1. Active/Passive Active - the professor teaches the students. Passive - The students are taught by the professor 2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim
MOODUSTAMINE ABITEGUSÕNAD AJAMÄÄRUSED AEGADE Et moodustada eitavat, küsilauset NIHE KAUDSES KÕNES AJAVORM Present Simple Tegusõna I põhivorm Always, often, usually, Lihtolevik (algvorm) do sometimes, seldom, does every .... , once a year, he / she / it +s twice a month ...... Past Simple Tegusõna II põhivorm did Yesterday, ..... ago,
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms 3 Lihtolevik The present simple 3 Lihtminevik The past simple 3 Lihttulevik The future simple 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous 4 Kestev tulevik The future conrinuous 4 Täisminevik The present perfect 4 Enneminevik The past perfect 4 Ennetulevik Future perfect 5 Üldminevik Past tense 5 Üldtulevik Future indefinite 5 Artiklid ja eessõnad 7 Eessõnad 7 Kesksõnad 8
INGLISE KEEL Sisukord Sisukord.................................................................................................................................. 2 Ajavormid Tense vorms.......................................................................................................3 Lihtolevik The present simple..................................................................................... 3 Lihtminevik The past simple....................................................................................... 3 Lihttulevik The future simple...................................................................................... 3 Kestev olevik The present continuous......................................................................... 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT I (-s) DO/DOES AM/IS/ARE + ING HAVE/HAS + III pv. I learn English I am learning English I have learned English. I get up at 7 every day. I'm reading a good book at the I've learned 10 words today. He doesn't get up at 7. moment. He hasn't learned any new What time do you get up? He isn't reading anything at the words today. moment. How many words have you What are you reading at the learned today? moment? 1 Korduv tegevus
Get/ Have something TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE WHEN? done Present Simple Am/is/are + Every day, year, often, I pv + do/does Have/ get + sth+ III pv Lihtolevik III pv usually, always Past Simple Yesterday, last year,
Olevik: PS He/she/it + -s /Does I/you/we sama /Do PC am/is/are + -ing PP ... + Have/has + III PPC ... + Have/has been + -ing Minevik: PS -ed/III PC Was/were + -ing PP I/she/it/you/they + Had + -ed/III PPC - ... + had + been + -ing PPS - ... + have/has + III Olevik: Present Simple Lihtolevik: Tegijale harjumuspärane, tihti korduv tegevus, loodusseadused, sõiduplaanid, püsiv olukord. Eevery day/month/ year/once twice a week /often/ usually/ always/seldom/never. Tulevikku väljendades pärast: when, after, as soon as, until. Olekut väljendavate tegusõnadega: Like, love, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore; See, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound; Know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, notice, recognise, think,
Windows are not made of wood. Simple Present · · New York is a small city. It is not important that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English?
AJAD Simple Present: (olevik. Kui midagi toimub iga päev. every day.) EXAMPLES: I play tennis. She does not play tennis. The train leaves every morning at 8 am. The train does not leave at 9am. She always forgets her purse. (Ta alati unustab oma koti) He never forgets his wallet. Every twelve months, the Earth circles the sun. The sun does not circle the Earth. Past Simple: (midagi on tehtud. Tegusõna tuleb panna minevikku ehk II põhivormi. Seda aega tuleb kasutada siis, kui lause väljendab tegevust, mis minevikus tehti ja ka ära lõpetati!) EXAMPLES: I saw a movie yesterday. (Ma nägin eile filmi. Nägin filmi lõpuni.) I didn't see a movie yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. (Sõitsin Jaapanini välja, mitte ei jäänud reisi peal kuhugi toppama) Last year, I didn't travel to Japan. She washed her car. (Ta pesi auto ära
She has lost her keys. 3. Something that began in the past and still continues now. He has been in hospital since Monday. Negative form: We haven't (have not) done our homework yet. He hasn't (has not) visited his granny since August. Question form: Have we met before? How much of that book has she read? Signal words: already, ever, just, yet, so far, till now, up to now, never, since, etc. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (kestev täisminevik) Form: have/has + been + ing Use: 1. An activity that has recently or just stopped (the result is visible in the present). I am out of breath, because I have been running. 2. An activity that started in the past and is still happening. It has been raining for two hours. 3. Actions repeated over a period of time. She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4. We are interested in the activity. It does not matter whether something has been finished or not I
Present Perfect Simple Present [has/have + past participle] [VERB] + s/es in third person: You have seen that movie many times. · You speak English. · Have you seen that movie many times? · Do you speak English? · You have not seen that movie many times · You do not speak English. Examples: Examples: · I have seen that movie twenty times. · I play tennis. · I think I have met him once before. · She does not play tennis. · There have been many earthquakes in · Does he play tennis? California. · The train leaves every morning at 8 AM.
