Kaitstavate varade soovimatu olekumuutus ei tarvitse toimuda silmapilkselt. Enamasti on see mitmeastmeline protsess, mille eri järke on rikkumiste tuvastamiseks ja kaitsevahendite kavandamiseks kasulik piiritleda ja eristada. ISO 2382-8 esitab selleks joonisel 1 oleva skeemi, mis võtab kokku rikkumisprotsessi eri järgud ja nende realiseerumise tagajärjed. Oht Nõrkus Risk (threat) + (vulnerability) = (risk) Rünne Nõrkus Paljang (attack) + (vulnerability) = (exposure) Murre (breach) Sissetung Turvarike (penetration) (compromise) Kahju
an obsession, compulsion, or excessive physical depence or psychological dependence, such as: drug addiction, video games, crime, alcoholism, compulsive overeating, problem gambling, computer addiction, pornography, etc. Drug addiction Drug addiction is widely considered a pathological state. The disorder of addiction involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug-seeking behavior, the vulnerability to relapse, and the decreased, slowed ability to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli. Video game addiction Video game addiction, or more broadly video game overuse, is excessive or compulsive use of computer and video games that interferes with daily life. Instances have been reported in which users play compulsively, isolating themselves from, or from other forms of, social contact and focusing almost entirely on in-game achievements
kmin.ee/et/nato-kuberkaitsekeskus- staff of approximately 40 tallinnas HISTORY • In 2003, prior to the country’s official accession to NATO, Estonia proposed the creation of a "cyber excellence center". The 2006 Riga summit listed possible cyber attacks among the asymmetric threats to the common security and acknowledged the need for programs to protect information systems over the long term. The cyber attacks on Estonia in 2007 highlighted for the first time the potential vulnerability of any NATO countries, their institutions and societies, and even NATO itself to disruption or penetration of their information and communications systems. • Estonia’s proposals for a NATO cyber excellence center received strong support from the alliance’s Secretary-General "Jaap" de Hoop Scheffer. NATO completed an assessment of the situation, partly in light of Estonia’s experience, in April 2007, and approved a NATO policy on cyber defence in January 2008
vastav Isikuandmete kaitse seaduse sätetele? korraldatakse regulaarseid turvaülevaatusi? Sügis 2006 Tallinna Polütehnikum 9 Turvaprobleem Sügis 2006 Tallinna Polütehnikum 10 Turvaprobleemi skeemielemendid Vara (asset) on süsteemi osad, millel on organisatsiooni jaoks väärtus Oht (threat) on süsteemi või organisatsiooni kahjustada võiva soovimatu intsidendi potentsiaalne põhjus Nõrkus (vulnerability) on vara või vararühma nõrk koht, mida saab vaadeldav oht ära kasutada Risk (risk) on võimalus, et oht kasutab ära mingi vara või vararühma nõrkuse ja põhjustab varale kahju Sügis 2006 Tallinna Polütehnikum 11 Turvamudel Sügis 2006 Tallinna Polütehnikum 12 Turvaülesanne Sügis 2006 Tallinna Polütehnikum 13 Turvaülesande skeemielemendid Turvameede (safeguard, security control) on
the country—ranging in age from eighteen to eighty-seven— She saw new patterns that she wanted to know more about. Yes, we all struggle with shame and the fear of not being enough. And, yes, many of us are afraid to let our true selves be seen and known. But in this huge mound of data there was also story after story of men and women who were living these amazing and inspiring lives. She heard stories about the power of embracing imperfection and vulnerability. She learned about the inextricable connection between joy and gratitude, and how things that we take for granted, like rest and play, are as vital to our health as nutrition and exercise. These research participants trusted themselves, and they talked about authenticity and love and belonging in a way that was completely new to me. So many of us try to live our lives according to other people’s rules. We try our hardest to fit in: to do what we think we should do
