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By tradition, the latter informs the Sovereign, who is head of state, about important affairs of state and government business, and asks the sovereign for his or her opinion. With over 60 years of experience, the current Queen Elizabeth II has acquired great experience in managing affairs of state, and an unparalleled experience of international relations, and now acts as an experienced adviser, well liked by her Prime Ministers, of all political persuasions . The House of Lords This is the "Upper House" of the British Parliament . It consists of about 750 members (a variable number ) most of whom are Life Peers (i.e. not hereditary lords), or people who have been ennobled for services rendered to the nation. These Life Peers are mostly former members of the House of Commons, or former senior officials, judges, or former business leaders or trade union leaders: each government and opposition party has the right, each year, to propose new Life peers .
Describe the British Parliament Works in a large building called the Palace of Westminster aka The Houses of Parliament. There are offices, committee rooms, restaurants, bars, libraries and even some places of residence. Two large rooms: The House of Lords meet in one and the House of Commons in the other. The British Parliament is divided into two houses, but the House of Commons is obviously more important and only they are considered to be the MPs. In the House of Commons there are just two rows of benches facing each other. On the left sit the members of the governing party and on the right sit the opposition. The Speaker sits between them and controls the action. The arrangement of the benches encourages confrontation between the government and the opposition. There is no place for somebody who isn't neither in the opposition nor in the government side. Usually peeps like this sit in the opposition furthest from the Speaker. || There are no tables for the MPs
fundamental continuity. Britain has not had a revolution of the kind experienced by so many other countries and Britain has not been invaded or occupied for almost 1,000 years. Westminster model The Palace of Westminster, also known as the Houses of Parliament, home to the UK Parliament = British Parliament = Westminster Parliament. Three constituent parts • The Queen-in-Parliament (or King-in-Parliament) – The House of Commons – The House of Lords – The Monarch • The evolution of the Westminster model of Parliament – transfer of authority from the Crown to Parliament – transfer of authority from the House of Lords to the House of Commons – the development of a system of responsible government – the gradual broadening of the right to vote into universal adult suffrage. Uncodified constitution is a type of constitution where the fundamental rules often take the
developing legal system of England. The proper name for the Magna Carta is the Magna Carta Libertatum, the Great Charter of Freedoms. By establishing Magna Carta the King was not above the law. 14. 100 year war - a series of separate wars lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne, which was vacant with the extinction of the senior Capetian line of French kings. The two primary contenders were the House of Valois and the House of Plantagenet, also known as the House of Anjou. The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets from England claimed to be Kings of France and England. Plantagenet Kings were the 12th century rulers of the Kingdom of England, and had their roots in the French regions of Anjou and Normandy. The Hundred Years' War was, in many respects, a "civil war" as French soldiers fought on both sides, with Burgundy and Aquitaine providing notable support for the Plantagenet side.
The leader of the winning party becomes Prime Minister. As leaders of their political parties and leaders of the country, Prime Ministers are powerful and important people. They are powerful because they have the majority support in Parliamenr and th ey can choose their own ministers and government.The PM chooses a committee of minister s called the Cabinet. This is made up of a selection of senior MPs from the House of Commons and some members of the House of Lords. Each member of the Cabinet is a minister responsible for a government department: for example, the Secretary of State for Education and Science is responsible for all the schools, universities and teachers in Britain. The Cabinet of ministers runs the country. The Cabinet meets at the Prime Minister's house - la Downing Street. The Cabinet works as a team and all ministers must accept the decisions of the 'group'. The team of ministers must
Later, especially in the 17th century, the document was seen as a statement of basic civil rights. Four copies have survived. 13. The Wars of the Roses. During the 15th century, the power of the greatest nobles, who had their own private armies, meant that constant challenges to the position of the monarch were possible. These power struggles came to a head in the Wars of the Roses, in which the nobles were divided into two groups, one supporting the house of Lancaster, whose symbol was a red rose, the other the House of York, whose symbol was a white rose. Three decades of almost continual war ended in 1485, when Henry Tudor (Lancastrian) defeated and killed Richard III (Yorkist) at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Henry Tudor was later crowned King Henry VII of England. 14. Henry VIII. 1491-1547. He is famous for his six wives and his ambitions. He was a natural
(William the Conqueror). 1215 the Magna Carta: king John was forced to sign a document which limited his power. 1337 the Hundred Years' War with France. The English kings tried to maintain control of the land they owned in France. The French won the war. 1348 the Black Death was a terrible illness (probably plague) which killed a large number of people. 1455-1485 the Wars of the Roses were fought between the House of York and the House of Lancaster. Richard III was defeated by Henry Tudor of the House of York. The latter was crowned King Henry VII of England. 3 The House of Tudors (1485-1603): This period was lively characterised by new learning, trade and expansion, sea exploration and naval victories. It culminated with the sinking of the Spanish Armada. The most powerful Tudor monarchs were Henry VII (he had 6 wives and great ambitions, he broke away from the Roman
can do whatever it wishes). Since the age of absolute monarchy there has been a gradual decline in the Sovereign's power and, while formally still the head of the executive and the judiciary, commander-in-chief of all the armed forces, and temporal governor of the Church of England, nowadays monarchs reign but they do not rule. Parliament is the supreme legislative authority. There is usually a one-party government. It consists of three separate elements: the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the elected House of Commons. After passing through the House of Commons, all bills are debated in the House of Lords, and after that, signed by the Queen. As a result the bills then become laws. There are 650 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons. Leaders of the Government and the Opposition sit in the front row and their supporters sit behind them. The House is presided over by the Speaker. He/she is elected by the MPs.
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