Guy painted city life, Birch painted the seascape. The "Peale formula" was adhered to: objects along tableware against a dark background. Also, trompe-l'oeil persisted via Charles Willson's Peale's sons. Artists: Ralph Earl, Francis Guy, Thomas Birch, James Peale, Raphaelle Peale. Mid-C19 Landscape. In C19, landscape painting became dominant and provided many unexplored subjects. The tradition of landscape art emerged in the 1820s through the work of the so-called Hudson River School. The school of "luminism" is also distinguished, it is interested in the phenomenon of light. Exemplary artists. Thomas Cole (early-C19). He painted more in the Romantic mold than his contemporaries. He was inspired by the valleys of Catskill Mountains. He depicted lonely wilderness and apocalyptic visions. Albert Bierstadt (late-C19). He painted the last frontier, the heroic landscape of the country. He compiled a
Guy painted city life, Birch painted the seascape. The "Peale formula" was adhered to: objects along tableware against a dark background. Also, trompe-l'oeil persisted via Charles Willson's Peale's sons. Artists: Ralph Earl, Francis Guy, Thomas Birch, James Peale, Raphaelle Peale. Mid-C19 Landscape. In C19, landscape painting became dominant and provided many unexplored subjects. The tradition of landscape art emerged in the 1820s through the work of the so-called Hudson River School. The school of "luminism" is also distinguished, it is interested in the phenomenon of light. Exemplary artists. Thomas Cole (early-C19). He painted more in the Romantic mold than his contemporaries. He was inspired by the valleys of Catskill Mountains. He depicted lonely wilderness and apocalyptic visions. Albert Bierstadt (late-C19). He painted the last frontier, the heroic landscape of the country. He compiled a
Pablo Picasso He was born in Malaga, Spain on 25 october, 1881. He showed his genius when he was very young. His first world was lapiz (Spanish for pencil) , he could draw before he talked. He was the only son in the family, so he was completely spoiled. His one great love was art.His father became an art teacher. Pablo sometimes watched father paint. Sometimes he was permitted to help. On one occasion the father found his son painting over his unfinished sketch of a pigeon. His genius as an artist was recognized by many peaople, but others were shocked by his strange and powerful paintings. He is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work.. One of his most famous portraits was of the American writer Gertrude Stein. His work changed ideas about art around the world
(Friedlaender, 1952, p.17) The message of the Horatii was very much favored by the Academy for its heroic and instructive story. However, controversially David saw Horatii as a protest against the bureaucratic institution of the Academy. (Roberts, 1989, p.18) Roberts (1989) comments on the attentions of Jacques-Louis David: "Yet the Horatii has long been regarded as subversive, or to use the term that has gained recent currency, it is seen in some quarters as prerevolutionary. To see the work as prerevolutionary is different than seeing it as "fully republican" as critics once did. L.D. Ettlinger repudiated that idea in 1967, when he explained that David was neither political nor republican when he painted the Horatii."(Roberts, 1989, p.18) Moreover, in 1978 Thomas crow, an American art historian, published an article which revived the historical dispute about David's intentions with his Horatii. Crow claimed that
The Renaissance Between 14th and 16th century in Europe From French word rebirth It was an age of growth in Europe. New, powerful city states emerged. A new middle class had more and more money to spend. Great artists, writers and thinkers lived during this time. During the Middle Ages many people who lived in the countryside worked on the land that they got from the noblemen. In return, they were protected by them Between the middle and the end of the 14th century, the plague, also called "Black Death" killed almost half of Europe's population. It spread most rapidly in the larger cities where many people lived. This led to economic depression. When the plague slowly decreased in the 15th century, the population in Europe began to grow. A new middle class emerged --bankers, merchants and trades people had a new market for their services. People became wealthier and had more than enough money to spend. They began to build larger houses, buy more expensive cloth
Because of the fact that they were all students they were also very young- the oldest one, Hunt, was 21. They were soon joined by William Rossetti(critic), James Collison(painter), Frederic Stephens (critic), Thomas Woolner(sculptor). The three youthful Pre-Raphaelites deliberately challenged the established view of art, drawing up a manifesto of their intentions and publishing them in the four issues of a periodical called "The Germ". They would paint direct from nature, with objective truthfulness and genuine ideas in sympathy with what was direct and heartfelt in the art of the past. The brotherhoods techniques came from the early Flemish art- especially Van Eyck. To imitate the work of great Italian artists the PRB-s studied the colours in nature. To have the effect of glowing colours they invented a new method called "wet white". It was very difficult and wasn't used a lot (except Hunt)
