OVERFISHING Presented by: Siiri Paurson Tartu 2015 INTRODUCTION What is overfishing? What is causing overfishing? Why is overfishing a problem? Fishing down the food web (toitumisahela võrgustik) What can we do to help? WHAT IS OVERFISHING? Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans. WHAT IS CAUSING OVERFISHING? Worldwide, fishing fleets are at least two to three times as large as needed to take present day catches of fish and other marine species. On a global scale we have enough fishing capacity to cover at least four Earth like planets. Overfishing have a large impact on the basic functioning of our marine ecosystems.
Water vapour diffusion Ionic diffusion Water absorption Ionic diffusion Ionic diffusion Water permeability Flow constants · Permeability- a rate of flow of fluid into a porous solid of concrete. · Diffusivity- situation where gas or liquid will be transmitted through the substance. · Sorptivity- a process where liquid is absorbed by capillarity Curing Degradation of concrete · Chemical affects- reactions with sulfates, sea water, acids and alkalis · Physical affects- frost, fire, wind and water erosion Degratation of concrete Frost damage Sea water attack Durability of steel in concrete · Shear strenght Corrosion · Compensate tendons, stressed areas Thank you for listening!
9 mmol and muscle pH was 6.72. · 1.5 minutes of recovery, PCr increased to 65% of resting levels, but reached only 85% with 6 min recovery. · No change in ATP or glycogen after 6 min · After 6 min of recovery peak W, speed and mean power were all lower than the original sprint Bogdanis et al. Cont... · Gaitanos and colleagues (1993) examined the effects of 10 x 6 s maximal sprints on muscle metabolism. · Energy for 1st sprint from PCr degradation and anaerobic glycolysis, reflected in a 57% depletion of PCr, and a significant increase in lactate concentration. · After 10th sprint there was: a decrease in mean power output by 23%, no increase in lactate, and a fall in PCr levels from 43% pre-bout to 16% post sprint, accounting for 90% of ATP production. · Anaerobic glycolysis was inhibited and energy was provided by PCr degradation and increased aerobic metabolism (more than 13% increase).
which in turn pollute the air. Solar power is a fantastic solution. Now that solar radiation is at a climactic peak, we can reap power from the sun using solar panel systems. These range from home systems to larger scale systems powering entire communities and cities. 2. Deforestation. While individuals can rarely have a personal impact on the deforestation rate, there are other things you can do. Discourage deforestation and thus environmental degradation by reusing plastic and paper bags and packaging. Support eco-friendly businesses and buy products that are either recyclable or have a longer durability. 3. Ozone layer depletion As with potable water depletion, the responsibility for stopping the ozone layer depletion lies on the shoulders of individuals and governments alike. People can contribute by not using products that contain human- made substances that destroy ozone molecules. Governments,
development and maintenance. Maturation of primary importance in achieving the main round of the (intelligence, temperance, fortitude, justice) to be developed. Of such an upbringing and education in the natural and the most important breeding ground for the family, dominated by deep, mutually respectful relationships and trust. Unfortunately, such families more and more for less. But even parents who have experienced degradation of their family, usually trying to give their children to the luggage, which would allow them to create a mature, intimate love and respect, and build a happy family life and the rearing of offspring. Karel Varik 10b
the afternoon and nine or ten at night. On rainy and cloudy days, they will stay in their burrows. Colony is made up of burrows that are dug about three feet under the ground. The burrows are connected with a series of tunnels. Arctic ground squirrels are very vocal. They are called "sik-sik" by the Inupiat Eskimos in Alaska because of the sounds they make. Threats Unsustainable hunting for skins for local trade. Habitat degradation through grazing by increasing numbers of livestock. Drying of water sources and droughts. Bigger animals like arctic foxes and wolves, grizzly bears, lynxes, eagles and wolverines. Melting ice, which is caused by global warming. Thank you for listening !
