contract and other civil law offences. The label of "crime" and the accompanying social stigma are normally reserved for those activities that are injurious to the general population or the State, including some that cause serious loss or damage to individuals. The label is intended to assert an hegemony of a dominant population, or to reflect a consensus of condemnation for the identified behavior and to justify a punishment imposed by the State, in the event that an accused person is tried and convicted of a crime. Usually, the perpetrator of the crime is a natural person, but in some jurisdictions and in some moral environments, legal persons are also considered to have the capability of committing crimes. Definition A normative definition views crime as deviant behavior that violates prevailing norms cultural standards prescribing how humans ought to behave normally. This approach considers the complex realities surrounding the concept
Owning was made easier by government policies which offered people various kinds of financial assistance to help them do so. There are organizations which run their properties like a business but are obliged to run them for social benefit. Homelessness Number s of people who have nowhere to live vary, but at the present time they probably stand between a quarter and a half million. All reasons amout to the simple fact that there isnt enough affordable accommodation for them. Most homeless families find temporary accomodation in boarding houses. Some people find even more temporary shelter in hostels for the homeless. Some just live on the streets. In many cases, the homeless are those with personal problems which make it difficult for them to settle down. In some cases, they are peple who simply dont want to settle down. The future More an more people want to live on their own or in small families. Millions of new homes will need to be built in the next decade or so.
Homelessness Every night thousands of people are on the streets. This type of behavior is considered deviant because it does not reflect the norms and values of our society. In many cases the homeless people in our country are treated as total outcasts. Many of these people have severe mental disorders. Some are victims of an economy that has failed them. The homeless are in need. As fellow humans we are obligated to help those in need. They are not only in need of money, but they are also in need of our attention and our support. In the past fifty years the United States has invested more money in helping the homeless people than any other country in the world. The result is that we have more poor people now and more people dependent on the government than we did fifty years ago. The welfare program in our society has failed
. . " and then name their pet peeve or passion. My view is not of an education specialist, but of one who loves sharing what I learn, and owes much to educators. Since I don't have an educational theory neatly worked-out, nor an outline of my perceptions, my intent is to address each educational ingredient that comes to my mind. After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy. First comes sensitivity. If a person be insensitive, be it from numbing cold, exhaustion, drugs, genetic makeup, or upbringing, then the process of education is bogged down, and results come only after great efforts. Sensitivity in my integrated meaning is broad, covering literally the senses, so that deaf and blind people are less sensitive, as well as people whose senses work perfectly, but whose receptivity or thought processes are blunted for whatever reason
2.1 Early hospitals The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. In ancient times temples dedicated to the gods of healing used to have a hospital area. Sick people came there to pray and be treated. Later in the Middle Ages hospitals attached to monasteries were run by monks and nuns. The oldest hospital still in existence is in Paris. It was founded in 800's A.D. In the 1700's European cities began to build hospitals. They were charity hospitals for the poor and sick, as the rich people were treated at home. The early hospitals were dark, crowded and very dirty, so it was very likely to be infected even more, when you went to be cured. The first hospital in Estonia was the hospital of Saint John, first mentioned in 1237. It was for the people who had leprosy. 2.2 Recent developments Many scientific advances have helped to improve patient care. Surgical and intensive care units now use electronic equipment. Modern hospitals are full of advanced
The researchers took blood samples from the monks before the ceremony and immediately after the monks reported seeing hallucinations. They found that serotonin levels had increased in their brains. Serotonin activated the hypothalamus and the frontal cortex resulting in hallucinations. They concluded from this study that sensory deprivation triggered the release of serotonin, which actually altered the way the monks experienced the world. The application of such research has improved the lives of many people, because drugs have been developed stimulating or blocking certain neurotransmitters. Psychologists however, consider the role of neurotransmitters on behavior, but do not solely rely on it to explain behavior. Brain technology has developed rapidly during the past century and is now used extensively in neuropsychology because it provides an opportunity to study the active brain
...........................................................................66 The Pathological Ego................................................................................68 The Background Unhappiness...................................................................70 The Secret of Happiness............................................................................71 Pathological Forms of Ego........................................................................73 Work – with and Without Ego...................................................................75 The Ego in Illness......................................................................................77 The Collective Ego....................................................................................77 Incontrovertible Proof of Immortality.......................................................79 Chapter Five The Pain-Body - 80
ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self- governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. 5. A multinational state- A multinational state is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population. 6. A single-nation state- a geographical area that can be identified as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign nation. A state is a political and geopolitical entity, while a nation is a cultural and ethnic one. The term "nation state" implies that the two coincide, but "nation state" formation can take place at different times in different parts of the world. 7
in living standards, the loss of permanent income also caused a fall in the use of services. 7) The main form of poverty figuring in the biritsh society is the lack of money, which causes the lack of vital resources and a permanent residence. The cause of poverty is mainly the lack of a job, which in turn is caused by disability, mental ilnness, economic recession or low intelligence. Sometimes lone parents also have financial difficulties and it is also possible to born to poor parents. A household living in fuel poverty is one that struggles to keep warm at reasonable cost 8) The riots were started by a protest in Tottenham, demanding justice from police as a result of the failed arrest and shooting of Mark Duggan. The 6 August peaceful march in Tottenham was followed by rioting and looting . The spread of news sparked riots during the night of 7th august in other London districts. The morning of 8th of august was quiet, but in the evening areas across
We live in a cruel world where people only think about themselves. There are extremely few people who care about homeless people even though homelessness has greatly increased over the past decade. But why is that so? Are they worse than us? As Mike Yakonski once said: “Sometimes it's easy to walk by because we know we can't change someone's whole life in a single afternoon. But what we fail to realize it that simple kindness can go a long way toward encouraging someone who is stuck in a desolate place.” I can relate to that fairly well because everyday i see homeless people and it makes me extremely sad
Copyright © 2003 by Brian Tracy. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
I selected this theme because it was the most interesting one for me. Aborigines have interested me for a long time now so doing this essay is really fun for me. Australian Aboriginal culture is one of the world's longest surviving cultures. Australian Aborigines, also known as Indigenous Australians , are the native people of Australia . Many of them suffered when white people from Britain arrived in Australia, because of disease, the loss of their hunting lands, and unfair laws. Australian Aborigines are those people regarded as indigenous to the Australian continent. In the High Court of Australia, Australian Aborigines have been specifically identified as a group of people who share, in common, biological ancestry back to the original occupants of the continent. History The first people of Australia were nomadic people who came to Australia from south-east Asia.
taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true. Vocabulary: to criticize - tasteless overcooked - ingredient - to invent - sauces - to disguise - spice herb -
The Example 4 Solution and Problems 5 The Main Economical Problem 6-8 Free riding Problem on Public Transport 9 References 10 2 The Political Problem A common example of a free rider problem is defense spending: no one person can be excluded from being defended by a state's military forces, and thoes free riders may refuse or avoid paying for being defended, even though they are still as well guarded as those who contribute to the state's efforts. Therefore, it is usual for governments to avoid relying on volunteer donations, using taxes and, in some countries, conscription instead. In the case of defense spending, alternative perspectives of the free rider problem also exist
g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave e.g. speed limits In all societies relations between people are regulated by prescriptive law; customs (informal rules of social and moral behaviour); rules we accept if we belong to a particular institution (religion, organization); laws imposed on people by a government Penalties for breaking the rules are different. For not following the customs there may not be a punishment, or a person may be criticized by the society; rules of a social institution tend to carry precise penalties but they are not enforceable by any political authority; however governments use a system of courts backed by the power of the police to enforce the laws they have made. The relations between people are regulated by a combination of all these rules. One of the ways to classify laws is to separate them into prescriprive and descriptive law. Descriptive laws simply describe how people usually behave
reabsorption of dopamine into neurons. In 40 minutes, half the effects of nicotine are gone. So smokers get the urge to light up for another dose of the drug. After repeated doses of nicotine, the brain changes. To adjust to too much dopamine, the brain cuts production of the neurotransmitter and reduces the number of some receptors. Now, the smoker needs nicotine just to create normal levels of dopamine in his or her brain. Without nicotine, the smoker feels irritable and depressed. The smoker has trained the limbic system to crave tobacco. Think about how you long for a cold drink on a hot day. Or how you want a sandwich when you are hungry. Craving for tobacco is much stronger. These changes in the brain and body make nicotine highly addictive. Other addictive drugs of abuse, including heroin and cocaine, cause the same changes in the brain.