modern sculpture. The collection of Turner's paintings at the Tate includes about 300 oils and 19,000 watercolours and drawings. He was the most traditional artist of his time as well as the most original: traditional in his devotion to the Old Masters and original in his creation of new styles. It is some-times said that he prepared the way for the Impressionists. The modern collection includes the paintings of Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso, Marc Chagall and Salvador Dali, Francis Bacon and Graham Sutherland, Peter Blake and Richard Hamilton, the chief pioneers of pop art in Great Britain. Henry Moore is a famous British 7 sculptor whose works are exhibited at the Tate too. One of the sculptor's masterpieces - the Reclining Figure' - is at fees Headquarters of UNESCO in Paris. The British Theatre Britain is now one of the world's major theatres centres
Viktoria Gumennaja 2018 INTRODUCTION "The city's the best gallery I could imagine." — JR I choose the topic for writing an essay - street art. Why did I choose this genre? Because for me it is something magical and special, not at all similar to those works that are in museums, at exhibitions and so on. Think for yourself, because street art began with the graffiti, and now we can see on the streets of our city just a work of art. I think graffiti, by the way, is also a great and invaluable work. Trends are changing. Now, young artists are moving from an endless unthinking tagging to a more conceptual and rich sense, abstract and volumetric work. Street art has become popular among the general public, because it is more accessible to him both in content and in location: for art, now you do not need to go to a museum or gallery, and the meaning of the work is often clear at a glance
and lived at Wem, in Shropshire Education Hazlitt was educated at home and at a local school At age 13 one of his letters was first published In 1793 his father sent him to a Unitarian seminary at Hackney College He suffered a loss of faith and left Hackney At puberty he became unapproachable and introverted He read a lot, laying the foundation of his education He turned to painting and in 1802 traveled to Paris to work in the Louvre In 1805 he turned to metaphysics and the study of philosophy, publishing his first book: On the Principles of Human Action Marriage In 1808 he married Sarah Stoddart, They went to live at Winterslow on Salisbury Plain Critic, journalist and essayist By the end of 1811 Hazlitt was penniless He then gave a course of lectures in philosophy in London Began reporting for the Morning Chronicle,
This great number serves as motivation to confine myself to orchestral works. Moreover, this number may be somewhat larger if we take into account that I have no exact information about the activities of all Estonian composers living outside Estonia. From this uneven and variegated whole I had to choose works worthy of attention. Thus I have had to treat the symphonists in the same manner. I apologise if a colleague does not find his name mentioned. The volume for this extensive work is limited. As the manifold activity of several elder composers still has deep significance today, I have, for the sake of completeness, discussed their other spheres of operation. Symphonic music is divided into two large subsections: instrumental and choral (oratorio and cantata) works. The latter has been severely cut from this work; some examples from momentous stage and oratorical works constitute an exception. The
especially by Thomas Paine in "The Age of Reason" and by Thomas Jefferson in his short Jefferson Bible from which all supernatural aspects were removed. Benjamin Franklin was influential in America, England, Scotland, and France, for his political activism and for his advances in physics. The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States, a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. In the definition of the American Dream by James Truslow Adams in 1931, "life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement" regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that "all men are created equal"
the medium is the message. This is merely to say that the personal and social consequences of any medium-that is, of any extension of ourselves-result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves, or by any new technology. Thus, with automation, for example, the new patterns of human association tend to eliminate jobs, it is true. That is the negative result. Positively, automation creates roles for people, which is to say depth of involvement in their work and human association that our preceding mechanical technology had destroyed. Many people would be disposed to say that it was not the machine, but what one did with the machine, that was its meaning or message. In terms of the ways in which the machine altered our relations to one another and to ourselves, it mattered not in the least whether it turned out cornflakes or Cadillacs. The restructuring of human work and
Rudyard Kipling - One of the most memorable English writers of all time Family of Joseph Rudyard Kipling Mother- Alice MacDonald Kipling. Alice Kipling (one of four remarkable Victorian sisters) was a vivacious woman about whom a future Viceroy of India would say, "Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room."[3] Father - John Lockwood Kipling. Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor, an illustrator, museum curator and pottery designer, was the principal and professor of architectural sculpture at the newly- founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and Industry in Bombay. Later in life Kipling illustrated many of Rudyard Kipling's books, and other works. Kipling also remained editor of the Journal of Indian Art and Industry, which carried drawing works from the students of the Mayo School. COUPLE named their son after the place they had first met Rudyard Lake.