able to sustain present or future numbers of inhabitants. Loss of Fresh Water • Most of the freshwater resources are either unreachable or too polluted, leaving less than 1% of the world's freshwater, or about 0.003% of all water on Earth, readily accessible for direct human use. • According to the Global Outlook for Water Resources to the Year 2025, it is estimated that by 2025, more than half of the world population will be facing water-based vulnerability and human demand for water will account for 70% of all available freshwater. • Freshwater is the most fundamental finite resource with no substitutes for most uses, yet we are consuming fresh water at least 10 times faster than it is being replenished in regions of northern Africa, the Middle East, India, Pakistan, China, and the U.S.. Species Extinction • Human beings are currently causing the greatest mass extinction of species since the extinction of the dinosaurs 65
Against this bleak backdrop, Henry's reaction to Catherine Barkley is rather astonishing. The reader understands why Henry responds to the game that Catherine proposes--why he pledges his love to a woman he barely knows: like Rinaldi, he hopes for a night's simple pleasures. But an active sex drive does not explain why Henry returns to Catherine--why he continues to swear his love even after Catherine insists that he stop playing. In his fondness for Catherine, Henry reveals a vulnerability usually hidden by his stoicism and masculinity. The quality of the language that Henry uses to describe Catherine's hair and her presence in bed testifies to the genuine depth of his feelings for her. Furthermore, because he allows Henry to narrate the book, Hemingway is able to suffuse the entire novel with the power and pathos of an elegy: A Farewell to Arms, which Henry narrates after Catherine's death, confirms his love and his loss.
8) organisatsiooni elutähtsad dokumendid on kaitstud? 9) isikuandmeid sisaldavate dokumentide kaitstus on vastav isikuandmete kaitse seaduse sätetele? 10) korraldatakse regulaarseid turvaülevaatusi? TURVAPROBLEEMID Turvaprobleemi skeemielemendid. Vara (asset) on süsteemi osad, millel on organisatsiooni jooks väärtus. Oht (threat) on süsteemi või organisatsiooni kahjustada võivad soovimatu intsidendi potentsiaalne põhjus. Nõrkus (vulnerability) on vara või vararühma nõrk koht, mida saab vaadeldav oht ära kasutada. Risk (risk) on võimalus, et oht kasutab ära mingi vara või vararühma nõrkuse ja põhjustab varale kahju. 2 Turvamudel Turvaseadmete skeemielemendid. Turvameede (safeguard, security control) on riski kahandav tegevus, protseduur, protsess või mehhanism.
kasutada ja süsteemi kahjustada. Igasugust intsidentide potentsiaalset põhjust tuleb käsitleda ohuna. Näiteks elektrikatkestus on oht, mis võib ära kasutada elektrisüsteemi poolt tekitatudhaavatavuse.Iga oht on määratud tasemega, mis näitab võimalikku sündmuse esinemissagedust (statistika baasil). Seda taset kasutatakse riskide hindamisel. 3. Mis on haavatavus? Haavatavus (Vulnerability) - nõrkus, mida oht võib ära kasutada. Näiteks avatud tulemüüri port või piisava jahutussüsteemita serveriruum. Puuduv meede kvalifitseeritakse samuti haavatavuseks. 4. Mis on vara? Vara (Asset)-teenuseosutaja varad sisaldavad kõike, midasaab kasutada teenuste osutamiseks nagu juhtimine,organisatsioon, protsess, teadmised, inimesed, informatsioon, rakendused,infrastruktuur ja finantskapital. 5. Mis on riskihaldus?
mistaken belief that they are incapable of influencing their environment. · Another index of learned helplessness, less persistence in the face of challenge also follows acute exposure to uncontrollable environmental stressors. · Depressed affect may co-occur with learned helplessness under certain circumstances. Field studies of chronic environmental stressors reveal parallel trends. Chronic environmental stressors also heighten vulnerability to the induction of learned helplessness by acute, uncontrollable stimuli (Evans, Stecker, 2004) Children's ,,places" and ,,spaces" (Min & Lee, 2006) · Children living in a large high-rise, high-density planned neighborhood of 5277 families reveal that children find most of their psychologically valued settings within the neighborhood outdoor spaces such as designated play areas and developed parks.
