Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Tundra". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
tundra, plant, plants, grow, winter, there, animal, during, carbon, soil, animals, arctic, frost, summer, cold, year, place, birds, come, years, temperatures, precipitation, growing, nutrient, these, snow, insects, them, season, species, located, north, ground, mostly, allow, light, root, mammals, alpine, trees, lower, land, bears, deer, feed, through1. Key features for all studied biomes. Tundra The main seasons are winter and summer. The tundra is the world's coldest and driest biomes. The average annual temperature is -28° C. Nights can last for weeks when the sun barely rises during some months in the winter, and the temperature can drop to -70° C. During the summer the sun shines almost 24 hours a day. Summer are usually warm. Average summer temperatures range from 3° to 16°C. TaigaTaiga is the Russian word for forest and is the largest biome in the world. It stretches over Eurasia and North America. The taiga is located near the top of the world, just below the tundra biome. The winters in the taiga are very cold with only snowfall. The summers are warm, rainy, and humid.
2. Where is prairie, pampas, steppe, and veldt situated? EurasiaSteppe, North America-Prairie, South AmericaPampa, South AfricaVeldt 3. Using the climate diagram describe the climate of the region. Temperate deciduous forest -Well-defined seasons with a distinct winter characterize this forest biome. Moderate climate and a growing season of 140-200 days during 4-6 frost-free months distinguish temperate forests. Temperature varies from -15° C to 25° C. Precipitation (750-1500 mm) is distributed evenly throughout the year. Temperate grassland- Semiarid, continental climates of the middle latitudes typically have between 25 cm and 50 cm of precipitation a year. Much of this falls as snow, serving as reservoir of moisture for the beginning of the growing season. Warm to hot summers are experienced, depending on latitude
Oceans. The population of Canada is about 31 million people. About 77% of the people live in cities which lie in a band about 100 miles wide above the border of the United States. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Other large cities are Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Quebec. Canada has two official languages English and French. It's interesting to know that about 61% of Canadians name English and 24% French their mother tongue. There are also many other languages spoken in Canada such as: Italian, Chinese, German, Polish, Ukrainian, Greek and Dutch. There are also many native languages such as Algonquian. The British and the French as the main settlers from Europe fought for hundreds of years before they managed to build up a country which was based on recognizing the cultural diversity of different nations in Canada. All the communities living in the
8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. 3. Relief Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains. There are thousands of miles of coastline with beaches, fjords and wild rivers flowing to the oceans. Canada is a country of wide open spaces and beautiful landscape where traveling visitors can unexpectedly bump into wild animals like bears or be struck by unusual sight like the scarecrows on the Cabot Trail. Canada is rich in natural wonders, one of them, the Niagara Falls between lakes Erie and Ontario, which is the
Temperate deciduous forests, woodlands and shrub Tartu 2008 Location: Temperate forests are typical of all European continent, the Eastern region of Asia (in special, Chinese and Japan) and North America. Also are finded in tempered areas of South America. Climate: The average temperature in temperate forests is 50° F. Summers are mild, and average about 70° F, while winter temperatures are often well blow freezing. The average yearly precipitation is 30-60 inches. This precipitation falls throughout the year, but in the winter it falls as snow. There are four seasons in this biome, with warm summers and cold winters, often snowy. In autumn, the leaves change color and fall from the trees. The leaves decay on the forest floor, so the soil is very rich. Because of this, and because of the long growing season, many deciduous forests have been cut
5. The territories and provinces 6. Towns, economy, agriculture 7. Climate 8. Animals, plantlife 9. Population 10. Sports 11. Culture 12. History 13. Political system, symbols 14. Conclusion 15. Materials 1. Introduction If you had to use two words to describe Canada, they might be large and diverse. Canada is the second largest country in the world, bordered by three oceans, and across the country, Canadians experience many different landscapes from rolling plains and mountains to the cold tundra of the north. Despite Canada's great size, it is one of the world's most sparsely populated countries. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian national identity. 2. Geographical position Canada is the second largest country in the world after Russia. In the Arctic, Canada reaches almost as far north as Greenland. To the south it extends to the same latitude as southern France
These North American reindeer became known as caribou. Although they are called by different names, they are both considered to be a single species. Unlike deer, both the male and female have antlers. The antlers of the male are long, branched and massive, and they are a little flattened at the ends. The antlers of the female are much shorter, simpler and more slender and irregular. Their large, spreading hooves support the animal in snow in the winter and marshy tundra in the summer. Reindeer are also great swimmers and use their feet as paddles. They can also lower their metabolic rate and go into a semi-hibernation when conditions get very harsh. When it looks like there is nothing to eat on the winter tundra, reindeer will scrape the snow away with their wide feet or antlers and eat lichens, dried sedges and small shrubs. In the summer they the will eat leaves of willows, sedges, flowering plants, mushrooms.