Maria was raped by facists and her father was killed by facists, disturbed girl. Secondary characters are rememorable. Men and women act differently to war. Men are carried away by war propaganda, women are shown to be wised and appreciate life more than political parties. Men think on taking sides but women value life more. Jordan is an idealist. He is willing to give his life for this cause. But Maria's first loyalty is to her lover, jordan. She places love above war, politics. Pablo is another type, he is a moral coward, he is a defeatist, who wants to avoid personal danger and wants to save his life, he is mean and betrays his country men. Pilar, Pablo's woman, strong, courageous, patriot, never the less understands the importance of individual human happiness. Human independence and solitarity. Jordan dies, he is left to die. Maria problably is pregnant. Towards the end of his life Heingay wrote short stories. 1952 novella ,,The old man and the sea"
3) JAMES WATT He was born in the small port of Greenock on the river Clyde in Scotland in 1736. His father was a mathematical-instrument maker and also kept a shop to supply ships with goods for their voyages. James was a delicate boy and often suffered from headaches. That is why he could not go to school at the age when other children did. His mother taught him to read and his father taught him writing and arithmetic. He had very good memory and a natural love of work. He liked mathematics and was also fond of designing and making things. James was an observant and thoughtful boy. When James was able to go to school, he was sent to a private school. He learnt many subjects there. In his spare time James began to make experiments. He built a small electrical apparatus with which he gave his friends shocks that made them jump. When James was 18 he decided to become a professional instrument- maker. He could not find anyone to teach him, so he went to London
Then he spent the summer on the islands of Åland in Finland and after that moved on to Paris. There Mägi practised drawing at free academies. After that, he lived in Norway, where he actually executed his first masterpieces a series of Norwegian landscapes. In 1912 Konrad Mägi returned to Estonia where Tartu became his main place of residence, and where he began to teach drawing. At the end of his life he was no longer able to carry on his work due to serious lung disease. He also destroyed one part of his invaluable works during hysteric attacks. He died at the age of forty-six in Tartu neural clinic. At the time "Valgjärv" (1916-1917) was painted, the artist painted mostly in South Estonia and in connection with that there occurred a change in his choice of motifs. The former intimate views of a small part of the scenery were replaced by wide panoramas with lakes on the background of distant hills
After she studied at the Amherst Academy for seven years in her youth, she spent a short time at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary before returning to her family's house in Amherst. Thought of as an eccentric by the locals, she became known for her penchant for white clothing and her reluctance to greet guests or, later in life, even leave her room. Dickinson was a prolific private poet, though fewer than a dozen of her nearly eighteen hundred poems were published during her lifetime. The work that was published during her lifetime was usually altered significantly by the publishers to fit the conventional poetic rules of the time. Dickinson's poems are unique for the era in which she wrote; they contain short lines, typically lack titles, and often utilize slant rhyme as well as unconventional capitalization and punctuation. Many of her poems deal with themes of death and immortality, two subjects which infused her letters to friends. Walter Whitman
kool Research work Styles in interior design nimi TALLINN2010 Interior design is a multifaceted profession in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a built interior environment. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated methodology, including
Eliis: "Woodstock Festival" 5 festivals have been held, the first in 1969. There is rock, folk and jazz music. It was held to make peace, enjoy good music and pleasant atmosphere, to connect different people, to make profit. There was a bigger interest than expected. There is one film about it, made in 1970 to take the festival´s message all over the world. There is a plaque at the original festival grounds and a museum. Kristel: "The Longest-running Shows in the West End" "The Mousetrap", for 57 years, over 23 000 shows, based on a novel by A. Christie. Very mysterious piece, the murderer is unknown. "Les Misérables", for 24 years, based on Hugo´s novel. St Martin´s theatre was built in 1916, Queen´s theatre. "The Phantom of the Opera" is played in Her Majesty´s Theatre since 1986. The name varies according to whether the monarch is male of female. Getlin: "Brighton, A Seaside Resort"
IVAN KONSTANTINOVICH AIVAZOVSKY ABOUT AN ARTIST Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky was a Russian painter of Armenian ethnicity, based in his native Crimea, best known for his seascapes, which constitute more than half of his paintings. The Ninth Wave is his "most celebrated work."Aivazovsky is considered one of the most prominent Russian artists and one of the greatest marine artists of the 19th century BIOGRAPHY Aivazovsky was born in the town of Feodosiya, Crimea to a poor Armenian family. His father taught him to play the violin and speak Polish and Ukrainian fluently. His talent as an artist earned him sponsorship and entry to the Simferopol gymnasium №1 and later the St.Petersburg Academy of Arts,