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies
Inglise keele ajavormid Tense Affirmative Negative Interrogative Adverbs Present Simple I do not + I 1) Do you go to school? every day (week, month, (Lihtolevik: Ma käin he, she, it } I-s he, she, it } does not + I 2) When does he go to year) koolis.) ex: I go to school. school? always often She goes to school
INGLISE KEELE GRAMMATIKA Present Simple Lihtoleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I make I do not make Do I make? He/she/it speaks He/she/it does not speak Does he/she/it speak? We/you/they go We/you/they do not go Do we/you/they go? NB! ERANDID! · Verbidele, mis lõpevad ss, h, ch, tch, x või oga, lisatakse ainsuse kolmdandas pöördes es. he does he goes he misses he watches he mixes · Verbid, mis lõpevad yga, mille ees on konsonant, muudavad y iks enne es lisamist. fly he flies carry he carries
Present Simple I Make Do not make Do I make? (lihtolevik) He/she/it Speaks Does not speak Does they go? We/you/they Do not go Do not go Present Continuous I am speaking Am not speaking Am I speaking? (kestev olevik) He/she/it is going Is not going Is he going? We/you/they are making Are not making Are you making? Present Perfect I Have asked Have not asked Have I asked? (täisminevik) He/she/it Has gone Has not gone Has she gone?
Pikk ajalugu on lihvinud keelt ja tulemuseks on lihtne loogika ja käändelõppude puudumine! Mitmekesine ajalugu on aidanud kaasa eri päritolu sõnavarale ning ka hääldusmuredele. Väidetavalt on üle poole inglise keele sõnavarast mitte anglo- saksi päritolu, ehk siis laenatud – kontrolli hoolega, kas ‘sympathy’ ikka tähendab ‘sümpaatiat! kaastunne Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Tenses – Tegusõna ajad • Olevik (Present) • Minevik (Past) • Tulevik (Future) • Kaudne tulevik (Future-in-the-Past) Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Present Tenses • Lihtolevik (Present Simple / Present Indefinite) – regulaarne, korduv tegevus • Kestev olevik (Present Progressive / Present Continuous) – pooleliolev, ühes tükis tegevus • Täisminevik !!! (Present Perfect) – tehtud, *lõpetamata* tegevus • Kestev täisminevik (Present Perfect
TEGUSÕNA PASSIIVI AJAD Present Present Simple Continuous Present Perfect AM + BEING + III HAVE/HAS + BEEN + OLEVIK AM/IS/ARE + III pv pv III pv nt. I am often invited to nt.She is being nt. They have been parties. manipulated. silenced by her sharp tongue. Passiivi
Inglise keele ajavormid: 5. Õppeaasta Ajavorm Tähendus Vormid Abisõnad Present Continuous Kestev olevik am Look! Listen! Now! At (Present Progressive) BE is +ING the moment. At the are present. Present Simple Üldolevik He, she, it + S Always, usually (Indefinite) They, we, you, I (s) Sometimes, every ?does (he, she, it) (s) often Do (they, we, you, I) (s) Past Simple Lihtminevik II pv/ -ed Last, yesterday, ago
TEGUSÕNA AKTIIVI AJAD Lihtolevik Kestev olevik Perfekti olevik Perfekti kestev O [ ma töötan (igal suvel) ] [ ma töötan (praegu) ] [ ma olen (siin) töötanud (alates [ (täna) olen ma (jub 1987. a.) ] töötanud ] O L I, you, we, they I am
Moved to Cali 2005 Was Born Traveled to Europe Husband 1978 School graduates @ Oxford 1999 Started Got married School 1983 2008 2 The Six English Verb Tenses Three Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present You walk. You are walking I run. I am running. Past You Walked You were walking. I ran. I was running. Future You will walk. You will be walking. I will run. I will be running. Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous
on Christmas Day (but at Christmas) We use at in these expressions: at night - at Christmas - at the moment / at present - at the same time - at weekends - at the age of... IN DURING
Past tenses /mineviku ajad/ 1. Past Simple /lihtminevik/ Formation/moodustamine: -- Kõikides pööretes/isikutes tegusõna II põhivorm, mis reeglina lõpeb mineviku tunnusega ed (like liked (hääldub [laikt]); hate hated [heitid]). Ebareeglipäraste sõnade puhul tuleb kasutada II põhivormi (vt. irregular verbs; ebareeglipäraste verbide tabel; näit. write wrote; run ran; buy bought jne.) - Küsimuste ja eitava vormi moodustamisel tuleb tegusõna panna algvormi; aga lisatakse mineviku abisõna did (Did you like the film? She did not (didn't) read the newspaper. When did you come home?) Jaatav Eitav Küsiv (kas-küsimus) I liked (went) I did not (didn't) like/go Did I go? (Läksin ma?) You liked (wento) You did not (didn't) like/go Did you like/go?