Canada's area is about 10 million square kilometers and its population is 31 000 000. Its capital is Ottowa and other main cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Almost 75 % of canadians lives within 300 kilometer of the USA border, because the climate is softer in the South. 89 % of Canada is almost unhabited. Its official languages are English and French, but many other languages are spoken too. Like Italian, Chinese, German, Polish, Ukrainian, Dutch and Creek. There are also many native languages such as Algonquian. Most of the canadian's speak English (67 %), but French is very largely spoken too (26 % of the canadians). Canada is based on recognizing the cultural diversity of different nations living in Canada. All the communities living on the country are encouraged to remember their origins and hold their own ethnic events and national festivals. Cultural diversity makes Canada even more interesting.
from 20-25° C. The extreme maximum ranges from 43.5-49° C. Minimum temperatures sometimes drop to -18° C. Rainfall is usually very low and/or concentrated in short bursts between long rainless periods. In semiarid deserts summer temperatures usually average between 21-27° C. It normally does not go above 38° C and evening temperatures are cool, at around 10° C. The average rainfall ranges from 2-4 cm annually. In coastal deserts the average summer temperature ranges from 13-24° C; winter temperatures are 5° C or below. The maximum annual temperature is about 35° C and the minimum is about -4° C. In Chile, the temperature ranges from -2 to 5° C in July and 21-25° C in January. The average rainfall measures 8-13 cm in many areas. The maximum annual precipitation over a long period of years has been 37 cm with a minimum of 5 cm. In cold deserts the mean winter temperature is between -2 to 4° C and the mean summer temperature is between 21-26° C
Inuit Culture, Traditions, and History Traditional Inuit way of life was influenced by the harsh climate and stark landscapes of the Arctic tundra from beliefs inspired by stories of the aurora to practicalities like homes made of snow. Inuit invented tools, gear, and methods to help them survive in this environment. Read on to learn more about traditional Inuit ways of life, and how Inuit culture has been changed over the past century. Geography Inuit communities are found in the Arctic, in the Northwest Territories, Labrador and Quebec in Canada, above tree line in Alaska (where people are called the Inupiat and Yupik), and in Russia
Canada 8a Teacher: Merike Sisask Composer: Kärt Kalvet 2010 Canada, Kärt Kalvet 8a Canada General Information Canada is in North America. It's area is 9220970 sq km. Canada's population is 313.612.000 people. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Canada has constitutional monarchy. The head of state in Canada's government is the Queen of England. There are two main languages in Canada: English and French. Canada's curreny is Canadian dollar (1 dollar=100 cents[Can$]). The highest peak of Canada is Mount Logan, 5959 metres. The lowest point is sea level. The longest river is the Mackenzie. The climate and geography of Canada vary greatly from temperate in the south to arctic in the north and from islands and plains in the east to mountains in the west. Location Canada is located in the northern-most region of North America
Estonian University of Life Sciences Report on Soil Microflora By Katrin Vares Tartu 2013 Introduction The purpose of this report is to define soil microflora and establish the importance of it. Since the microorganisms clearly play an important role in preserving the balance of life, the next objective is to look into factors that influence this balance. Natural conditions and cultural impact could be considered as the variables that correlate the most with the activity and composition of microflora, hence some of the natural and cultural factors will be looked into a little more in detail.