Merlin-Hans Hiiekivi Authors:J.M.Suttie S.G Reynolds Intro • Temperate Asia has vast areas of grazing lands • Both transhumant and agropastoral systems are common Cold semi-arid Asia • Over most of area thee is little interaction between herding and croping • A major herding skill is getting stock fat summer and autumn to survive the winter • In 20th the livestock industry was collectivized for a period • Most of the countries of th region report serious degradation of their grazing lands. By the least affected is Mongolia Mongolia Case Study • Topographic features , weather andfeed availability influence the itineraries chosen for immigration • All movements are west-east to make better use of pasture recources and climatic differences • Distance travelled annually is between 90 and 180 km • No herders stay at higher altitudes in winter • Since decollectivization puclic services, including
mountainous regions tending to receive the greatest deposition An example of this effect is the low pH of rain which falls in Scandinavia Effects Many ecosystems are affected by acid rain. Bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers, see many of their inhabitants die off due to rising acidity levels. Acidic water also ruins plant nutrients, hurting plants' ability to survive and to give life to other organisms Human-made products are also experiencing degradation from acid rain. Cars can lose their finishes, and outdoor statues are beginning to rust Acid rain's effects are destructive and long lasting. Though scientists have studied lakes, streams, and many other natural ecosystems to prove its negative effects, acid rain continues to be produced and is increasing in many parts of the world. Thank You!
Plane flings carbon dioxide and other pollution to the atmosphere. 3. Biodeversity Due to humans about 500 plants are extincting by the Mediterrean Sea. In the water the divers can damage coral reefs. 4. Water is one of the most critical natural resource. The tourism industry geneally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies. Kasutatud allikad: http://www.taskutark.ee/m/turismi-areng-roll-riigi-majanduses-ja-moju-keskkonnale/? auth=dGFza3V0YXJr https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turism http://cor.europa.eu/en/activities/arlem/activities/meetings/Documents/sudev-report2012-tourism- et.pdf http://traveltips.usatoday.com/positive-negative-effects-tourism-63336.html http://www.gdrc.org/uem/eco-tour/envi/one.html
greatest deposition (simply because of their higher rainfall). An example of this effect is the low pH of rain (compared to the local emissions) which falls in Scandinavia. Many ecosystems are affected by acid rain. Bodies of water, such as lakes and rivers, see many of their inhabitants die off due to rising acidity levels. Acidic water also ruins plant nutrients, hurting plants' ability to survive and to give life to other organisms. Human-made products are also experiencing degradation from acid rain. Cars can lose their finishes, and outdoor statues are beginning to rust. Acid rain's effects are destructive and long lasting. Though scientists have studied lakes, streams, and many other natural ecosystems to prove its negative effects, acid rain continues to be produced and is increasing in many parts of the world.
(slide) Firstly there is permeability which is a rate of flow of fluid into a porous solid of concrete. Then comes diffusivity- a situation where gas or liquid will be transmitted through the substance. And finally there is sorptivity which is a process where liquid is absorbed by capillarity. When the concrete is drying, it is very important to cure it well. (slide) It means watering the concrete to keep all the previous factors as low as possible. (slide) Degradation of concrete is mainly caused by chemical affects such as reactions with sulfates, sea water, acids and alkalis and physical affects including frost, fire, wind and water erosion. The chemical processes are complicated and need special circumstances to react. As a result of those, concrete usually cracks. (slide) Sea water, however, may fill the pores of concrete in marine areas, which makes it even more durable.
