1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urotropin 2. http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp 3.Ethyl acetoacetate-C6H10O3 M(C6H10O3)=180,8 g/mol'' (C6H12N4)=1,021 g/ml St= -45,4 0 C Kt=880,8 0 C CAS: 141-97-9 Lahustuvus:2,68 g/100 ml vees (20 0 C) Ohutus:vältida kontakti nahaga-ärritava toimega,värvitu vedelik 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acetoacetate 2. http://chemfinder.cambridgesoft.com/result.asp 5 4. Etanool-ethanol Valem: CH3CH2OH Kt = 78,3 0 C St= -114,1 0 C = 0,789 g/cm3 M(CH3CH2OH) = 46,06 g/mol Ohtlikkus: tuleohtlik, kergesti lenduv Kasutatud kirjandus: 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol 2.http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=ethanol&Units=SI 3..http://mt.legaltext.ee/esterm/concept.asp?conceptID=10023&term=etanool 5. Heksaan-hexane Valem: C6H14 M (C6H14) = 86, 18 g/mol =0,6548 g/ cm3 St = -95 0 C Kt= 69 0 C Ohtliikus: süttimisohtlik Kasutatud kirjandus: 1. http://mt
Starch- based crops must be first converted into sugars in the saccarification process, which requires substantial volumes of enzymes to turn starch into sugars (Soetaert, W. 2008). The starchy products represent only a small percentage of the total plant mass. Other plants' building blocks like cellulose and lignin are currently not being used to make biofuels as there is not a commercial viable production method for making ethanol form cellulosic biomass (FAO, 2008). Biodiesel is based on the oil crops, such as rapeseed in Europe and soybean in the USA and Brazil. In tropical regions, biodiesel feedstock can also be sourced from palm, coconut and jatropha oils, but these are currently not major feedstock for biodiesel. Biodiesel is produced by combining vegetable oil with an alcohol and a catalyst through a chemical process known as transesterification (FAO, 2008). Margit Tepner k0848752 Figure 1
wikipedia.org/wiki/Tert-butanol 3.N-tertbutüülamiid- N-tert-Butylbenzamide -C11H15NO M(C11H15NO)=177,2456 g/mol (C11H15NO)= andmed puuduvad Kt= andmed puuduvad St= andmed puuduvad Lahustuvus: andmed puuduvad CAS:5894655 5 IP spekter- leitud andmebaasist Kasuatatud kirjandus: 1. http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=N-tert-Butylbenzamide&Units=SI 2. http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/direct_frame_top.cgi 4. Etanool-ethanol Valem: CH3CH2OH Kt = 78,3 0 C St= -114,1 0 C = 0,789 g/cm3 M(CH3CH2OH) = 46,06 g/mol Ohtlikkus: tuleohtlik, kergesti lenduv Kasutatud kirjandus: 1.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol 2.http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Name=ethanol&Units=SI 3..http://mt.legaltext.ee/esterm/concept.asp?conceptID=10023&term=etanool 5. Heksaan-hexane Valem: C6H14 M (C6H14) = 86, 18 g/mol 6 =0,6548 g/ cm3 St = -95 0 C Kt= 69 0 C
3/.7 109 279 Luque Rafael, Melero Juan A. (2012). Advances in Biodiesel Production: Processes and Technologies. Oxford: Woodhead Publishing. 1.2. Rahvusvaheline kümnendliigitus UDK a) genoomid - 575 b) spektrofotomeetria - 543 c) orgaaniline süntees - 547 d) komposiitmaterjalid 620-419 1.3. e-ajakirja otsing e- väljaannete otsivahendiga A - to Z 1. ,,Biotechnology for Biofuels '' Andmebaas: EBSCOhost , juurdepääs : 2009 vol2 2. ,,Ethanol & Biofuels News'' Andmebaas: EBSCOhost, juurdepääs: 11/6/2006 1.4. Artikli otsing eesti artiklite andmebaasist ISE Otsi andmebaasist ISE artikleid kapillaarelektroforeesi kohta a) Leidsin 4 eesti keelset artiklit selle teema kohta
Wood Biomass • Biologicalmaterial derived from living, or recently living organisms. • Can be used after converting it to various forms of biofuel. • Woodchips • Pellets Bioenergy • Energy produced from biomass. • Electricity, heat, and transportation fuels. • Eesti Energia and bioenergy. Benefits of Biomass • Environmental Benefits • Economic Benefits • Energy Benefits Biofuels • Solid fuels Pellets, briquettes • Liquid fuels Ethanol Bio-diesel Conclusion • Attractive renewable energy source. • Environmental, economic, and energy benefits to society. • Challenges and barriers do exist. References • „Forest bioenergy produstion“ Seppo kellomäki, Antti Kilpeläinen, Ashraful Alam • http://www.forestbioenergy.net/ THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!