earlier texts. Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language ( [dlktitskj ats ruskv jzka]), was published in three folio volumes 19861989, after four decades of preparatory work. Orthography Russian spelling is reasonably phonemic in practice. It is in fact a balance among phonemics, morphology, etymology, and grammar; and, like that of most living languages, has its share of inconsistencies and controversial points. A number of rigid spelling rules introduced between the 1880s and 1910s have been responsible for the former whilst trying to eliminate the latter. The current spelling follows the major reform of 1918, and the final codification of 1956. An
from Walter Scott's Waverley novels. The tales, which include The Last of the Mohicans, recount the adventures of the great frontiersman Natty Bumppo, nicknamed `Leatherstocking'. Cooper shows great skill in weaving history into the exciting plots and in creating credible and identifiably Am characters. His works sold widely in Am, Britain and Europe. Edgar Allan Poe was a southerner who moved north to find work as an author and editor in Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City. His gothic tales of horror included the Romantic elements of fantasy and terror. His masterpieces The Fall of The House of Usher (1839) and The Masque of the Red Death (1842) show a deeply analytical mind which Poe also applied to literary criticism. His novel The Murders in the Rue Morgue is widely considered to have given rise to the genre of detective stories
Palazzo Farnese in Rome PIETA The Pietà by Michelangelo is a marble sculpture in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, the first of a number of works of the same theme by the artist. The statue was commissioned for the French cardinal Jean de Billheres, who was a representative in Rome. The statue was made for the cardinal's funeral monument, but was moved to its current location, the first chapel on the right as one enters the basilica, in the 18th century. This famous work of art depicts the body of Jesus on the lap of his mother Mary after the Crucifixion. The theme is of Northern origin, popular in France but not yet in Italy. It is an important work as it balances the Renaissance ideals of classical beauty with naturalism. The statue is one of the most highly finished works by Michelangelo The structure is pyramidal, and the vertex coincides with Mary's head. The statue widens
Irish and Scottish missionaries were spreading Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England during the 6th centurie. The Latin term Scotti refers to the Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland and the Irish who settled in western Scotland. *The Venerable Bede Bede was a Christian monk, he was the most learned man in Europe at that time. He is remembered mainly for his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People." This five volume work records events in Britain from the raids by Julius Caesar to the arrival of the first missionary from Rome. Bede's writings are considered the best summary of this period of history ever prepared. Some have called it "the finest historical work of the early Middle Ages." *The coming ofe the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians to Britain Very little is known about the first several hundred years of the Anglo-Saxon era, primarily because the invaders were an illiterate people
well as a vigorous social campaigner. Considered one of the English language's greatest writers, he was acclaimed for his rich storytelling and memorable characters, and achieved massive worldwide popularity in his lifetime. Charles Dickens was born in Landport, Portsmouth in Hampshire, the second of eight children to John Dickens n 7 February 1812. The 12-year-old Dickens began working ten hour days in a Warren's boot-blacking factory. In May 1827, Dickens began work in the office of Ellis and Blackmore as a law clerk. At the age of seventeen, he became a court stenographer and, in 1830, met his first love, Maria Beadnell. Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and effectively ended the relationship when they sent her to school in Paris. In 1834, Dickens became a political journalist, reporting on parliamentary debate and traveling across Britain by stagecoach to cover election campaigns for the Morning Chronice.
fruit trees. Excited by the subject matter, van Gogh completed nearly one painting a day.The works reflect the influence of Impressionism, Divisionism, and Japanese woodcuts. Van Gogh borrowed the subject, the bold outlines and the positioning of the tree in the picture plane from Japanese printmaking. Vincent was a fan of Japanese art especially of the woodblock print genre Ukiyo-e and influence of Ukiyo-e can be seen in this famous work which was held in high esteem by the artist. Because he suffered from psychotic episodes and delusions and though he worried about his mental stability, he often neglected his physical health, did not eat properly and drank heavily. The Japanese paintings represent Van Gogh's search for serenity and helped him with his depression. In early 1890, Van Gogh’s brother Theo had a son who was named Vincent after the artist
He placed great importance on drawing; even when he had arthritis, he still was able to draw. After the Second World War, Moore's bronzes took on their larger scale, which was particularly suited for public art commissions. As a matter of practicality, he largely abandoned direct carving, and took on several assistants to help produce maquettes. By the end of the 1940s, he produced sculptures increasingly by modelling, working out the shape in clay or plaster before casting the final work in bronze using the lost wax technique. At his home in Much Hadham, Moore built up a collection of natural objects; skulls, driftwood, pebbles, rocks and shells, which he would use to provide inspiration for organic forms. For his largest works, he often produced a half-scale, working model before scaling up for the final moulding and casting at a bronze foundry. Moore often refined the final full plaster shape and added surface marks before casting.
