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Lisbon. Leaders: President of the Commission José Manuel Barroso and President of the European Council Herman Van Rompuy. EU law The European Union is based on the rule of law. This means that every action taken by the EU is founded on treaties that have been approved voluntarily and democratically by all EU member countries. A treaty is a binding agreement between EU member countries. It sets out EU objectives, rules for EU institutions, how decisions are made and the relationship between the EU and its member countries. European Union law is applied by the courts of member states and where the laws of member states provide for lesser rights European Union law can be enforced by the courts of member states. European Union institutions The European Union is governed by seven(7) institutions. Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union lists them in the following order: 1) the European Parliament
But just where that line is drawn, of course, is a matter for debate. • Council of Europe (1949) – Inter-governmental regional organization to achieve a ‘greater unity between its Members by discussion … and agreements’ (Eur. Conv. Of Hum. Rights) • ECSC (1951) – Strong potential for cooperation, ‘above states’ organization, shared sovereignity (only six member states); revolutionary institutions – not IO. European Defence Community (EDC) – A plan to create a common European military as a means of binding Germany to European integration after WWII. The creation of the EEC • Treaties of Rome (EEC / EURATOM) – Signed in March 1957; Ratified in January 1958. Four goals: - Single market within 12 years (with 3½ freedoms goods, capitals, services, people) - Elimination of custom duties & common external tarifs
EL eksam European Institutions Council of the European Union – Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu (ministrid) - Legislative ja budgetary - Peab läbirääkimisi õigusaktide üle ja võtab need vastu (väga oluline otsustaja) otsustajaks vaja majorityt - Koordineerib liikmesriikide poliitikaid (majandus, haridus, kultuur, tööhõive jne) - Arendab EL ühist välis- ja julgeolekupoliitikat - Sõlmib rahvusvahelisi lepinguid (annab komisjonile volitused pidada EL nimel läbirääkimisi)
TALLINN UNIVERSITY The Law School Law The European Union Law The EU institutions Lecturer: Matti Kauppi Student: Viktoria Gratšjova Tallinn, 2014 The institutions of the European Union form a complex and unique polity and, in determining whether or not this structure and the law making powers granted to each respective institution are inherently undemocratic, it is vital to define what is meant by the term ‘democratic’. In his Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln referred to a government which was ‘of the people, by the people, for the people’and it is by this criterion that democracy is often judged. These
Kolga-Jaani Basic school European Union Roosmary Suigusaar Form 9 Kolga-Jaani 2010 Site map What does European Union?...........................................................3 The main aurthorities....................................................................4 Information...............................................................................5 What does European Union? European integratsion process began in 1951, when concluded European Coal and Steel Community founding agreement between Belgium, Netherland, Luxenbourg, Italy, France and West Germany. It was to prevent armed conflicts between the Member States. EU is economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Ne
The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union where are 27 member states drom European continent. The EU operates through a system of independent institutions and decisions are made by the member countries. EUs population is of over 500 million inhabitants which is 7.3% of the world population, there are 23 different languages and for now 17 countries are using EUs common currency Euro. EU was founded after World War II, when Europe was struggeling in social and political devastations. In 1948 a congress in Hague was held to discuss ideas about the development of European political co-operation
It was established in 1993 by the Treaty of Maastricht, adding new areas of policy to the existing European Community. Fifteen member states have adopted a common currency, the euro. It has developed a role in foreign policy, representing its members in the World Trade Organization. Twenty-one EU countries are members of NATO. It has developed a role in justice and home affairs, including the abolition of passport control between many member states under the Schengen Agreement. Important institutions and bodies of the EU include the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the European Court of Justice and the European Central Bank. EU citizens elect the Parliament every five years. In 1973 the European Communities enlarged to include Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom. Norway had negotiated to join at the same time but a referendum rejected membership and so it remained outside.
They vary greatly in the kind of courses they teach and in the way they organise their work, but they are all self-governing and independent and award degrees. An institution is granted university status by a royal charter granted by the Privy Council. Read Privy Council: Guide to its origins, powers and members on the BBC website to find out what the Privy Council is, what it does and who can be its member. 165 higher education institutions including universities, university colleges, specialist higher education institutions and other higher education colleges UCAS The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) is a UK-based organisation whose main role is to operate the application process for British universities. It operates as an independent charity, funded by fees charged to applicants and to universities, plus advertising income, and was formed in 1992 through the merger of the former university
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