The flag of the United States is one of the nation's most widely recognized symbols. Within the U.S. it is frequently displayed, not only on public buildings, but on private residences. It is also used as a motif on decals for car windows, and clothing ornaments such as badges and lapel pins. Throughout the world it is used in public discourse to refer to the U.S., not only as a nation, state, government, and set of policies, but also as an ideology and set of ideals. The Statue of Liberty is a huge sculpture that is located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. This monument was a gift to the USA from the people of France in recognition of the French-American alliance during the American Revolution. The formal name of the statue is "Liberty Enlightening the World." It pictures a woman who has escaping the chains of tyranny. Liberty's right hand holds a torch that is a symbol of liberty. Liberty was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The hollow copper
The Great Wall UNESCO World Heritage Sites The Statue of Liberty Names: Kaspar- Eerik Maarand Ingmar Tamsalu Origin and history of The Great Wall Several walls were being built as early as the 7th century bc, the most famous wall was built during 220-206 bc King Zheng conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty. He ordered the building of new walls to connect the remaining fortifications along the empire's northern frontier. ●
2007 1. Introduction The United States of America's territory is over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.6 million km²) and population more than 300 million people. The capital city is Washington D.C. Although the United States has no official language at the federal level, English is the de facto national language. English is the most common language for daily interaction among both native and non-native speakers. Spanish is the second language. The largest city is the New York City. The Government is Federal constitutional republic and the president is George W. Bush. 2. Geographical position The United States of America is located on the continent of North America. It has borders with two countries Mexico and Canada. There are also the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico surrounding the big country. There are 50 states in America. Most of the people live in towns. The biggest state is Alaska; next by size are California, Alaska and Montana
after Russia and Canada. In the USA there are 50 states of which 48 lie together. The population of The USA is about 300 million people. The territory is about 10 million square kilometers. Its geography is very diverse ranging from moist rainforests to dry deserts and bald mountain peaks. There are two big mountain ranges, one of them is the Rocky Mountains and the other is The Appalachian Mountains. The Capital of The USA is Washington D.C. Other big and famous cities are New York, Los Angeles, Houston, Chicago and Las Vegas. The national anthem of the United States is "The Star-Spangled Banner", with lyrics written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key. There are 6 time zones. From east to west they are: Eastern Standard Time, which is 5 hours behind Greenwich Time, Central Standard Time, Mountain Standard Time, which is 7 hours behind Greenwich Time, Pacific Standard Time. Alaska and Hawaii have their own time zones: Alaska Standard Time and Hawaii Standard Time.
Other Native Americans lived in small villages, where they had farms. There are about two million Native Americans in the territory of the United States. They used to be called Indians because, when Christopher Columbus arrived in America, he thought he had reached India. The United States is made up of 50 States. Capital cities in America are less important than in Europe. They are created to serve limited political functions, not to be the center of social life. New York is the biggest city in America, with seven million people . About 40% of the population is foreign-born. Although it's not the capital it has always been the cultural centre of the whole country. New York is also famous for its skyscrapers. The heart of New York is Manhattan Island. The Statue of Liberty stands in the harbor of New York. A gift from France, she is a strong woman and holds up the torch of freedom. Washington, DC is the capital of the USA. It's designed by a French architect.
As the midpoint between these twin cities, Charing Cross is to this day considered the heart of London, from which all distances are measured. In the 1820s the Prince Regent engaged the landscape architect John Nash to redevelop the area. Nash cleared the square as part of his Charing Cross Improvement Scheme. The present architecture of the square is due to Sir Charles Barry and was completed in 1845. Trafalgar Square is owned by the Queen in Right of the Crown, and managed by the Greater London Authority.[1] Trafalgar Square ranks as the fourth most popular tourist attraction on Earth with more than 15 million visitors a year. Overview The square consists of a large central area surrounded by roadways on three sides, and stairs leading to the National Gallery on the other. The roads which cross the square form part of the A4 road, and prior to 2003, the square was surrounded by a one-way traffic system.