Etanool lahustub veega igas vahekorras. Etanooli saab toota mitmetel viisidel: viinamarjade, puuviljade ja teiste suhkruid sisaldavate lahuste või tärklist sisaldavate produktide kääritamisel; Puidutöötlemisjääkide töötlemisel; Nafta krakkgaasides sisalduva eteeni hüdraatumisel. Etanooli peamised kasutusalad on alkohoolsed joogid, värvid ja erinevad lakid, ravimid, kütused jne... Kasutatud kirjandus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol http://www.eava.ee/opiobjektid/mto/biokytus/12_metanool_ja_etanool_kolbmootorit e_ktusena.html
moving assembly line he made a car for the masses: the Model T Mudel T facts Predated the moving assembly line at Ford First introduced September 27, 1908 Click to edit Master text styles Was $850 when introduced Second level Was the bestselling car for 20 years Third level Nicknamed the "Tin Lizzie" Fourth level Top speed was 4045 miles/hour Fifth level Got 1321 miles/gallon Ran on gas or ethanol noisy Fordism A manufacturing philosophy that aims to achive higher productivity by standardizing the outputt, using conveyor Click to edit Master text styles assembly lines, and breaking the Second level work into small deskilled tasks. Third level Fourth level Fifth level Click to edit Master text stylesClick to edit Master text styles
Turn off the hot water tank when you will be gone for a long period of time. Don't use your air conditioner or heater as much. Install fluorescent light bulbs instead of incandescent light bulbs. Try to reduce, reuse, and recycle as often as you can. Try not to burn a fire often. When you are going to work, you could walk, ride your bike, or take a bus. Car-pool to a place with someone else. Try to use alternate fuels, like: ethanol, propane, or natural gas. Take the train or a bus for long trips. L imit the amount of long trips you take in your car. M ake sure that your vehicle's air conditioning system isn't leaking. Try not to overflow the gas tank. M ake sure that you are traveling at high speeds only when you need to. People can help stop acid rain by not polluting the air. TH AN K YOU F OR ATTEN TION Info links : http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper /82901.html
50 protsendi võrra. Näited 2008 Louisiana osariigis paiknev Verenium on esimene tselluloosist etanooli tootev tehas USAs, mis on kavandatud pidevalt töötama. Seni on tselluloosist etanooli toodetud lühiajaliselt erinevate pilootprojektide käigus. Abengoa S.A. 1941 uses an innovative enzymatic hydrolysis process to convert non-edible corn stalks, stems and leaves into up to 25 million gallons of ethanol per year. The project maximizes the use of agricultural crop residues that would otherwise remain idle, and utilizes feedstock that does not compete with feed grains. Natuke infot Eesti ebaõnnestumiste kohta Balti mere idakalda riikides arvestatavaid bioetanooli tootjaid ei ole. On Leedu MV grupi ettevõttele Biofuture kuuluv Silute tehas aastase tootmismahuga kuni 36 000 tonni. See on kokku pandud Leedu vanade toorpiirituse tehaste sisseseadest ja uuendatud automaatikast ning
7 Geothermal energy and the environment..................................................................46 BIOMASS............................................................................................................................46 14.1 Wood and wood waste..............................................................................................47 14.2 Municipal solid waste, landfill gas, and biogas........................................................48 14.3 Biofuels - ethanol and biodiesel............................................................................... 48 2 14.4 Biomass and the environment...................................................................................49 COAL.................................................................................................................................. 50 15.1 How we get coal..............................................