• World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is the main promoter Vocabulary • Vast monocultures - suured monokultuurid • Conservation values – kaitseväärtused • Critical habitat – olulised elupaigad • Greenhouse gas emmission – kasvuhoonegaaside levimine • Intensive cultivation – intensiivviljelus • Livelihood – elatis • Indigenous people – põlisrahvad • Derived from – millegist pärinenud • Flourish – õitsema • Abundant – rikkalik • Habitat degradation – elupaiga lagunemine • Poacher – salakütt • Social implication – sotsiaalne mõju References • http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/footprint/agriculture/palm_oil/ • http://www.saynotopalmoil.com/Whats_the_issue.php • http://www.wwf.org.au/our_work/saving_the_natural_world/forests/palm_oil/ what_wwf_is_doing/certified_sustainable_palm_oil / • http:// www.eatingwell.com/blogs/health_blog/the_dangerous_ingredient_you_re_ eating_and_don_t_even_know_it • http:// www
and characters, its main events are related to or caused by the dogmas of class distinctions. The main characters are influenced by that on numerous occasions. Mr. Darcy, of noble descent, finds it hard at first to cope with the relatives and social status of the woman he falls in love with, Elizabeth. He goes as far as mentioning his superiority to her in his first marriage proposal, as was described in the novel. "His sense of her inferiority -of its being a degradation- of the family obstacles which judgment had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit." This may show that Mr. Darcy had zero comprehension of politeness, but it can also serve as a proof of the deep-rooted understandings of equal fortune and class between the ones who tie the knot in the 19th century.
exploitation of natural resources, overfishing, poaching and human overpopulation. Lower Life Expectancy in the Fastest Growing Countries • According to a Harvard study, "Over the next forty years, nearly all (97%) of the 2.3 billion projected increase will be in the less developed regions, with nearly half (49%) in Africa." Already strained with relentless population explosion, many developing countries, such as in Sub Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, will experience a degradation of their quality and length of life as they face increasing difficulties to supply water, food, energy and housing to their growing populations, which will have major repercussions for public health, security measures and economic growth. Increased Global Warming and Climate Change • According to the Center for Biological Diversity, "The largest single threat to the ecology and biodiversity of the planet in the decades to come will be global climate
jpg (15.11.2015) ● Picture 6 (slide 7) Bendrick L. Of cow burps, beef, and methane. http://grist.org/article/2009-05-21-on-cow-burps- meat-and-methane/ (15.11.2015) ● Picture 7 (slide 8) Egan J. Which Big Texas City Will Need 150% More Water by 2040? https://www.lawnstarter. com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/water.jpg (15.11.2015) ● Picture 9 (slide 12) Garling B. WHAT’S THE ROLE OF FACTORY FARMING IN OCEAN DEGRADATION? http: //mission-blue.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/ALGAE-ASIA-Farm-runoff-1024x763.jpg (15.11.2015) ● Picture 10 (slide 14) http://weknowyourdreams.com/images/food/food-02.jpg (15.11.2015) ● Picture 11 (slide 15) https://c1.staticflickr.com/7/6214/6297575351_68f9265f38.jpg (15.11.2015)
has continued to this day. In subsequent years, unmarried couples no longer felt persecuted for living together. Frankness regarding sexual matters was common. Religious and cultural diversity gained greater acceptance. Even fashion was impacted as the popularity of the necktie and other business apparel declined and was replaced by more casual dress standards. Some changes were not as positive though. Some argue that the movement ushered in more liberal press and movies which has led to a degradation of our cultural values and ethics. Youth fashions became more and more bizarre , and sexual, in an attempt to rebel against the mainstream values. Some argue that the embrace of spontaneity and worship of the “primitive” have turned us towards mindlessness and violence. Hippies in 1960’s used different drugs etc to expand their counsciousness; today’s (not only) hipsters use also drugs and alcohol to relax and get away from reality. What is