world over. Since its opening by Queen Victoria in 1871, the world's leading artists from every kind of performance genre have appeared on its stage. Each year it hosts more than 350 performances including classical concerts, rock and pop, ballet and opera, tennis, award ceremonies, school and community events, charity performances and lavish banquets. · Statue of Boudicca - this massive bronze statue of the legendary Queen Boudicca in her chariot looks as if it's about to take the City of London. The statue was made by the English artist Thomas Thornycroft from 1856 until 1885, but it wasn't erected in its current position near Westminster Bridge until 1902
Supervisor: Mare Kallas Tallinn 2009 Introduction Name: The United States of America Area: ~10 mln km2 Population: ~300 mln people Symbols: The American Flag- consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white and represent the Thirteen Colonies. The 50 small, white stars represent the 50 U.S. states. The U.S. flag is commonly called ,,the Stars and Stripes". The Statue of Liberty, that is locatd in New York,is a gift from the France. The Libety Bell, that is a bronze bell that symbolizes freedom in the United States of America. It is located in Pennsylvania,U.S. Capital: Washington D.C Biggest city: New York National language: English Location U.S is located in North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. United States neighbour countries are Canada and Mexico. The USA has the 8th longest coastline in the world at ~20 000 km
A State is free to conduct, as internal affairs by its own decisions, as long as it does not interfere with other States and stays within the limits set in the United States Constitution. Each State has a capital city for its State government (often it is not the biggest in the State). Capital cities in America are less important then in Europe. They are created to serve limited political functions, not to be the center of social life. New York City. It is the biggest city in America, with 7 million people. Although it is not the capital it has always been the cultural center of the whole country. America's largest publishing houses and TV networks have their headquarters in New York. Maddison Avenue is the advertising center and Fifth Avenue is the fashion center of America. Broadway is where theater plays are tried out and made a success or faliure. The New York Stock
union. Early in the country's history, three states were created out of the territory of existing ones: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. West Virginia broke away from Virginia during the American Civil War. The most recent state--Hawaii--achieved statehood on August 21, 1959. The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the states do not have the right to secede from the union. New York City is the biggest city in America, with 7 million people. About the 40% is foreign-born. Although its not the capital it has always been the cultural centre of the whole country. The Statue of Liberty stands in the harbour of New York. A gift from France, she is a strong woman and holds up the torch of freedom. Washington, DC is the capital of the USA. Designed by a French architect, its streets are laid out in a classical geometric pattern. "DC" stands for
Fortunately, Elisabeth was released from the Tower and later became Queen. Elisabeth's father, Henry VII, made the Tower the feared destination of his enemies. Sir Thomas More was beheaded there in 1535 and the King's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was beheaded on Tower Green in 1536. Six years later Catherine Howard, Henry VIII's fifth wife, suffered the same fate. The Gunpowder plot conspirators were interrogated in the Tower before being executed. The Tower is famous as home of the Crown Jewels. Today they can be viewed in their special jewel house ( built in 1967) from a moving pavement. They include the Crown of Queen Elisabeth the Queen Mother which contains the celebrated Indian diamond, the Koh-I- noor and St .Edward's Crown which is used for actual crowning of the monarch and weighs over two kilograms. The Imperial State Crown was made for Queen Victoria and first used at her coronation in 1838. It is possibly the most valuable crown in the world, containing
Most of the people live in towns. There are 50 states in America. The biggest of the state is Texas, next by size are California, Alaska and Montana. Six states - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut ,Rhode Island and Massachusetts are called New England. They are all small states in the U.S. that lie in the north-east. The first colony of immigrants settled down in Virginia, in the eastern part of the U.S.A. The biggest cities are New York, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc. The flag of America was adopted on 14 th June 1777. It is called the "Stars and Stripes". It is said that Betsy Ross sewed the first flag. It features 13 horizontal red and white stripes (for the first colonies which formed the U.S.A.) and 50 stars on the blue background. Red means courage, blue justice and white innocence. There is a star for every state of the USA.