Tooted kangusega üle 50-60 mahuprotsendi pole puhtalt joomiseks mõeldud vaid nõuavad kindlasti lahjendamist. Hiljuti, saavutas etanool populaarsuse võrdlemisi ohutu koduküttena. Etanooli abil põletatakse kaminas süütenööri ning tulekoht piiratakse klaasiga, et vähendada avarii tõenäosust ja piirata ebavajaliku hapniku juurdepääsu. Veel üheks plussiks selle juuures on see, et 100% eraldunud soojusest jõuab ruumi. Kasutatud kirjandus. http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/ethanol.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etanool http://www.methanol.org/Methanol-Basics/The-Methanol-Industry.aspx http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanool http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/methanol
Aine nimetus Mm Vajalik hulk Tihedus Sto Lahustuvus (g ja mool) või kto Bensiil 210,23g/mol 0,5g 1,23g/cm3 St° (ink. Benzil) 2,38·10-3mol 94,43- 95,08C° Etanool 46,06g/mol (3 ml), 2,37g 0,789g/cm3 Kt° (ink. Ethanol) 5,14·10-2mol 78,3C° Töö eesmärk: Ümberkristalliseerimise eesmärk on tahkete sünteesiproduktide puhastamine lisanditest. Sulamistemperatuuri määramine aitab kontrollida aine puhtust. Kitsa temperatuurivahemikuga sulamistemperatuur on heaks puhtuse näitajaks. Ainete ohtlikkus: Bensiil: Kahjulik sissehingamisel, neelamisel, nahale imendumisel. Aine on ärritav hingamisteede limaskesta membraanidele
Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol. It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin. Depending on the plant, starch generally contains 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight. Glycogen, the glucose store of animals, is a more highly branched version of amylopectin. In industry, starch is converted into sugars, for example by malting, and fermented to produce ethanol in the manufacture of beer, whisky and biofuel. It is processed to produce many of the sugars used in processed foods. The biggest industrial non-food use of starch is as an adhesive in the papermaking process. Starch can be applied to parts of some garments before ironing, to stiffen them. Mixing most starches in warm water produces a paste, such as wheatpaste, which can be used as a thickening, stiffening or gluing agent. Slide 3
reaktsioonid ja nende mehhanismid. Tallinn: TTÜ. Agronomov, A.E., Sabarov, J.S. (1974). Orgaanilised tööd. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/haloalkanes/making.html http://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/friedel-crafts-alkylation.shtm Aparatuuri jooniste koostamisel kasutasin ChemDoodle'it (https://www.chemdoodle.com/)' Füüsikalised konstandid: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_chloride https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_bromide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromoethane https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_chloride http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/90367?lang=en®ion=EE http://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/friedel-crafts-alkylation.shtm
gas emissions, and we must do it in a way that does not undermine economic growth or prevent nations from delivering greater prosperity." *Instead of mandatory caps, he emphasised a need to shift to clean coal, nuclear energy and new clean technology. He also proposed a new international technology fund but did not say how much the US would put into it. He reiterated a need for Americans to shift from oil to ethanol for their cars. "We're working to develop next-generation plug-in hybrids that will be able to travel nearly 40 miles without using a drop of gasoline. And your automobile doesn't have to look like a golf cart," he said. http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/david_roberts/2008/04/bushs_climate_change_sideshow.htm l Bush, with allies on both right and left - notably John Dingell (D-Big Three) - is determined to protect the US auto industry from further regulation
laguainete vahendusel. Laiemas, vähem kasutatavas tähenduses on antibioos sama mis antagonism. · Spetsiifilised antimikroobsed mehhanismid, mis kasutavad piimhappebakterid toidu bioloogilistel säilivusel sisaldavad orgaaniliste hapete, vesinikperoksiidi, süsinikdioksiidi, diatsetüüli, reuterini ja bakteritsiinide tootmist. · Need faktori mängivad suurt rolli mikroobidega võitlemas. Orgaanilised happed, atseetaldehüüd ja ethanol · Orgaaniliste hapete otsene antimikroobne effekt on tingitud piimhappetest, äädikhappetest ja propioonhappetest, mis võivad olla toodetud piimhape bakteriaalsel fermenteerimisel. · Äädikhape on rohkem pärssiv kui piimhappe ja võib takistada pärmseened, hallitusseened ja bakterid · Propioonhape pärsib seened ja bakterid · Atsetaaladehüüdi ja etanooli mõju antibioosile on minimaalne. Vesinikperoksiid
particle and gaseous phases) is inhaled. The practice may have begun as early as 50003000 BC. Tobacco was introduced to Eurasia in the late 16th century where it followed common trade routes. The practice encountered criticism from its first import into the Western world onwards, but embedded itself in certain strata of a number of societies before becoming widespread upon the introduction of automated cigarette-rolling apparatus. Drinking alcohol An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits. They are legally consumed in most countries, and over 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption. In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies between 16 and 25 years, depending upon the country and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age.