biruang) 3. ASIATIC BLACK BEAR (kaeluskaru) 4. SLOTH BEAR (huulkaru) 5. ANDEAN BEAR (prillkaru) 6. POLAR BEAR 7. BROWN BEAR 8. THE AMERICAN BLACK BEAR (baribal) 1. GIANT PANDA • The giant panda remains the world's most threatened bear species. • A very high risk of extinction (väljasuremine) in the wild. • Despite "the establishment of nearly 60 panda reserves, a ban on logging (metsaraie keeld), and widespread reforestation programmes," habitat destruction and degradation are still the panda's greatest enemies. 2. SUN BEAR • The world's smallest bear species. • We estimate that sun bears have declined by at least 30 percent over the past 30 years and continue to decline at this rate. • Sun bears live mostly in the tropical forests of mainland Southeast Asia. • The two major threats to the species are habitat loss and commercial hunting. 3. ASIATIC BLACK BEAR • Found in forests in every country in mainland Southeast Asia, except
I will be speaking for about 10 minutes. I’ll be pleased to answer any questions you may have at the end of the presentation. INTRODUCTION: What is overfishing? What is causing overfishing? Why is overfishing a problem? Fishing down the food web. What can we do to help? WHAT IS OVERFISHING?: Overfishing can be defined in a number of ways. However, everything comes down to one simple point: Catching too much fish for the system to support leads to an overall degradation (degrödašon) to the system. Overfishing is a non-sustainable use of the oceans. WHAT IS CAUSING OVERFISHING?: Worldwide, fishing fleets are two to three times as large as needed to take present day catches of fish and other marine species (spiišis) and as what our oceans can sustainably support. On a global scale we have enough fishing capacity (cäpaseti) to cover at least four Earth like planets. On top of the overcapacity many fishing methods (methouds) are unsustainable in their own way
Teised liikuvad saasteallikad 0 Haiglajäätmete põlemine 0,5 Tööstusjäätmete põletamine 8 Why are dioxins a problem? Dioxins are widely encountered toxic substances. They are found in all environmental compartments, are persistent and, being fat soluble, they tend to accumulate in higher animals including humans. Their resistance to degradation and semivolatility means that they may be transported over long distances and give rise to transnational exchanges of pollutants. In addition, dioxins which were released into the environment many years ago are still contributing to current exposure. Even very small dioxin concentrations can cause negative effects on the environment and on human health, in particular on the most vulnerable groups like children. Human health effects include impairment of the immune system,
grown on the African oil palm tree. Oil palms are originally from Western Africa, but can flourish wherever heat and rainfall are abundant. Today, palm oil is grown throughout Africa, Asia, North America, and South America, with 85% of all palm oil globally produced and exported from Indonesia and Malaysia; but most of the time not using sustainable measures. The industry is linked to major issues such as deforestation, habitat degradation, climate change, animal cruelty and indigenous rights abuses in the countries where it is produced, as the land and forests must be cleared for the development of the oil palm plantations. According to the World Wildlife Fund, an area the equivalent size of 300 football fields of rainforest is cleared each hour to make way for palm oil production. This large-scale deforestation is pushing many species to extinction, and findings show that if nothing hanges, species like the
predicted half-life of approximately 19 hours in clean air and about half that time in polluted air. Water When released to water, formaldehyde will biodegrade to low levels in a few days. In nutrient- enriched seawater, there is a long lag period (40 hours) prior to measurable loss of formaldehyde by presumably biological processes. Formaldehyde in aqueous effluent is degraded by activated sludge and sewage in 4872 hours. In a die-away test, using water from a stagnant lake, degradation was complete in 30 hours under aerobic conditions and 48 hours under anaerobic conditions. Bhattacharya and Parkin used anaerobic chemostats to study fate and kinetic effects of sludge and continuous additions of formaldehyde to acetate and propionate enrichment systems. The high reduction of formaldehyde with continuous addition is indicative of biodegradation, since the combination of volatilization, adsorption, and chemical transformation should account for less than 25% of the removal