· Naturalism appealed American authors because they found it very right to describe what was going on in the turn of century in America · They wanted something fresh, new · They were disgusted by romantics · Showed the harsh tone in moral life · Refleced the development of science · Period of intense urbanisation, the city is in the center of the novel, often · New characters were businessmen, salesman, immigants, poor farmers · These characters were in new settings, skyscrapers, departments store, apartment building, ghetto, stockyard (cattle, cows were slaughtered), commercial trust · Their world is not one of culture or high moral standards · For these new writers controlling new american social experience · Naturalists offered a view that questioned the belief that now was a conscious and national being and happiness could in moral behaviour
descriptive law (kirjeldav õigus) - laws which simply describe how people or even natural phenomenas usually behave nation (riik) - country with its own goverment citizen (kodanik) - person native of a country; realationship between country and a person stranger (välismaalne) - person who is unfamiliar, from another country penalty (karistus) - punishment fixed by law, as for a crime or from any soical groups goverment (valitsus) - organization which controlls a stre or community System of Courts (kohtusüsteem) - organization applying law in the name of states to commit a crime (kuritegu läbi viima) - breaking a law, usually given out by the goverment fine (trahv) - certain sum of money person pays for breaking a law
in the groin, but may occur in the armpits or neck, most often at the site of the initial infection (bite or scratch); pain may occur in the area before the swelling appears. (Wikipedia homepage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubonic_plague) Other symptoms include heavy breathing, continuous blood vomiting, urination of blood, aching limbs, coughing, and extreme pain. The pain is usually caused by the decaying or decomposing of the skin while the person is still alive. Additional symptoms include extreme fatigue, gastrointestinal problems, lenticular (black dots scattered throughout the body), delirium and coma. (Wikipedia homepage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubonic_plague) 2 BLACK DEATH IN ENGLAND BEFORE THE GREAT PLAGUE First time when the Black Death entered England was in 1348 it vanished in December 1349. In 1361-1362 the plague returned to England.
· Beans · Peanut · Sunflower (Russia sunflower oil) · Maize Europeans used it for animals · In America start of the breakfast cereal industry (Kellogg's cornflakes) · Sweet potato China, its larger grower · Tomatoes and sweet peppers Italian cooking, perfect for noodle dishes *Liberty, anarchism and the noble savage · European amazement at Indians' personal liberty · Living in social harmony and prosperity without the rule of a king · The European Enlightenment much of its light from the torch of Indian liberty The Indian "the noble savage" living in the "natural state" Thomas Paine = used Indians as models of how society might be organized 7. Which organization united the Indians of the eastern part of what is now the US? How is this reflected in the political organization of the US? The Founding Indian Fathers
the influence process works is inte- Science and Practice, gra ted throughout. For instance, brain imaging research is presented, showing here are 5 good reasons! how the "Expensive = Good" heuristic o Updated coverage of social influence leads people to perceive more costly effects in popular culture, such as the items as better than (identical) less contagion of obesity among the young costly ones. and the contagion of violence in such tragedies as the Virginia Tech and North- o Enhanced coverage of "how to say no." New evidence is presented to ern Illinois mass killings. help readers identify their special
Unintentional production of biogases has been an ongoing issue in many regions of the world, and several nations have also looked to biogas as a potential source of clean energy. India and China have both invested extensively in creative biogas technology to provide fuel for their citizens and there are a number of interesting applications for this gas which appeal to people who are interested in sustainable energy and the health of the environment. The basis for biogas is organic material such as food scraps and feces which are held in an anaerobic area, which can range from a storage tank which is not ventilated to a device which is specifically designed to produce gases. The conditions attract anaerobic bacteria, which start to break down the organic material, producing methane and carbon dioxide as a by-product. Another type of biogas which includes hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide can be obtained
What is needed for good society Good society needs three things. These things are: rudimentary democratic consent, universal access to human essentials and accessibility to other desirable items. If these aspects are not fulfilled; it is not a good society. In my opinion, good society is not the thing what suits for everybody, because if you will not agree with good society standards, you really are not the person who would be advantageous for this kind of society. Person who is not accepting these standards is communist and only fits in to the dictatorship supportive countries. For being appropriate member for food society you have to accept other people needs and at the same time sacrifice some of your own needs. Good society is not a paradise. Universal access to human essentials means that everyone have the rights to access elementary things
However, the adoption of the U.N Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989 granted for the first time the recognition for children as worthy individuals with rights of their own. The UNCRC laid the foundation for the potential re-evaluation of our traditional understanding of childhood and the perception of children as primarily objects of the adult world. Since, then the UNCRC has attracted significant scholarly interest from various disciplines and as such a high degree of research has been published in this area already. The increasing sociological interest in children in particular that has provided a new perspective around the idea of children as competent social actors has provoked a great controversy and confusion as it challenges the image of the incompetent child which is overwhelmingly prevalent in the Western society. The purpose of this dissertation is to critically explore this