are capable of inactivating the parasites of animals and the various pathogens. Nowadays Waste management business Sterecycle owns patented technologies that are capable of recycling and recovering up to 80 per cent of waste typically produced by a household. Rarbach cited oil major Shell's tie up with Cosan as being one of the most notable strategic partnerships that has taken place last year. The $12bn joint venture will see the pair produce and sell sugar, energy and ethanol from sugarcane, and distribute fuels for transportation and industry from the companies' integrated distribution and retail networks in Brazil. Through the deal, Shell strengthened its whole business in biofuel and bioethanol. Sterecycle was debating whether to list in Canada or in its domestic market on the AIM exchange in London. French chemical company Rhodia's subsidiary Rhodia Energy Services has launched two biogas projects in China and Vietnam, it said on Thursday. Rhodia
3 FBP 0 0 1 4 GAP 0 0 0 5 Dihydroxyacetone-P 0 0 0 6 GBP 0 0 0 7 3PG 0 0 0 8 PEP 0 0 0 9 PYR 0 0 0 10 Lactate 0 0 0 11 Ace-CoA 0 0 0 12 Acetyl-P 0 0 0 13 Acetate 0 0 0 14 Acetaldehyde 0 0 0 15 Ethanol 0 0 0 16 Formate 0 0 0 17 OXA 0 0 0 18 2KG 0 0 0 19 Gluc-1,5-lactone-6P 0 0 0 20 6P-Gluconate 0 0 0 21 Ru-5P 0 0 0 22 R5P 0 0 0 23 X5P 0 0 0 24 S7P 0 0 0 25 E4P 0 0 0 V1 V2 V3
uuringud on näidanud tema omadust tõsta südame löögisagedust ja vererõhku ning kahandada südame minutimahtu ja psühhomotoorset aktiivsust Alkohol takistab igasuguste taastumisprotsesside kulgu organismis, kahandab võimekust spordialadel, mis nõuavad aeroobset vastupidavust. KASUTATUD KIRJANDUS Dominik H. Pesta, Siddhartha S. Angadi, Martin Burtscher and Christian K. Roberts ( 2013). The effects of caffeine, nicotine, ethanol, and tetrahydrocannabinol on exercise performance −Nutrition & Metabolism BioMed Central Ltd
2. Physico-chemical properties Name: Alinine CAS number: 62-53-3 IUPAC name: Phenylamine Molecular formula: C6H5NH2 Physical properties: Molar mass: 93.13 g/mol Appearance: colorless liquid Density: 1.0217 g/mL, Melting point: -6.3 °C Boiling point: 184.13 °C, 457 K, 363 °F Solubility in water: 3.6 g/100 mL at 20°C Solubility in ethanol: perfectly Viscosity: 3.71 cP (3.71 mPa·s at 25 °C) pH: >7 log Pow: 0.90/0.98 Koc: 25,5 3. Kinetics and metabolism The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion, also as a vapour. The mean lethal dose of aniline may be between 15 and 30 grams. In case of short-term exposure the substance is irritating to the eyes and the skin. The substance may cause effects on the blood, resulting in the formation of methaemoglobin. Exposure at high
wood and derived fuels. Geothermal and conventional hydropower played only minor roles in the industrial sector. The residential sector also consumed wood for space heating and solar energy for water heating and electricity. The commercial sector accounted for just 2 percent of total renewable energy consumption. The transportation sector was the fastest growing sector, consuming 40 percent more renewable fuel between 2005 and 2006. This is mainly due to increased ethanol consumption, by far the larger component of biofuels during those years. Renewable energy used to produce electricity contributed 4.229 quadrillion Btu or 61 percent of total renewable energy consumption in 2006 . Ninety percent of this energy was consumed in the electric power sector, which includes traditional electric utilities and independent power producers whose primary purpose is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Almost all of the remainder
kõrval on olemas ka teisi, palju ohutumaid ja isegi looduslikke säilitusaineid. Lihtsalt need on kallimad ja kosmeetikafirmad ei saaks sel juhul nii palju kasumit. Parabeene on leitud: beebide nahahooldustoodetes, puhastajates, deodorantides, niisutajates, näokreemides, meigitoodetes (k.a lauvärvides), küünelakkides, šampoonides ja teistes juuksetoodetes, päevituskreemides jne. Alkohol (ethanol, ethyl alcohol, methanol, benzyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, SD alcohol). Need alkoholid, mida leidub ka kõige enam nahahooldustoodetes, on nahka kuivatavad ja ärritavad. Need alkoholid rikuvad naha loomuliku pH taseme, muutes naha veel vastuvõtlikumaks bakteritele ja viirustele. On ka alkohole (cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol), mida kasutatakse mõnedes nahahooldustoodetes niisutava, pehmendava ja