through physical compaction and break-up of the soil caused by the hooves of animals and through the erosion effects caused by the removal of protective plant cover. Such effects are most likely to occur on land subjected to repeated and heavy grazing. The effects of overstocking are often worst on soils of low fertility and in low rainfall areas below 500 mm, as most soil nutrients in these areas tend to be concentrated in the surface so any movement of soil can lead to severe degradation. Alteration in soil structure and nutrient levels affects the establishment, growth and survival of plant species and in turn can lead to a change in woodland structure and composition. Tree clearing Large areas of savanna have been cleared of trees, and this clearing is continuing today. For example until recently 480,000 ha of savanna were cleared annually in Australia alone primarily to improve pasture production. Substantial savanna areas have been cleared of woody vegetation and
Denotative shift is movement in sideways, a combination of extension and specialization. e.g. gossip-- godfather and idle talk. Metaphor and metonymy Metaphor- based upon a perception of similarity. Mouse- computer mouse and quiet as a mouse. Metonymy- is a word that is not called by its own name but by the name it is associated with Hollywood. Meaning restriction and extension. Specialization of meaning- means narrowing the meaning, extended - widened meanings. Generalization. Meaning degradation and elevation Pejoration (worsening of meaning) deterioration. Amelioration- improvement of meaning. Monosemy Word only has one meaning. Polysemy the meaning of the word depends on the sentence. The content- where the word is placed in the sentence. Homonyms words with the same spelling and pronunciation but a different meaning. Skate, mouth Homophones words that are pronounced the same. Rose, to-two-too Homographs words that are spelled the same. Lead, close, wind.
the dynamic jitter buffer algorithm is inadequate. The jitter buffers, codecs and packet loss concealment techniques influence the speech quality in IP phones and gateways differently and there are wide variations between brands, models and software versions. MOS, jitter and packet loss trends are presented graphically on the VoIP Monitor screen. The Diagnostics feature gives additional information about the percentage impact each parameter has on the degradation of speech quality as well as indicating where the network problems lie. Price Finally, a calculation of all our costs presented in Table 1. Table.1 - The calculation of price Name Quantity [pc] Price per one pc. [EEK] CISCO827 ADSL Router 2 870 3Com® Switch 4500 PWR 50-Port 2 25 380
consolidate their power. In this example, the free riders avoid all of the personal risks of war while enjoying the benefit of tax dollars spent under the false popular perception of the urgent need for national defense. Government is indeed the primary mechanism by which societies address free rider problems. In addition to fiscal measures noted above, regulation is another form of collective action taken by governments to resolve free riders problems such as environmental degradation or excessive resource use. The free rider problem is also one justification for the existence of governments which provide public goods. Some ideologies, such as libertarian capitalism, are often rebuked, because in such a system all property in a society would be privately owned, away from any state involvement or regulation. Libertarians counter that potential free riders within their system could face social ostracism, which may deter those who accept services
Heaks võib lugeda ka lutserni-roog-aruheina rohusööta kui segukülvi KA-s on kõrrelisi alla 30%. Tänuavaldus Uurimistööd toetas Põllumajandusministeerium (leping nr. 3.4.- 23/121 ja 152). Kasutatud kirjandus Buxton, D. R. and. Redfearn, D. D. 1997. Plant limitations to fiber digestion and utilization. The Journal of Nutrition 127(5), 814S818S. Hoffman, P.C., Sievert, S. J., Shaver, R.D,. Welch, D. A. and. Combs, D. K. 1993. In situ DM,protein and fiber degradation of perennial forages. J. Dairy Sci 76, 26322643. Jung, H.G. and Engels, F.M. 2002. Alfalfa Stem Tissues: cell-wall deposition, composition and degradability. Crop Science, 42, 524534. Kärt, O., Karis, V., Ots, M. 2002. Mäletsejaliste proteiinitoitumine ja metaboliseeruval proteiinil põhinev söötade hindamise süsteem. Tartu, 40 lk Moore, K. J. and Jung, H-J. G. 2001. Lignin and fiber digestion. J. Range Manage 54, 420 430.