of nine. His early illustrations depicted animals and cars; he is still extremely interested in american cars and is said to have an encyclopedic knowledge of them. When he was about seven, Stephen became fascinated with sketching landmark London buildings. A drawing Stephen did of St. Paul's Cathedral when he was 9 . 3.slaid One of Stephen's teachers took a particular interest in him, who later accompanied his young student on drawing excursions and entered his work in children's art competitions, many of which garnered Stephen awards. The local press became increasingly suspicious as to how a young child could produce such masterful drawings. The media interest soon turned nationwide and the 7 year old Stephen Wiltshire made his first steps to launch his lifelong career. The same year he sold his first work and by the time he turned 8, he received his first commission from the British Prime Minister to create a drawing of Salisbury Cathedral.
Leonardo Da Vinci We are making a presentation about Leonardo da Vinci. He was an Italian polymath and he had a wide range of interests including sculpture, science and painting. He is widely considered one of the greatest and most famous painters of all time. He was born on April 15th 1452 in a town called Vinci, that is also where he got his name from. Very little is known about his early life, but he spent his first five years with his mother and then moved together with his father. Leonardo had 12 half-siblings who were all much younger than him. Leonardo received an informal education in Latin, geometry and mathematics. At the age of 14 he joined a workshop held by an artist known as Verrocchio. There he painted his painting `'Baptism of Christ'', which first gained notoriety. Leonardo Da Vinci died in 1519 at the age of 67. Leonardo was and is primarily known as a painter. Among his other works, `'Mona Lisa'' is the most famous and most parodied portrait which he pained durin
In 1882, he joined former classmate George Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth, but their relationship proved difficult, and Conan Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice. Arriving in Portsmouth in June of that year with less than £10 to his name, he set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea. The practice was initially not very successful; while waiting for patients, he again began writing stories. His first significant work was A Study in Scarlet, which appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887 and featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes, who was partially modelled after his former university professor, Joseph Bell. Future short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the English Strand Magazine. Interestingly, Rudyard Kipling congratulated Conan Doyle on his success, asking "Could this be my old friend, Dr. Joe?" Sherlock Holmes, however, was even more closely
4. James Joyce as a master of European Modernism. Joyce's background. Joyce and Ireland. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Stephen's and Joyce's spiritual searchings. Portrait as a modernist Bildungsroman. Revolution in style and composition. James Joyce as a master of European Modernism. Self-consciously modernist-new ways to express, quite difficult to read. Himself encouraged diversity of opinions concerning his art. ,, Ulysses will give universities something to work on well into the next century". Joyce's background. Ireland, till 1904. Education was standard, middle class. He had quite prestigious start on education, Jesuit university college, Dublin. Ended up in rebellion. Against inhibiting(keelama) forces of family, church, school. Moved to the continent, Paris, Ulysses-Zürich and Paris. Joyce and Ireland. ,,Cultic twalette", left in 1904, couldn't help returning in every page he
Tallinn English College English Anita Kuprijanovits Form 8b THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Report Supervisor: Mare Kallas Tallinn 2009 Introduction Name: The United States of America Area: ~10 mln km2 Population: ~300 mln people Symbols: The American Flag- consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white and represent the Thirteen Colonies. The 50 small, white stars represent the 50 U.S. states. The U.S. flag is commonly called ,,the Stars and Stripes". The Statue of Liberty, that is locatd in New York,is a gift from the France. The Libety Bell, that is a bronze bell that symbolizes freedom in the United States of America. It is located in Pennsylvania,U.S. Capital: Washington D.C Biggest city: New York National language: English Location U.S is located in North America, bordering both the North Atla
lives in total misery, cinema had moved on and melies was more than a sidenote. People at the end of his life organised a retrospective. Wanted to shoot actuality but was interested in illusion. It is fundament that hollywood is built on. Hollywood is selling illusions. Cinema can become the theater, magicshow. Melies the first ,,auteur". Film is not like in hollywood, but the maker is an author. The keygenius to make it all happen-,,auteur". Demonstrated that feature film production can be the work of a single creative mind(not industry) Melies: wrote the scripts, controlled every aspect, in front of and behing the camera, hired the actors, took care of shooting, develping and editing of the film. The father of indipendent film . Cinem ais an art form that is controlled by an artist with a personal vision European film industry is cultural, state money. European art directors stand for the film they are making. People go there to see an art exhibition. Directors in hollywood doesn't matter
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