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Borders are established by two stages: 1) delimitation establishing of the borders on paper, treaties with annexes, which have maps where the border is shown and the description of the border etc; 2) demarcation establishing the border on the ground since maps and reality can be a bit different sometimes. In addition : 1) subsoil to the centre of the world is part of the territory; 2) airspace over the territory and outer space, until 100-110 km; 3) islands, 4) territorial and internal waters. There's also quasi territory of the states, e.g. 1) territory of embassies, 2) territory of the ships and aircrafts, 3) artificial islands, 4) cables and pipelines (under the sovereignty of the state if they are installed in the international zones), 5) all artificial objects in space (here they are always quasi territory of the state)
multimedia). New media is a generic term for the many different forms of electronic communication that are made possible through the use of computer technology: Web sites, virtual worlds, virtual reality, multimedia, computer games, computer animation, among others. 33. Consumer magazines- (2,800 titles) – general consumer magazines that aim to entertain and inform (Marie Claire, Radio Times) – consumer specialist titles aimed at a specific interest or hobby (Car, Gardeners' World) 34. Business magazines- specialised and aimed at people in work (sometimes called 'trade' or 'B2B' magazines, Doctor, Press Gazette ) – free to specified readers (known as controlled circulation) and so rely on advertising 35. Customer magazines- produced as part of a marketing strategy to reach the customers of large companies – also called contract, or custom magazines (Intercity for first class travellers on British Rail) 36
EU Internal Market Group Work I: History and Purpose of the Internal Market Please connect terms (numbers) with correct description (letter), for example 17 M 1 Common Market A ... is characterized by free movement of goods between the participating countries, but autonomous external trade policies in relation to non-participants. 2 Comparative B A top-down approach to integration that can be best Advantage explained by market failure. 3 Customs Union C Allows for specialization, specialization leads to competiti
European Union Exam 1949 France, UK and the Benelux countries decide to set in place a Council of Europe. 1951 Treaty of Paris signed by the Six (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands), establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). 1957 Treaties of Rome establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). 1959 July, seven countries of the Organisation for European Economic Co- operation (OEEC) – Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK – decide to establish a European Free Trade Association (EFTA). 1960 Creation of European Free Trade Association 1961 UK applies to join the Community. 1962 The Parliamentary Assembly changes its name to the European Parliament. 1965 The Treaty merging the executives of the three Communities (ECSC, EEC, Euratom) is signed in Brussels; enters into force on July 1, 1967. Empty chair crisis 1966 Luxembourg compromise – solution for the empty chair
1. Can the PB&R company successfully claim any violation of the EU law related rights? Examination 1. Can we say that an animal (a dog) is a good? – Yes. According to Article 13 TFEU dogs do belong to a “goods” category so as it is described in CJEU case law that a good is a product which can be valued in money and which is capable of forming the subject of commercial transactions. Therefore PB&R company and its business is selling dogs, or shall I say goods not just on a local fields, but the movement of goods is linked to abroad EU countries by making a profit of it I shall conclude that it involves a “movement of goods within the EU Member States” (Articles 26 and 37). 2. Is there a restriction of trade in goods? a. Can we name an animal, or to be more exact a dog as a “good” – yes, in
prohibitive law of the scope suggested by the NGOs stating that “the State cannot idly wait until the scientists come to the definite conclusion about actual sources of the dangerous behavior” and “has to preventively interfere in order to effectively protect life and health of its citizens, in particular those of younger and senior generations”. Company PB&R is a small family undertaking active in the dog-selling and –importing business for over 30 years and having a focus on pit bulls, Rottweilers, boxers, Labradors, and some other breeds which were classified as dangerous by the study. The company has strong connections to breeders in different EU countries. The prohibition of dealing (selling and importing) in pit bulls and Rottweilers has hit noticeably company’s profits potentially driving it out of business or leading to change of its specialization.
Introduction and history of the European Union History The European Union is set up with the aim of ending the frequent and bloody wars between neighbours, which culminated in the Second World War. The idea is that countries who trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely avoid conflict.The ancestor of the European Union is the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) which was created with the Treaty of Paris (1951) and was signed by France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg and West Germany (total of 6 countries). European Economic Community (EEC) was created with the Treaty of Rome (1958), establishing a customs union (tolliliit). The European Union (EU) was created by the Maastricht Treaty which came into effect on November 1st 1993. Introduction The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union.EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and main
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining. Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent to the parliament readings(amendments made to the
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