informatsiooni ka teabeks või infoks. Andmete käideldavus (availability) on andmete mugav ja õigeaegne kättesaadavus selleks volitatud subjekidele. Andmete konfidentsiaalsus (confidentiality) ehk salastatus on andmete kättesaadavus ainult sellega seotud subjekidele. Andmete terviklikus (integrity) tähendab andmete pärinemist autentsest allikast ning veendumist, et andmeid pole hiljem volitamatult muudetud nii tahtliku tegevuse tulemusena või ka tahtmatult. Haavatavus (vulnerability) on mingi süsteemi (nt sotsiaalse või ökosüsteemi) tõenäolise kahjustumise määr ebasoodsate mõjurite tõttu [ Oht (threat) on olukord, kus kedagi/midagi ähvardab nt õnnetus (õnnetuseoht), katastroof (katastroofioht)[1]; nende võimalus ja tõenäosus[1] (sellises tähenduses langeb see kokku mitmetähendusliku termini "risk" ühe tähendusega). Ründetarkvara on programm, mis kujutab endast ohtu turvalisusele või privaatsusele,
22 Myers, Kitsuse 2000 Constracting the Future in Planning Planning’s broad relevance and its interdisciplinary inclusiveness have served as both a strength and a vulnerability. One emphasis that has been identified as central to the intellectual and professional identity or mission of planning is “foresight” (Markusen 1998), “a focus on the future and pathways of change over time” (Strategic Marketing Committee of ACSP 1997), or “persuasive storytelling about the future” A Surprising Neglect (hüljatud). “....planning has lost sight of the future....Planning voluntarily is
played through a hacking scenario of a Jeep [7]. Whilst the journalist drove, the hackers manipulated the car to switch radio stations, turn on the cold air flow in the car and eventually they cut the transmission, leaving the car unable to accelerate. As this was just a show, no people were endangered during the process. Yet it still shows how vulnerable the internet of things is, even amongst large corporations, such as the one which produces Jeep. The vulnerability presents itself largely in the physical damage a virus or a malevolent hacker could cause. Although this does not only involve Jeeps, since similar attacking scenarios were also performed successfully on cars such as Tesla Model S and a 2013 Corvette. Not only does it concern cars, but also a TrackingPoint self-aiming „smart“ rifle was hacked by reverse-engineering it for a journalistic experiment [8]. Cases like these suggest that elements of security are lacking in areas
• Ekstravertsus/Extraversion - energy, positive emotions, surgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation and the company of others. • Kooskõlalisus/Agreeableness - a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. • Neurootilisus/Neuroticism - a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, or vulnerability; sometimes called emotional instability. PROJEKTRIIVSED TESTID • Hermann Rorschach (20 saj algus) – värviplekitest • Henry Murray (1930dad) – TAT • Projektiivsete testide interpreteerimine ja kasutusalad UURMISSTRATEEGIAD • Erinevate meetodite kombineerimine uurimiseesmärgi saavutamiseks: juhtumianalüüs, etnograafiline uuring, turu-uuringud; • Kvalitatiivne lähenemine vs positivistlik uurimistraditsioon JUHTUMIANALÜÜS
144. VARYING - Differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class. - varieerima, muutma, varieeruma, muutuma, erinema, lahknema (Oxford Dictionary) 145. VAST - extremely big - tohutu, tohutu suur, hiiglaslik, grandioosne (Cambridge Dictionary) 146. VERTICAL INDUSTRIES - Involving all the stages from the production to the sale of a class of goods. vertikaalne tootmisharu (Oxford Dictionary) 147. VULNERABILITY - able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked - haavatavus, nõrkus, kahjustatavus, kaitsetus (Cambridge Dictionary)