1666 - The Great Fire 1750 - Westminster Bridge opened, 2nd bridge over the Thames 1830s - Industrial Revolution 1834 - The old Houses of Parliament burned down 1836 - 1st steam train 1851 - The Great Exhibition 1863 - The Tube was opened 1914-1918 - WWI 1939-1945 - WWII 1972-1982 - The Thames Barrier was built 2000 - The Millennium bridge, London Eye, the Millennium Dome 2012-the Olympic Games Royal London Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. It is located in the City of Westminster. The palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality. The building was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703. Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837. When the Queen is at home, you can see her royal flag flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace. This flag is called the Royal Standard. Five regiments of Foot Guards guard the Palace. They wear red jackets and tall, furry hats called bearskins
Sculptures and monuments St. John's Lutheran Church St John's Church was probably built in the first third of the 14th century. There is no other brick church decorated with so much terracotta plastic in Europe Eduard Tubin Monument The Eduard Tubin monument, marking the 100th birthday of the composer, was dedicated in 2005. The authors of the statue are sculptor Aili Vahtrapuu, architect Veronika Valk, with sound installations by Louis Dandrel.Eduard Tubin (1905-1982) was a versatile composer and conductor, one of the most recognized symphonists throughout history. He served as concert master and conductor at the Vanemuise Theatre. In 1944, when the theatre was destroyed, he left Estonia to Sweden. Monument to Gustav II Adolf In 1632, King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden, then at the war camp near Nürnburg, signed the
The Dutchmen took over. New Jersey- Swedish settlers buy land. England gains control over it. Pennsylvania- 1731: Benjamin Franklin -the first library in the colonies. New York- (before it was new Amsterdam) the dutch, the english. · Life in Middle Colonies- Farmers lived in very small houses outside the town. Wheat, barley, rye, fruits, Clocks, watches, guns, locks, cloth, and hats Benjamin Franklin- Fire department, library, freedom of the press No college for woman and African-Americans · Southern Colonies Maryland- religious freedom North and South Carolina- arguments between the two groups Georgia- last of the 13 colonies, Place to get rid of the people in England the King did not like/want, prisoners · Life in southern colonies- Large plantations- tobacco, rice, cotton Cheap labour Slaves Primary seaports in Charleston and South Carolina · Westward expansion
There was no such thing as a Norman area of settlement. Instead, the Norman soldiers who had invaded were given the ownership of land and of the people living on it. A strict feudal system was imposed. 12. Magna Carta. In 1215 King John was forced to sign the document, drawn up by the noblemen of England. It limited his power and extended the rights of his subjects. The Magna Carta is a well-known charter of personal and political liberty. Later, especially in the 17th century, the document was seen as a statement of basic civil rights. Four copies have survived. 13. The Wars of the Roses. During the 15th century, the power of the greatest nobles, who had their own private armies, meant that constant challenges to the position of the monarch were possible. These power struggles came to a head in the Wars of the Roses, in which the nobles
parks and old buildings and museums. London is also considered to be one of the most important culture centre with its museums and libraries. There are many places to go in London. Buchingham palace is the official London residence of the the Queen and the royal family. During the summer Queen usually stays at her other residence the Winsor Castle Another Symbol of London is the Trafalgar square, which was named after Nelson's vicotry over Napoleon at Trafalgar. The statue on top is about 5m high and shows Nelson without on arm and eye. Near the Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery, where you can see paintings from Rubens to Van Gogh. Big Ben and the houses of parliament are known to everyone. The building stands on the north bank of the river and is most known symbol of UK. The tower of london is a fortress built by William the Conqueror. It is guarded by Beefeaters and the ravens
New Year's Eve is a time for merriment. At midnight bells ring, horns blow, and friends exchange kisses. Everyone stays up late to celebrate the arrival of another January. Most Americans spend final hours of the old and first hours of the New Year dining and drinking with friends. One popular New Year's Eve drink is eggnog, yellow mixture, Made with eggs, milk or cream, and sugar. One of the nosiest and most crowded of New Year's Eve celebrations takes place in Times Square, New York City. Many people travel from one party to another to celebrate with several different groups of friends. Following a long exciting New Year's Eve Americans spend a quiet New Year's Day. One famous New Year's Day festival is the Mummer's Parade. It takes place in Philadelphia. It is a ten hour spectacle. The mummer's parade is colourful and high-spirited. Men dress in splendid costumes. The tournament of roses takes place in Pasadena, California. All these events help to make the New Year's
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders.
Most of the people live in towns. There are 50 states in America. The biggest of the state is Texas, next by size are California, Alaska and Montana. Six states - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut ,Rhode Island and Massachusetts are called New England. They are all small states in the U.S. that lie in the north-east. The first colony of immigrants settled down in Virginia, in the eastern part of the U.S.A. The biggest cities are New York, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Francisco, etc. The official language of the USA is English; Spanish is also widely spoken. The currency of the USA is the United States Dollar. Lakes and rivers The Mississippi is the major river of North America and the United States. It flows from north-western Minnesota south to the Gulf of Mexico.The western tributaries are the Red River, the Arkansas and the Missouri. The eastern tributaries are the
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America.