Drunken people were looked at with a judging eye the and society was not sympathetic towards drinking and alcoholics. Nowadays consuming alcohol in the streets, bars, clubs, restaurants and other institutions of social interaction are considered a norm. As teenagers tend to gather in such places they are often the primary consumers. It`s catchy, stylish, cool and mostly fun, according to young people. Alcohol becomes more popular due to its intoxication characteristics which are caused by ethanol (one of the chemical compounds). An individual who is under the influence of alcohol becomes dizzy, light-headed, manipulative, his vision becomes blurred, headaches may occur. The other superfluous are slow reaction time, impaired speech, balance system distortion, impaired memory, lack of concentration. Some become more aggressive others, on the contrary very calm. Alcohol also causes dehydration and behaves as a very destructive element to various human body organs
(e.g. petrol, diesel, jet fuel), 24 per cent by industry (e.g. production of plastics), 5 per cent for residential and commercial uses, and 2 per cent for electricity production. Outside of the US, a higher proportion of petroleum tends to be used for electricity. Alternatives to petroleum-based vehicle fuels Alternative fuel vehicles refers to both: vehicles that use alternative fuels used in standard or modified internal combustion engines such as natural gas vehicles, neat ethanol vehicles, flexible-fuel vehicles, biodiesel-powered vehicles, and hydrogen vehicles. vehicles with advanced propulsion systems that reduce or substitute petroleum use such as battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Alternatives to using oil in industry Biological feedstocks do exist for industrial uses such as Bioplastic production. Alternatives to burning petroleum for electricity
Western Estonia, to compare the seasonal differences and to see if study resaults coincide with existent data. The study was carried out between September 2003 April 2004. During this time 24 flounders were examined parasitologically. The fish were dissected and following organs were examined: skin and fins, eyes, gills, body cavity, liver, kidney and digestive tract. Parasites found were identified microscopically and fixed in 70 % ethanol. Samples of fish were taken mostly from commercial catches in two areas near Hiiumaa: Suuresadama and Kôrgessaare (Fig. 1, page 12) The species found in autumn are named in Table 2 (page 14); the intencity of invasion in Table 3 (page 15). The species found in spring are named in Table 4 ( Page 17) and the intencity of invasion in Table 5 ( page 19). At the present study 10 helminth species were found in the costal waters of Western
[12] 169. (a) (i) temperature; concentration of, substrate / sugars / carbohydrates; R volumes / amounts concentration of yeast; R volume / amount pH / carbon dioxide concentration; oxygen availability; concentration of, alcohol / ethanol / toxic waste; AVP; max 3 (ii) carbon dioxide; A CO2 1 (b) (i) one mark for slow, fast, slow / nothing initial gas production slow, ref to time; rapid rate, ref to time; little gas production, ref to time; ref to actual volumes;
3-methylcyclopentanone (Imafidon and Sex and carcass maturity also affect off- Spanier 1994). Methyl-branched compounds flavors. Beef from bulls has a more livery, appear to arise from phosphoglycerides bloody flavor than that from heifers, which (Werkoff et al. 1993; Mottram 1998). These appears to be related to higher 2-propanone compounds are affected by diet, breed, and and ethanol contents (Gorraiz et al. 2002). muscle. To the extent that carcass maturity affects Muscles vary in their concentrations of iron content, it can increase metallic, rancid, compounds important to meat flavor/odor. bloody, salty, and bitter flavor notes (Calkins Stetzer et al. (2008) reported that beef 2006). Volatile compounds impact these Complexus contained twice the concentration flavor notes as well
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