of enthusiasm with the ideas of internet-only banks that ran up to 2001. The second wave has recognized the internet bank as the complement to the branches that are still needed to develop the customer relationship. 5.5. References and readings Cavell, David J. (2008). Retail financial services The main delivery channels reviewed. London: VRL Publishing. Gylfason, T., Holmström, B., Korkman, S., Söderström, H. T., and Vihriälä, V. (2010). Nordics in Global Crisis: Vulnerability and resilience. Helsinki: ETLA and Taloustieto Oy. Howells, P., and Bain, K. 2008. The Economics of Money, Banking and Finance: A European Text, 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Financial Times, Harlow, England. Molyneux, P., Altunbas, Y., and Gardener, E. (1996). Efficiency in European Banking. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Pozsar, Z. and M. Singh. (2011). The Nonbank-Bank Nexus and the Shadow Banking System. IMF Working Paper, No. 28
Riigi minimaalne roll Riikide 'saatus' Pikk kasvuaeg Kriitika: o Tööstusrevolutsioon o Hegemooni roll Vastastikune sõltuvus Keohane & Nye, 1977 Tähendab realismi: o Suhtluskanalid o Teemade hierarhia puudumine kõik on poliitiliselt oluline, mitte ainult julgeolek o Sõjalise jõu väike roll Mõõdikud: o Tundlikkus (sensitivity) o Haavatus (vulnerability) Reziimiteooriad Normide ja otsustamisprotseduuride süsteem, mida riigid kindlal probleemiala aktsepteerinud kui siduvaid Põhimõtted, normid, reeglid ja otsustamisprotseduurid, millede ümber antud probleemalas tegutsejate ootused on ühesugused Valitsevad kokkulepped, mis mõjutavad vastastikkuse sõltuvuse suhteid Reziimi komponendid Printsiibid ja normid reziimi defineerivad põhilised tunnused Reeglid ja otsustamisprotseduurid
For example, an optimistic person attributes his/her failures to external causes (the environment or other people), to variable causes which are not likely to happen again, and to specific causes that will not affect his/her success in other endeavors. This explanatory style is associated with better performances (academic, athletic, or work productivity), greater satisfaction in interpersonal relationships, better coping, less vulnerability to depression, and better physical health. · Lootus ja positiivne tulevikupilt - hope and positive futures - a learned style of goal-directed thinking in which the person utilizes both pathways thinking (the perceived capacity to find routes to desired goals) and agency thinking (the requisite motivations to use those routes. Emotsionaalne intelligentsus · Emotsionaalne intelligentsus (emotional intelligence): võime ja oskus ära tunda, määratleda ja juhtida
o eeskirjade järgimine, o litsentside uuendamine, o tarnijatega läbirääkimised, o lepingute koostamine ja uuendamine Põhieesmärgiks on suurendada infotehnoloogia investeeringutest tagasisaadavat tulu IT ressursside turvamisega seotud mõisteid ( haavatavus, oht, risk) Infosüsteemi turvamise jaoks on vaja: 1. määratleda kaitstavad varad ja 2. hinnata nende haavatavust ja turvalisustaset Haavatavus (Vulnerability) Haavatavus on andmete ja infosüsteemi nõrkus, mis võib viia rünnakuteni ja kahjustusteni ohuni. Infosüsteemi nõrgad kohad on andmete turvalisuse rikkumise algpõhjused, mis võivad endaga kaasa tuua: · finantspettusi; · brändinimede ja märkide kahjustumist; · klientide ja partnerite usalduse kaotust; · organisatsiooni tegutsemise lakkamist. Oht (Threat) Märk kättejõudvast kahjust. Nõrkuse tingimus (eeldus), mis ohustab IT varade ja andmete turvalisust. Oht
Viiefaktoriline mudel · Neurootilisus (Neuroticism) · Ekstravertsus (Extraversion) · Avatus kogemusele (Openness to experience) · Sotsiaalsus (Agreeableness) · Meelekindlus (Conscientiousness) Neurootilisus (ninasarvik) · Ärevus (Anxiety) · Vaenulikkus (Angry Hostility) · Masendus (Depression) · Kohmetus (Self-Consciousness) · Impulsiivsus (Impulsiveness) · Abitus (Vulnerability) Ekstravertsus (lõvi) · Soojus (Warmth) · Seltsivus (Gregariousness) · Kehtestavus (Assertiveness) · Aktiivsus (Activity) · Elamustejanu (Excitement-Seeking) · Positiivsed emotsioonid Avatus kogemusele (leopard) · Avatus fantaasiale (... to fantasy) · ... kunstile (Aesthetics) · ... tunnetele (Feelings) · ... teguviisidele (Actions) · ... mõtetele (Ideas) · ..