......................................................................................27 SOLAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................27 8.1 Photovoltaic energy...................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Solar thermal heat.......................................................................................................29 8.3 Solar thermal power plants......................................................................................... 30 8.4 Solar energy and the environment..............................................................................30 WIND ENERGY.................................................................................................................31 9.1 The History of Wind ..................................................................................................31 9.2 How wind machines work...
Farther inland, fields of wheat and other grains cover Canada's vast prairies. Thes fertile farmlands contrast vividly with the Arctic wastelands to the north. Most of the largest towns and industrial areas lie near the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River in central Canada. In the east, fishing villages and sandy beaches dot the Atlantic coast. Across the country, Canadians experience many different landscapes from rolling plains and mountains to the cold tundra of the north. Geographically, Canada can be divided into five major regions : the Pacific Region, the Prairie Provinces, Central Canada, the Atlantic Provinces, and the North. The Pacific Region includes Canada's westernmost province, British Columbia. The region is known for its mild coastal climate, its forests, and its spectacular mountains, including the famous Rockies. The Rocky Mountains are the youngest and highest mountains in Canada. British
Acid Rain Acid rain is any precipitation that is unusually acidic. It possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions(it has low pH level). Acid rain is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which react with water molecules. Distilled water(doesn't contain CO 2), has pH level 7. Liquids with pH level less than 7 are acidic, liquids with pH level greater than 7 are alkaline. Unpolluted rain has a pH level over 5.7, so it is slightly acidic. Affected areas Places significantly impacted by acid rain around the globe include most of eastern Europe from Poland northward into Scandinavia, the eastern
belonged to the Vikings lacked lumber. In AD 1000 Leif Ericson became the first European to land in North America. The first colony was established what was described as Vinland by the Vikings. It was located on the northernmost tip of todays Newfoundland. There has also been a theory that the Vikings penetrated Hudson Bay and reached the Great Lakes region but recent investigations have cast serious doubt on it. The Greenland colony died out during the 15th century and the Viking adventures in Canada must have come to an end long before that time. The Colony of New France By 1600 French interest in Canada was renewed because of the beaver pelt trade and the fishing industry. First French colony was established in eastern Canada. Because of the French settlement the French established a claim to the Gulf of St. Lawrence area. An agreement was made between the King of France and a
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual(iga aastane) plant in the family Asteraceae, with a large flower head (inflorescence(õiekobar, õisik, õitseaeg, õidumine)). The stem(tüvi) of the flower can grow up to 3 metres tall, with the flower head reaching 30 cm in diameter. The term "sunflower" is also used to refer(nimetama, viitama, üle andma) to all plants of the genus(perekond, sugu) Helianthus, many of which are perennial(alaline, aastaringne) plants. What is usually called the flower is actually a head (formally(ametlikult) composite(liit-, komposiit- ; korvõieline, komposiit) flower) of numerous flowers (florets) crowded(täistuubitud, tunglev, rahvarohke) together. The outer flowers are the ray florets(pähik (õisiku osa) and can be yellow, maroon, orange, or other colors, and are sterile(steriilne, viljatu). The florets inside the circular head are called disc florets.
Black Bear, Gray Wolf, Canadian Lynx, a very large temperature range between River Otter and Red Fox. As for the birds, summer and winter. Winters last at least 5- most common are Bald Eagle, Long-Eared 6 months, with average temperatures Owl and Ravens. below freezing. Temperatures vary from -50 °C to 30 °C. The summers, while short, are generally warm and humid. Taiga is a biome characterized by coniferous forests
The Executive power in Australia is in the hands of the Commonwealth Government lead by the Prime Minister. Today the Prime Minister is John Howard, the leader of the Liberal Party. History Australia was once a part of the giant continent Gondwana. It included Africa, South America and Antarctica. First Australia and Antarctica split from Gondwana, then Australia broke away from Antarctica and began to move north. Aborigines arrived there about 50 000 years ago. They had occupied the whole continent by 30 000 years ago. At that time Tasmania was still part of the mainland. About 20 000 years ago the ice began to melt and the rising water level cut Tasmania off from the mainland. Traders from what is now Indonesia are thought to have been visiting Australia well before the 17th century. Chinese, Malaysian and Arab sea Captains may also have landed in Northern Australia after the 15 th century.