been recorded in many regions of the world, illustrating a major problem which needs to be confronted by waste management companies. When this gas is trapped, however, it can be made useful, instead of just being a nuisance. Trapped biogas can be used to power stoves for cooking and heating, in addition to other applications. By trapping the gases, people can prevent methane from reaching the atmosphere, thereby reducing degradation caused by methane gas. The ability to turn waste products into something which can be utilized is also rather convenient, especially in developing countries, where available resources may be limited. Furthermore, by turning biomass into biogas, people can address issues like sewage treatment, ensuring that raw sewage is not released into the natural environment. Producing process Biogas is normally produced by using the excreta of animals as the source material.
carried out to satisfy the needs of the people have major impact on in areas of action. Sidorenko and Buzoleva (2007) stated that soil microbiocenosis is one of the most complicated biological communities. Various interrelationships occur between bacteria in the process of their activity, including those at the metabolic level. These interralationships can will bias the balanced system. For instance, Halasz et al. (2011) researched clearly showed that soils, degradation and transformation of natural and xenobiotics depends on the activities of soil enzymes and the number and activities of soil micro organisms. Deposited waste of dumps as an ecological factor changes the chemical composition, microflora and enzyme activity of soils. Agriculture and fertilisation of soil is another mojor game changer for the microflora of soil. Canbolat et al. (2007) state in their research that microbial biomass appeared to increase with
word denotes: e.g. the meaning of bird, formerly ‘young bird’, was extended, in the early history of English, to mean ‘bird’ in general. Also called ‘extension of meaning’: but extensions that involve the simple loss of a restriction (like the restriction to birds that are young) might usefully be distinguished from those by which new senses will be added. Thing, box, derrick. 34. Meaning degradation and elevation Meaning degradation is a process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense. Many words which were once names for the common people in the Middle-Ages have taken on bad meanings. A boor was merely a 'peasant' and has now degraded to a 'rude, ill-mannered person'. Word Old Meaning Degraded Meaning silly happy foolish
Titin (aka connectin) is a megaprotein that is thought to act as a “molecular ruler” by pro- approximately 3 megadaltons in size. In viding a scaffolding or template for the addition to being the largest protein found in developing myofibril (Clark et al. 2002). mammalian tissues, it is also the third-most Due to the aforementioned roles of titin abundant. A single titin molecule is estimated in living cells, it is quite conceivable that 12 Chapter 1 its degradation in postmortem muscle would extends from the Z-line to the pointed ends lead to weakening of the longitudinal struc- of the thin filament. The C-terminal end of ture of the myofibrillar sarcomere and integ- nebulin is embedded into the Z-line. Nebulin rity of muscle. This weakening, in conjunction is highly nonextensible and has been referred with other changes in postmortem muscle, to as a molecular ruler that during develop- could lead to enhanced tenderness
One of the options suggested is using the process of desalinization. Industrial development is filling our rivers, seas and oceans with toxic pollutants which are a major threat to human health. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO REDUCE WATER POLLUTION. 9. Urban Sprawl: Urban sprawl refers to migration of population from high density urban areas to low density rural areas which results in spreading of city over more and more rural land. Urban sprawl results in land degradation, increased traffic, environmental issues and health issues. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO FIX URBAN SPRAWL. 10. Genetic Engineering: Genetic modification of food using biotechnology is called genetic engineering. Genetic modification of food results in increased toxins and diseases as genes from an allergic plant can transfer to target plant. Genetically modified crops can cause serious environmental problems as an engineered gene may prove toxic to wildlife