channel data rate R. no a priori coordination among nodes· Two or more transmitting nodes: collision, Token-based(Handshake) protocols:· Consumes bandwidth for explicit token then Ethernet "jam" signal when buffers fill beyond a design packet corrupted.With ALOHA, packet vulnerability depends on time of flight.Note that if the first bit of passing Master/Slave polling the worst individual polling message Token bus { threshold level.
Children in the “Rights and Responsibilities” Debate` Journal of Social Policy, Vol 34 (2005 b) 39-57 (p.44); Morrow, pp. 149-151; Young Children`s Citizenship, ed. By Bren Neale (York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2004), pp. 6-7; Alderson, p. 131; Howe and Covell, p. 57; Children`s Childhoods Observed and Experienced, pp.36-37; Morrow, pp.149-151). 9 relates children with innocence and vulnerability often `constructs children out of society, mutes their voices, denies their personhood, and limits their potential` 26. Children are not citizens in a constitutional sense, they cannot vote. They are perceived as `presocial` actors `trapped in the state of becoming rather than being`.27 Thereupon, children are not considered of being rational and capable of exercising responsibility until the age of majority, the age of 18. 28 There is an imposition that granting
dokumendi elukäigu etappidel [30, lk 60]. Seetõttu peavad asutused teadvustama ohtusid, mis kaasnevad dokumendi- ja arhiivihalduses infosüsteemide ja andmebaaside kasutatavuse katkemise või häirimisega, sellest tulenevalt peavad olema ka hinnatud ja välja töötatud ning rakendatud ajakohased ja majanduslikult otstarbekad ennetus- ja turvameetmed. Oht Nõrkus Risk (threat) + (vulnerability) = (Risk) Rünne + Nõrkus = Paljang (attack) (exposure) Murre (breach) Turvarike (compromise) Sissetung (penetration) Kahju (loss) Joonis 3
For example, an optimistic person attributes his/her failures to external causes (the environment or other people), to variable causes which are not likely to happen again, and to specific causes that will not affect his/her success in other endeavors. This explanatory style is associated with better performances (academic, athletic, or work productivity), greater satisfaction in interpersonal relationships, better coping, less vulnerability to depression, and better physical health. Lootus ja positiivne tulevikupilt - hope and positive futures - a learned style of goal- directed thinking in which the person utilizes both pathways thinking (the perceived capacity to find routes to desired goals) and agency thinking (the requisite motivations to use those routes. Õnneuuringud Õnne komponendid Martin Seligman: positiivsed emotsioonid + positiivsed teod Ruut Veerhoven, Erasmus University
For example, an optimistic person attributes his/her failures to external causes (the environment or other people), to variable causes which are not likely to happen again, and to specific causes that will not affect his/her success in other endeavors. This explanatory style is associated with better performances (academic, athletic, or work productivity), greater satisfaction in interpersonal relationships, better coping, less vulnerability to depression, and better physical health. • Lootus ja positiivne tulevikupilt - hope and positive futures - a learned style of goal-directed thinking in which the person utilizes both pathways thinking (the perceived capacity to find routes to desired goals) and agency thinking (the requisite motivations to use those routes. 15. Subjektiivne heaolu Subjektiivne heaolu Subjektiivne heaolu (subjective well-being) - Robert Putnam peab seda
OSS Open Source Software OT Object Technology OTA Operation-Triggered Architecture + Over The Air OTDR Optical Time Domain Reflectometer OTF Open Token Foundation OTI Object Technology International [IBM] OTP One-Time Programmable OUI Organizational Unique Identifier OURS Open Users Recommended Solutions .OUT Outlines (file name extension) OUTS Output String OV Overflow OVAL Object-Based Virtual Application Language [Psion] + Open Vulnerability Assessment Language [US-CERT] .OVL Program Overlay (file name extension) .OVR Program Overlay (file name extension) OWA Outlook Web Access [Microsoft] OWL Object/Open Windows Library [Borland] P... | TOP | UP to O | DN to Q | BOTTOM | P3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Project PAB Personal Address Book PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange PACE Priority Access Control Enabled [3Com] PACS Picture Archiving and Communication System