,,I met him yesterday" 2. Used To, mineviku harjumused. ,,I used to play tennis." Past Continius (kestev minevik) was/were + ing Kasutus: When, while, as Tegevus: 1. ajutised sündmused. 2. 2 või enam tegevust ,,While i was reading, he was garding." 3. minevikus katkestatud tegevus ,,I was having a shower, when the phone rang." 4. konktreetne kellaaeg minevikus ,, I was watching TV yesterday at 5!" Present Perfect (täisminevik,olevikuaeg) have/has + III pv. Kasutus: Never, ever, already, yet, before, since, for. Tegevus: 1. tegevused alg. Minevik -> now ,,I have been a teacher for 5 years." 2. mineviku situatsiooni resultaat olevikus ,,I have lost my purse." 3. kogemused ,,Have you been in USA?" Have Gone Have Been Go Verbid: She has gone to Austria ( Ta läks Austriasse.) She has been to Austria ( Ta on käinud Austrias.)
Present Simple (lihtolevik) Abitegusõnu do, does kasutatakse ainult + 1.põhivorm + (e)s he, she, it eitavates ja küsilausetes. - do (does) + not + 1.põhivorm ? do (does) + 1.põhivorm Väljendab: Korduvat tegevust, püsivat olukorda, sõiduplaanide jms. Seotud tulevikku Spikkrisõnad: always, sometimes, seldom, often, usually, once a week, twice a day, every day, on Mondays Present Continuous (kestev olevik) Be(am, is, are), kasutatakse jaatavates, + be (am, is, are) + 1.põhivorm ing eitavates ja küsilausetes. - be (am, is, are) + not+ 1.põhivorm -ing ? be (am, is, are) + 1.põhivorm ing Väljendab: Praegu toimuvat tegevust, praeguse momendi vältel toimuvat tegevust, ettekavatsetud tegevus tulevikus Spikkrisõnad: now, at the moment, at 6'clock, today
English Grammar - The most common tenses in English Tense Signal words Use Estonian Form Examples · something happens repeatedly *korduv tegevus every day · how often something happens *püsiv olukord sometimes, *tulevikus
Present Simple · Korduv, regulaarne tegevus: I WORK every day / each Monday / only on Wednesdays. · Üldine, tavapärane tegevus; loodusseadused / füüsika etc. reeglid: I usually DO NOT WORK in summer. She DOES NOT WORK at night. Magnet ATTRACTS iron. · !!! Spordikommentarid: ... and now he PASSES the ball ... and off he GOES towards the goal... · 1pv (+s/es Å he/she/it); ? DO(ES)+ 1pv ; - DO(ES) not + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Progressive · Hetkel toimuv, pooleliolev tegevus: S/he IS TALKing on the phone now. I AM READing an interesting book. · Ajutine, regulaarsele ja tavapärasele vastanduv tegevus (tulevikku viitav): This summer they ARE not GROWing cucumbers as usual. They'RE GROWing tomatoes instead. · !!! Halvakspanu väljendus harjumuspärase tegevuse kohta: He IS always COMPLAINing! · BE (am/is/are) + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Present Perfect ON -NUD
PRESENT SIMPLE [s] lihtolevik · kestvad tegevused. Tom works in the market. · rutiinid. He works every day. · loodusseadused. The sun sets in the west. · ajatabelid ja programmid. The buss leaves at 7 am. · (spordi) kommentaarid. Ben passes ball to Tom. väljendid, mida kasutatakse: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night/the weekend, on Friday etc. He works He don't work Does he work PRESENT CONTINUOUS [ is + ing] kestev olevik · tegevused, mis praegu leiavad aset. Karl is doing his homework at the moment. · plaanitud tegevus lähitulevikus. I am going to school tomorrow. · kui midagi toimub/muutub praegu. The number of burglaries is increasing. · alati sama korduv tegevus. You are always eating, when i wake up. väljendid, mida kasutatakse: now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowdays, still, today, tonight etc. He is working He isn't working Is he working
Kasutame as, kui me viitame informatsioonile, mida nii rääkija kui kuulaja juba teavad As you know, I'm starting a new job next month. 4.2 Narrative tenses 4.2a Lihtminevik Kasutame: et rääkida sündmustest minevikus, mis on nüüdseks lõppenud I went to the zoo last weekend. et rääkida mineviku situatsioonidest I lived next door to my best friend. kaudses kõnes 4.2b Kestev minevik Kasutame: et rääkida asjades, mis on minevikus kestvad. They were walking along the bank of a river. et rääkida sündmusest, mis oli kestev, kui teine sündmus aset leidis They were driving down the road when a dog ran in front of the car. et rääkida tegevustest, mis leidsid aset samal ajal minevikus While I was cooking lunch, Gina was washing the floor. 4.2c Past perfect simple (Had+past participle) Kasutame
Affirmative tense Use Signal Words /Negative/Question · always · action in the present taking place Simple Present A: He speaks. · every ... once, never or several times N: He does not speak. tegevus, mis toimub ühe korra, mitte · never Lihtolevik Q: Does he speak? · normally kunagi või mitu korda
Inglise keeles Eesti keeles + -/? Usage Näited 1. Present Simple Lihtolevik I ajavorm Do, don't, does, doesn't A permanent state, a generally Every day, always, often, (He, she, it + -s) known fact, usual or repeated usually, sometimes, rarely,
annaabi.ee 
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