colonies and across Europe. Main Ideas of the American Enlightenment: The Enlightenment caused a shift in the cultural and social attitudes of the people, bringing in some new and radical ideas. Republicanism: The doctrine of republicanism asserts a system of a government that is elected by the people of the nation. The roots of this ideology go back to ancient Greece, when the concept of a democratic government was examined by philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Individual Liberty: "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" developed as the motto of this era, which forms the cornerstone of the U.S. Constitution today. Since the colonies had very few individual rights, they declared certain fundamental rights that they deemed "inalienable." Democracy: The colonies had no say in the formation of the government, and had no representation in the lawmaking process
Health 2007 1. Introduction Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of an organism at both the cellular and social level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's ability to succesfully respond to challenges and effectively restore and keep a so-called ,,state of balance". 2. History · Early hospitals During the Middle Ages the hospital could serve other functions, such as an almshouse for the poor, or hostel for pilgrims. In ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. Greek temples dedicatedto the healer-god, might admit the sick, who would wait for guidance from the god in a dream. The Romans adopted this worship. The Sri Lankans are perhaps responsible for introducing theconcept ofdedicated hospitals to the world. According to an ancient chronicle, written in the 6 th century A.D., a king had
/ wicce f.) is a practitioner of witchcraft. Historically, it was widely believed that witchcraft involved the use of these powers to inflict harm upon members of a community or their property, and that all witches were in league with the devil. Since the mid 20th century, the term witchcraft has sometimes been used to distinguish between bad witchcraft and good witchcraft, with the latter often involving healing. Human misfortune was often blamed on a supernatural entity or a known person in the community. Reasons for accusations of witchcraft fall into four general categories: · A person was caught in the act of positive or negative sorcery · A well-meaning sorcerer or healer lost their clients' or the authorities' trust · A person did nothing more than gain the enmity of their neighbours · A person was reputed to be a witch and surrounded with an aura of witch-beliefs
1 belief that we spend more time and money on visible luxurious and ultimately worthless items, than in maintaining our property, which to everyone but us is a major part of their investment and retirement and retirement portfolio. The blame game has become a permanent part of our lives to the exclusion of any other solution that could be more viable in solving our problems. It has become the most productive part of our lives, because without it the African cannot really point to much that they are in charge of producing. It is better to blame others than to confront the truth of our being responsible for whatever has happened to us as an African race. I decided to write ‘Capitalist Nigger’ to open a debate on the state of the African race. But in doing so, my intention was not to treat my own contribution to the debate with kid gloves. It is to tell it like it is, the truth and nothing but the truth
Emus are farmed for their meat, oil and leather. The Kangaroo is a common marsupial from the islands of Australia and New Guinea. There are 47 species of them. Kangaroos can hop up to 74 km per hour and go over 9 m in one hop. These shy animals live about 6 years in the wild and up to 20 in captivity. Most of them are active at night. Many kangaroos are in danger of extinction. Kangaroos eat grass, leaves, and roots. They swallow their food without chewing it and later regurgitate a cud and chew it. They need little water; they can go for months without drinking, and they dig their own water wells. The Dingo is Australia's wild dog. It is found in Australia, in all states but Tasmania. They are found throughout the mainland of Australia, close to a source of water. The Dingo is a medium sized dog, with a bushy tail, and red to yellow coat. Dingos do not bark, but they do howl.
Topic Health Introduction Good health is very important for us. We should do everything we can to stay healthy. Being in good health means having our body and mind in good working order, free from disease and pain. Ways of keeping health There are many ways for keeping health. To stay healthy we should eat right foot, dress comfortably, spend much time in fresh air, have enough rest, keep ourselves clean and have regular checkups with the doctor and the dentist. A big part of prevention of diseseases is sporting. Poeple need to have phsical exercise. If they can not have it, they will get stressed and they will be infected with dieseases much easier
as errand boys, crossing sweepers, shoe blacks, and they sold matches, flowers and other cheap goods. During the Victorian era, the population grew immensely. At the end of 19th century the population had grown three times bigger in Great Britain! That made wages much lower, because more people were looking for jobs. Many people couldn't afford places to live and had to live on the streets. Slums started appearing in bigger towns. Crime rate was also rising because of this: many homeless children lived by stealing and respectable Victorians started seeing poor people as a threat to society. That is one of the reasons why workhouses were made. Workhouses Workhouses were supposed to solve the problem of poverty, because wealthy people believed that poor people were poor only because they were lazy(actual causes were overpopulation, unemployment and high prices). So in 1834 a law was passed in the Parliament that resulted
place? Firstly sometimes people try their first cigarette, they like it and so they start doing it more regularly. Secondly some people start smoking because there's a rumour saying that it's slimming. And another reason may be that it may relieve stress. After three or four cigarettes you get addicted to it because of nicotine. It is a drug that stimulates the brain. When the level of nicotine falls in your blood and you're a regular smoker, you usually develop withdrawal symptoms, such as craving, anxiety, restlessness, headaches, irritability, hunger, difficulty with concentration, or just feeling awful. These symptoms are relieved by the next cigarette. Most smokers need to smoke regularly to feel normal and to prevent nicotine withdrawal symptoms. So once you start smoking it is very hard to quit. But why is smoking so harmful? Cigarettes have tar in them which contains many chemicals. These deposit in the lungs and
Air pollution Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. Air pollution can be found both outdoors and indoors. Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that lasts for a long time. The sources of air pollution are both natural and human-based
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