The Profiteers It is odd that despite their current widespread use and looming future importance, most of us know very little about our automatic behavior patterns. Perhaps that is so precisely because of the mechanistic, unthinking manner in which they occur. Whatever the reason, it is vital that we clearly recognize one of their properties. They make us terribly vulnerable to anyone who does know how they work. To understand fully the nature of our vulnerability, let us take another glance at the work of the ethologists. It turns out that these animal behaviorists with their recorded cheep-cheeps and their clumps of colored breast feathers are not the only ones who have discovered how to activate the behavior tapes of various species. One group of organisms, often termed mimics, copy the trigger features of other animals in an attempt to trick these animals into mistakenly playing the right be- havior tapes at the wrong times
heavy and unbearably sensitive. "You're wet for me," he murmured, his gaze sliding down my body to where he was parting me with his fingers. "You're beautiful here, too. Plush and pink. So soft. You didn't wax today, did you?" I shook my head. "Thank God. I don't think I would've made it ten minutes without touching you, let alone ten hours." He slid one finger carefully into me. My eyes closed against the unbearable vulnerability of being spread out naked and fingered by a man whose familiarity with the rules of Brazilian waxing betrayed an intimate knowledge of women. A man who was still fully clothed and kneeling on the floor beside me. "You're so snug." Gideon pulled out and thrust gently back into me. My back bowed as I clenched eagerly around him. "And so greedy. How long has it been since the last time you were fucked?" I swallowed hard. "I've been busy. My thesis, job-hunting, moving..."
of retribution. H e r job was to set things back into balance, usually by bringing about the destruction of the tragic hero. Every well-rounded hero has a trace of this tragic flaw, some weakness or fault that makes him thoroughly human and real. Perfect, flawless heroes aren't very interesting, and are hard to relate to. Even Superman has weak spots which humanize him and make h i m sympathetic: his vulnerability to Kryptonite, his inability to see through lead, and his secret identity which is always in danger of being exposed. W O U N D E D HEROES Sometimes a hero may seem to be well-adjusted and in control, but that control masks a deep psychic wound. M o s t of us have some old pain or hurt that we don't think about all the time, but which is always vulnerable on some level of awareness. These wounds of rejection, betrayal, or disappointment are personal echoes of a
forth is still regarded as the prerequisite for a higher cryptologic education. Riverbank Publication No. 22, written in 1920 when Friedman was 28, must be regarded as the most important single publication in cryptology. It took the science into a new world. Entitled The Index of Coincidence and Its Applications in Cryptography, it described the solution of two complicated cipher systems. Friedman, however, was less interested in proving their vulnerability than he was in using them as a vehicle for new methods of cryptanalysis. In it, Friedman devised two new techniques. One was brilliant. It permitted him to reconstruct a primary cipher alphabet without having to guess at a single plaintext letter. But the other was profound. For the first time in cryptology, Friedman treated a frequency distribution as an entity, as a curve whose several points were causally related, not as just
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