economics of the United States has a great influence on the world economy, they can still indirectly have an influence on Estonian economy. Estonia is mainly influenced by the Americanization that is taking over the whole world. American products are everywhere:...
How does the United States influence Estonia? United States of America is one of the most influencial countries in the world. It influences the whole world with their political views, military forced etc. To my mind, one of the biggest influences that the United States has on us is the language. Estonian language surely is very beautiful but has a lot of loans from other languages. Also in colloquial language, especially with the younger generation, we switch a lot of words. Like instead of saying "vabandust" we say "sorry". Estonia is not economically dependent on the United States because they are not one of our most important trading partners, but as the economics of the United States has a great influence on the world economy, they can still indirectly have an influence on Estonian economy. Estonia is mainly influenced by the Americanization that is taking over the whole world. American products are everywhere:...
ACCESS ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET Student Name: Alex Callaghan EC1305063 Course: Access to Humanities Tutor: John Gordon Assessment Title: Critically evaluate Locke's theory of limited government Number of Words 1616 NOTE: The ESSAY should be 1500 words in length. Student signature - Alex Callaghan Date - 24/04/2014 Critically evaluate Locke's theory of limited government The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom. For in all the states of created beings, capable of laws, where there is no law there is no freedom. John Locke Although John Locke is not the progenitor of social contract theory and is not by any means the last philosopher to wrestle with this concept, his views on fiduciary power, majority consent and limited government have been instrumental in western political thought from the time of the publication of his Two treatises of government to the present day. Locke...
ERLE MAIDO TAAB11 Report Purpose The purpose of this report is to give an overview of Estonian population, political factors, technological factors, economic factors and the trends in Estonian economy compared to Germany and to briefly discuss Estonian business environment. Estonian population The total population of Estonia is 1 313 271 according to Statistics Estonia, of which 69.1% are Estonians, 25.1% Russians, 4.9% of which are of different nationalities for example Ukrainians, Belarusians and Finns. Rest are of unknown nationality. 68.5% of population speaks Estonian as a mother language, 29.6% speaks Russian as a mother language and 0.6% Ukrainian. Estonia has only one official language which is Estonian. Ac...
Canada is the second largest country in the world. Situated to the north of the United States, in North America, it has both English and French as its official languages. Even though its area is bigger than that of the United States, its population is only about 11% of that of the USA some 35 million. Because of that, Canada has one of the lowest population densities in the world. The capital of Canada is Ottawa the name of whose comes from the old Algonquin language, with the original word meaning `to trade'. Due to the country's huge size and position, it is very diverse. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atlantic to the east, and the Arctic to the north. The landscapes differ greatly from rolling plains and mountains to the cold tundra in the northern part of the country. Geographically, the country's split into 5 major regions the Pacific, the Prairie Provinces, Central Canada, the Atlantic Provinces and...
British Parliament Structure and Functioning of the British Parliament today Britain is a parliamentary monarchy . The British Parliament is a bicameral parliament , that is to say that it is made up of two chambers, or two "Houses"; above the two Houses, but in an essentially formal role , there is the Sovereign - king or queen - also known as "the crown." Role of the Sovereign The British monarch has all authority, but no power. The Sovereign appoints the Prime Minister, and every year opens the sessions of parliament, in a historical and ritual ceremony called the State Opening of Parliament . Historically, this ceremony used to take place in the Autumn; but since 2012, it has been brought forward to May. This is the only regular time when the members of both Houses come together. During the ceremony, the Sovereign reads out the government's intended programme. The "Queen 's Speech" is a summary of the programme "his" or "her" ...
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