http://www.geo.ut.ee/kooligeo/loodus/rohtlad.htm Temperate Grassland Worksheet 1. Where is temperate grassland situates? Temperate grasslands are located in the mid-latitudes. There are six large areas of temperate grassland: the Pampas in South America, the Veld in Africa, the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand, the Murray-Darling Basin in Australia, the Prairies in North America and the Steppes in Central Asia. 2. Colour the distribution of temperate grassland on the map. 3. How is temperate grassland called in these regions? Eurasia - steppe Hungary - puzda North America - prarie South America - pampa South Africa - veldt 4
● Deep honking call and powerfull fliers ● Require large areas to live in ● Adult birds – feathers entirely white, black feet, mostly black bill ● Pens (females) – slightly smaller than cobs (males) ● Immatures – white mixed with some dull grey feathering; bills – black, large dirty-pink patch ● In Estonia first nesting - 1979 Whooper swan Behaviour of whooper swan ● Pair for life, cygnets stay with them all the winter ● Breffered breeding habitat – wetlands ● Both build the nest ● Male will stand guard over the nest while female incubates ● 4 to 7 eggs Influence of whooper swan ● Much admired in Europe ● National bird of Finland ● Protected species in Estonia Spread Bewick´s swan (väikeluik) ● Lenght 115 to 140 cm ● Adults – white all over ● Young birds – greyish with a pinkish bill ● Shorter neck, variable bill pattern
Its name means ,,Southland". The official name of the country is the Commonwealth of Australia. It's capital is Canberra. Australia is the sixth largest country in the world but the smallest continent. Australia has 6 states and 2 territories (New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, Western Australia , South Australia, The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). The Australian people are culturally the same as the Anglo Americans. There also live aborigines. Aborigines are the ancestors of the people. Like the US and Canada, Australia was an English speaking colony of Great Britain. Today Australia is a modern developed country with a diversified economy. Australia is an island continent of 7.7 million square kilometres, which makes it a little smaller than the USA. Located in south of Asia, between The Pacific and Indian Oceans, Australia is the World's driest continent
....................................................................................................5 Queen Victoria.............................................................................................................5 Relief............................................................................................................................6 Climate ........................................................................................................................7 Plants............................................................................................................................7 Animal life................................................................................................................... 7 Natural Resources........................................................................................................ 8 Economy..........................................................................................................
Australia Australia is a country and also a continent. If someone wants to make clear, that he is speaking of the country, he may call it by its full name of Commonwealth of Australia. Australia's name means "southland."It is south of the equator. Sometimes it is also called the island continent because it is an island. There are about twenty million people in Australia.It is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 600 miles of ocean separate it from Americas. Since Australia is south of the equator, its seasons are just the opposite of ours. It has summer while we have winter, and the other way round. States and Territories. Australia consists of six states, two territories and eight external territories.
..........................................................................................................3 Geographical Position.....................................................................................................3 Relief...............................................................................................................................4 Climate & Time Zones....................................................................................................5 Plants...............................................................................................................................5 Animals...........................................................................................................................6 Population.......................................................................................................................6 The Native Australians..............................................................................