Big raid in Kent 835. three decades of yearly attacks, arrival of a full-scaled army Reasons_ Growth of population in Vikings home landin many european countries from 850´s onwards In Ireland, ScotlandWales and Cornwall- mainly Norwegian, in English, Frankish lands- Danish 9th C invaded England, conquered all nothern, Feudalism, manor system Feudalism- social system of rights and dutie based on land tenure and personal relationship The basis- holding land, Main purpose- economy King was the owner of the whole land, land was held by vassals, greater nobles gave part of their land to smaller, system developed mailny in 9th C, loyal dynasties became independent and started to build up small territorial states Manor system- political, economical, social system, peasants depended on their land and lord The head of the society was the lord of the manor, part of his land was rent out or by military
Gladys Pearl (Monroe) Baker.[12] Her family is believed to have been Anglo-Spanish originally; and possibly related to the Sepulvedas. [13] For many years it was believed Gladys' second husband Martin Edward Mortenson (18971981) was Monroe's father. His name was listed on her birth certificate. [14] Foster homes Mentally unstable and unable to care for Monroe, Gladys placed her with foster parents Albert and Ida Bolender of Hawthorne, California, where she lived until she was seven.[15] In her autobiography My Story, Monroe states she believed Albert was a woman. One day, Gladys announced she bought a house. A few months after they had moved in, Gladys suffered a breakdown. In My Story, Monroe recalls her mother "screaming and laughing" as she was forcibly removed to the State Hospital in Norwalk. According to My Sister Marilyn, Gladys's brother, Marion, hung himself upon his release from an asylum, and Della's father did the same in a fit of depression.
It consists of two elected parts the Mayor of London and the London Assembly, who can accept or reject the Mayor's decisions and his budget proposals each year. The 33 local authorities are the 32 London boroughs and the City of London. They are responsible for local services not overseen by the GLA, such as local planning, schools, social services, local roads and refuse collection. London is home of the Government of the United Kingdom which is located around the Houses of Parliament in Westminster. Many government departments are located close to Parliament, particularly alond Whitehall, including the Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street. 4. The City The City of London is a geographically-small city within Greater London. It is the core of London from which, along with Westminster, the modern city grew. The City's boundaries have remained constant since the Middle Ages, and hence it is now only a tiny part of the
*-tor - person, doer, masculine form. The suffix is attached to the stem: victor (`winner', from the verb vincere `to win'), spectator (spectare). *-orium - place, where the activity marked with the verb occurs: dormitorium (dormire `to sleep'). In English the suffix is -ory: dormitory. *tas - it denotes an abstract notion, derives from the adjective: celebritas (celeber), libertas (liber), universitas (universus). In English the suffix is -ty: celebrity, liberty, university. *-tudo - characteristic or condition, derives from the adjective: longitudo (longus), fortitudo (fortis). In English -tude: longitude, fortitude. 5. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England". The Saxons were a confederation of Old Germanic tribes
INTRODUCTION The Czech Republic lies at the heart of Central Europe and at its center is the beautiful and historic city of Prague. With a population of some 1.3 million residents, the city lies on either side of the Vltava River in the middle of Bohemia that is one of the three historic Czech territories; the others being Moravia and Silesia. The city has seven "Chapter Divisions" or districts. 3 I read one girl blog and she described Prague so beautifuly. She talked about her adventures. When i was reading that it seemed so real, that i was there to. The city's charms can occasionally be obscured by too many tourists, congested traffic and tacky commercialism. Packed in among thousands of other visitors, trying like
Musical shows, dances and contests of strength and skill will be held all over town. This festival is held in August and it is said that Haapsalu, Estonia's most famous ghost, appears during this festival Black nights film festival http://www.tourism.tallinn.ee/fpage/events/newwinprint/ Beerfestival ( Õllesummer) The beer festival "Õllesummer" is one of the largest festivals in the region--bringing together 80,000 people each year. Õllesummer is located in the Tallinn Song Festival grounds which is located 15 minutes walking time from the center of the city. The program includes Estonian bands and international acts as well featuring over a 100 concerts on more than 10 stages. Õllesummer is a friendly, safe and joyful event that attracts many tourists and visitors of Tallinn. Next Õllesummer festival will take place between 8-12 July 2009 in Tallinn Song Festival