(km/s). Although these speeds are possible, the heat generated from the propulsion of the object is enough to erode the rails rapidly. Under high-use conditions, current railguns would require frequent replacement of the rails, or to use a heat-resistant material that would be conductive enough to produce the same effect. The barrel must withstand these conditions for up to several rounds per minute for thousands of shots without failure or significant degradation. These parameters are well beyond the state of the art in materials science for now. 1.3 How a railgun works The power supply is simply a source of electric current. Typically, the current used in medium- to large-caliber railguns is in the millions of amps. The rails are lengths of conductive metal, such as copper. They can range from 1.2 to 9 meters long. The armature bridges the gap between the rails. It can be a solid piece of conductive metal or a
Majanduslikust ja loomade füsioloogilisest eelisest lähtuvalt sobib segukülvide rohusööt veiste põhisöödaks liblikõieliste puhaskülvi taimikust paremini. Kasutatud kirjandus. Buxton, D. R., Redfearn, D. D. 1997. Plant limitations to fiber digestion and utilization. The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 127- 5, pp 814S-818S. Hoffman, P.C., Sievert, S. J., Shaver, R.D,. Welch, D. A. and. Combs, D. K. 1993. In situ DM, protein and fiber degradation of perennial forages. J. Dairy Sci 76:2632-2643, Jung, H.G., Engels, F.M. 2002. Alfalfa Stem Tissues: cell-wall deposition, composition and degradability. Crop Science 42:524-534. Kärt, O., Karis, V., Ots, M. 2002. Mäletsejaliste proteiinitoitumine ja metaboliseeruval proteiinil põhinev söötade hindamise süsteem. Tartu, 40 lk. Moore, K. J. and Jung, H-J. G. 2001. Lignin and fiber digestion. J. Range Manage 54:420-430. Oll, Ü. 1994. Söötmisõpetus I. Tln
Wall Street – (a street in NY where some of the most important US financial institutions are centered.) The American financial world or money market. 34. Meaning restriction and extension Euphemism: the useo f terms of innocent meaning to denote what is unpleasant or indelicate: Toilet = cloakroom (UK polite word for toilet, especially in a public building); senior citizen – old person polite way; merry - drunk, to go – to die, perspiration – sweat, plump – fat. 35. Meaning degradation and elevation Pejoration (worsening of meaning, deterioration) <> Amelioration (improvement of meaning) Pejoration: • - in moral terms • - unpleasant social implication • - unpleasant aesthetic implication • - psychological causes Examples: propaganda, grotesque, peasant Amelioration: nice (used to mean stupid) Weaking of meaning Terribly: in a terrible manner, so as to cause terror or dread OR very painfully OR in an exceedingly incompetent manner or very poorly
on isiklikul valikul. Tegu on ebamoraalne kui rikub teiste vabadusi ja/või õiguseid. 2. Kogukonnaeetika – eetilisena vaadeldakse interpersonaalsete kohustuste täitmist. Tegu on ebamoraalne kui indiviid oma kohustusi teiste ees ei täida. 3. Jumalikkuse eetika – seotud pühaduse ning asjade „loomuliku korraga“. Tegusid nähakse ebamoraalsetena kui need põhjustavad enda või teiste rüvetamist (impurity) või alandamist (degradation) või kui ei näidata üles austust Jumala või Jumala poolt loodu üle. S O P H . 0 0 . 3 0 9 C r o s s - C u l t u r a l P s y c h o l o g y | 13 Need kolm eetilist koodi on moraalsed koodid sel määral, et (1) peegeldavad arusaama õigest ja valest, mis ei tugine individuaalsetele eelistustele (ie ei ole isiklik valik) ja (2) ei ole ka kogukonna valik (ie ei ole tava). Kogukonnaeetika (ethic of community)