Different types of forests and their forms of usage TARTU 2010 Forest A forest (also called a wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith) is an area with a high density of trees. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9.4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planet's climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Different types of forests Forests are divided into following main types: o Tropical forest o Subtropical forest o Plantations o Boreal forest o Temperate forest o Seasonal or monsoon forest Tropical and Subtropical Forests Tropical and subtropical forests, also known as rainforests or tropical rainforests, are lavish and ample forests with broad leave tree. They are mostly found at lowlands near the
is a great challenge because I have not done anything like this before, especially in English. Primary goal for me is to improve my knowledge about renewable energy and also usage of English language. This report is going to talk about biogas. It provides a brief review of usage and future prospects of the biogas. I have tried to make this report as understandable as possible. By the end of this report I want to come to a conclusion whether biogas is the best source of future energy or are there any other sources that are better. What is biogas? Typically it refers to the gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste. If opportunely refined it can be used for electricity production. Also for space-, water- or process heating. Unintentional production of biogases has been an ongoing issue in many regions of
................................8 Culture..........................................................................................................................9 Materials.................................................................................................................... 11 3 Introduction The United States of America is an enormous country. It is the third largest in the world after Russia and Canada. In the USA there are 50 states of which 48 lie together. The population of The USA is about 300 million people. The territory is about 10 million square kilometers. Its geography is very diverse ranging from moist rainforests to dry deserts and bald mountain peaks. There are two big mountain ranges, one of them is the Rocky Mountains and the other is The Appalachian Mountains. The Capital of The USA is Washington D.C. Other big and famous cities are New York, Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago and Las Vegas.
Normal rain water is slightly acidic and has a pH range of 5.3-6.0. Acid deposition is anything below that scale. It is also important to note that the pH scale is logarithmic and each whole number on the scale represents a 10-fold change. Causes and History of Acid Rain Acid deposition can occur via natural sources like volcanoes and rotting vegetation but it is mainly caused by the release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide during fossil fuel combustion. When these gases are discharged into the atmosphere they react with the water, oxygen, and other gases already present there to form sulfuric acid, ammonium nitrate, and nitric acid. These acids then disperse over large areas because of wind patterns and fall back to the ground as acid rain or other forms of precipitation. The gases responsible for acid deposition are normally a byproduct of electric power generation and the burning of coal
3. Relief Australia is the smallest continent in the world It is often called the island continent because is too big for an island but rather small for a continent. Australia is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 6,000 miles of ocean separate in from the America. Australia is the only continent except for Antarctica that lies all south of the equator. The natural zones of Australia are very various. There are deserts, semi deserts, grasslands, savannas, bushlands and rainforests. The wet forests occupy the narrow region in the east. Most of the animals, birds and insects live in that region, because there is enough food. The savannas which are grasslands with some trees are mostly in the west. Farther west are the bushlands. The real deserts occupy the centre of the Western Plateau. In the very south west there are thin forests of evergreens trees.
become increasingly aware of the problems that surround it. With a massive influx of natural disasters people need to be aware of what types of environmental problems our planet is facing. Current environmental problems make us vulnerable to disasters and tragedies, now and in the future. Unless we address the various issues seriously we are surely doomed for disaster. Current environmental problems require urgent attention. 1. Pollution: Pollution of air, water and soil require millions of years to recoup. Industry and motor vehicle exhaust are the number one pollutants. Heavy metals, nitrates and plastic are toxins responsible for pollution. While water pollution is caused by oil spill, acid rain, urban runoff; air pollution is caused by various gases and toxins released by industries and factories and burning of fossil fuels; soil pollution is majorly caused by industrial waste that deprives soil from essential nutrients.
1. What is a biome? A biome is a large area of distinctive plants and animals, which are adapted to that environment. The climate and geography determines which type of biome can exist there. 2. Using the map describe the distribution of the biome (tropical rainforest/tropical deciduous forest). Tropical rainforest South America, Africa (Madagaskar), Asia. Tropical deciduous forest South America, Asia, Australia 3. Compare the climates (tropical rainforest/tropical deciduous forest). Tropical rainforest is wetter than tropical deciduous forest. Both of these biomes have a warm climate all year long. Tropical deciduous forest has a well defined dry and a wet
TARTU VEERIKU KOOL New Guinea animals and plants Koostaja: Tauri-Viljar Vahesaar Juhendaja: Priit Pensa Tartu 2009 Table of content Introduction................................................................................................................................................3 The forests of New Guinea ..................................................................................
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