present-day US? *The first immigrants from Estonia in the US = 1627 no trace of the "Estonians and Livonians" who left their homeland to settle at the mouth of the Delaware River (a Swedish colony) · 1654 at least one Estonian in the settlement of New Sweden on the Delaware River Johan Schalbrick, a drummer from Tallinn (Reval) · New Sweden Swedish colony on the Delaware River from 16381655 · 1657 Martinus Hoffman, born in Tallinn (Reval), came to New York (New Amsterdam), started to work as a saddlemaker. · His great-granddaughter Cornelia Hoffmann (b. 1734) married Isaac Roosevelt, which makes her the great-great-grandmother of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the US from 193345. · Hans Rebane = 1897 founded the first Estonian-language newspaper in the US Eesti Ameerika Postimees (published in NY until 1911) · 1898 founded an Estonian Lutheran congregation in NY (still exists today) 2
Palace, and a valuable collection of the 16th 20th c. art from Western Europe, Russia and China, donated to the museum by Johannes Mikkel, at Mikkel Museum at Kadriorg Art Museum; · Art of Adamson-Eric (19021968), one of the most outstanding Estonian painters of the 20th century, at Adamson-Eric Museum; · national romanticism of an Estonian artist of the first generation, Kristjan Raud (1865 1943), at Kristjan Raud House Museum located in Nõmme, in the premises of the final home of the artist. Kadriorg Art Museum The Kadriorg palace and park were founded by the Russian czar Peter I. According to the designs of the architect Niccolo Michetti, invited from Rome, the palace was built after the Italian villas, consisting of a main building and of two annexes. The well-preserved great hall is one of the best examples of Baroque architecture not only in Estonia but also in the whole Northern Europe
important roles in the life of Tallinn. The coat of arms of the Burcharts can be seen on the wall of the entrance-hall. Liberty Square Liberty Square was originally a Hay and Wood Market of Tallinn. The market was liquidated at the end of the 19th century. In order to celebrate the 200th anniversary of the Russian power the place got a new name Peter´s Square. A monument to Peter the Great was set up in the middle of the square. In 1923 the square was renamed Liberty Square. During the Soviet period it was called Victory Square. Parks The largest and probably the most beautiful park of Tallinn is Kadriorg. The park and palace were designed in Baroque style by the Italian architect Niccolo Michetti and built in the 1720s on the order of Peter the Great. In 1857 Tallinn was not a fort any more and the 17 th and 18th century fortifications were given to the municipality to lay out parks and public gardens. The Ingrian Bastion was
CANADA REVISION QUESTIONS 2010 1. The main physiographic regions of Canada. Canada may be divided into seven physiographic regions: Arctic Lowlands, Cordilleran Region, Interior Plains, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canadian Shield (Forest Lands), St Lawrence Lowlands and Appalachian Region. Divisions are based on each area's relatively similar physical geography and landforms. Physiographic regionalization is defined here as the process by which regions with relatively homogeneous physical geography are determined 2. Who are the native people of Canada
Other large and important rivers are the St. Lawrence River, the Yukon River, the Columbia River, the Nelson River, the Churchill River and the Fraser River. The Saint Lawrence River is a large westtoeast flowing river in the middle latitudes of North America, connectiong the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. Saint Lawrence River forms a boundary between Québec and Ontario and part of the international boundary between Canada and the U.S. state of New York. Lake Champlain and the Ottawa, Richelieu and Saguenay rivers drain into the St. Lawrence. 5. Climate Northern Canadian vegetation tapers from coniferous forests to tundra and finally to Arctic barrens in the far north. The northern Canadian mainland is ringed with a vast archipelago containing some of the world's largest islands. Average winter and summer high temperatures across the country vary depending on the location. Winters can be harsh in
metal truss bridge to a less travelled road when it can no longer handle the traffic; the same probably holds true for other countries. This is within the functional tradition of some bridge types and should not be viewed as a negative factor in determining the integrity of a relocated structure. The definition of authenticity is in the process of being expanded to include intangible values such as a bridge that embodies the spirit or character of a people or place, as New York City is embodied in the Brooklyn Bridge, San Francisco in the Golden Gate, London in Tower Bridge, Sydney (Australia) in the Harbour Bridge, or Bosnia-Herzegovina in the recently destroyed Stari Most in Mostar. Bridges nominated for World Heritage listing also must have legal protection and management mechanisms to ensure their conservation. The existence of protective legislation at the national, provincial, or municipal level is therefore essential and must be clearly stated in the nomination
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