Väita, et prostitutsioon on seesmiselt väär, on argumentidest keeldumine. Moralist lihtsalt “näeb” seda ebamoraalsust ja kõik. 40. Kuidas tagada ausa mängu elluviimist Laste ja noortega töötamisel? Laste ja noorte kaasamist ning osalemist sporditegevuses mõjutab laiem sotsiaalne keskkond. Potentsiaalne spordist 51. Iseloomustage radikaal-feministlikku lähenemist Prostitutioon on olemuslikult seotud (a) alandamise (degradation) ja (b) rõhumisega (oppression) (Ka mitte-feministid on seda väitnud. Seda tulenev kasu ühiskonnale ja igale üksikisikule saab olla võimalikult suur ainult sel juhul, kui praegu tagaplaanil paiknev Aus Mäng saab tõstetud tähelepanu keskmesse. Ausa Mängu põhimõtetele vaadet pooldavad eelkõige radikaalfeministid, mitteliberaalfeministid). Miks on prostitutsioon alandav? a) Impersonaalne? - Ei tarvitse olla ju. Tõsi, streetwalkeri puhul sageli on. Pole aega
Midagi ei varjatud! The participants in the Zimbardo study were fully informed about what the study would show, so there was no deception. Every participant who took part in the study had the right to withdraw. This was made clear. One participant did withdraw from the experiment after just one day due to his severe symptoms of emotional disturbance. However, the participants felt as though they didn’t have the right to withdraw, even when they went through the degradation and hostility that many ague were completely unethical. There was no way of telling how serious the situation would get throughout the duration of the study. Debriefing. Zimbardo held day-long debriefing sessions. Moral conflicts were discussed. Most participants said that they had benefited from taking part in the study. Kohanemine Vangide kohanemisviisid: • Some tried being good prisoners. • Four broke down emotionally. • Some tried rebelling against the guards.
Lisatakse K2SO4 (lahuse keemistemperatuuri tõstmiseks) ja Cu soola (katalüsaator), nt CuSO4. Destilleeritakse, lisades NaOH väikestes kogustes, tekib lenduv NH3, mis püütakse HCl lahusesse, HCl ülejääk tiitritakse NaOH-ga ja arvutatakse kulunud HCl moolide arv. seega: 1. proov + H2SO4 + Na2SO4 + Cu soolad 2. kuumutatakse (~200 *C) 3. lisatakse NaOH 4. tekkiv NH3 püütakse HCl lahusesse 5. tiitritakse HCl ülejääk NaOH-ga 6. arvutused Degradation: Sample + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4(aq) + CO2(g) + SO2(g) + H2O(g) Liberation of ammonia: (NH4)2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) + 2NH3(g) Capture of ammonia: B(OH)3 + H2O + NH3 NH4+ + B(OH)4 Back-titration: B(OH)3 + H2O + Na2CO3 NaHCO3(aq) + NaB(OH)4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O KOMPLEKSONOMEETRILINE TIITRIMINE. 77. Kompleksimoodustamine. Ligand ja tsentraalaatom. Kompleksi püsivuskonstant.
great operative force, wants to recreate history, wants to show that the causes of what is happening now has to be found somewhere in the history. Unlike other modernists Dos Passos is interested in the average man, more than other modernist authors. Geography of the novel extends from east coast to west coast. It is also international because part of it takes place in france. Organization of LEIVA??, industrial interest, war and ??, art, expluatation, standardisation, dehumanistaion, degradation of ethical and cultural values. He is fascinated with outcasts, the alienated, the outsiders, people who have been beated with life, the descenters-those who don't agree with the majority are the descenters, they are interested in those people. The book follows the lives of nine characters. All aspects of the lives are represented to us, the rich are corrupt, the poor may be not so corrupt, decent, but they can accomplish nothing because they are poor
You must allow me to tell you how ardently I admire and love you." Elizabeth's astonishment was beyond expression. She stared, coloured, doubted, and was silent. This he considered sufficient encouragement; and the avowal of all that he felt, and had long felt for her, immediately followed. He spoke well; but there were feelings besides those of the heart to be detailed; and he was not more eloquent on the subject of tenderness than of pride. His sense of her inferiority--of its being a degradation--of the family obstacles which had always opposed to inclination, were dwelt on with a warmth which seemed due to the consequence he was wounding, but was very unlikely to recommend his suit. In spite of her deeply-rooted dislike, she could not be insensible to the compliment of such a man's affection, and though her intentions did not vary for an instant, she was at first sorry for the pain he was to receive; till, roused to resentment by his subsequent language,
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