· Suuremõisa Castle. Suuremõisa Castle was built in the second half of the 18th century on the initiative of Countess EbbaMargaretha Stenbock (17041776). The wings are erected in 1772. There are 64 rooms in the Castle. 6 ponds were dug in the grounds of the Castle and a park and a garden established. In 1796 the Castle was sold to Baron UngernSternberg. The attic of the Castle has doubleceiling, where the Baron used to hide the treasures stolen from ships that had sunk in the Näkimadalad. On 19 October 1802 the Baron killed Karl Johannes Malm, the Captain (of Swedish origin) of his ship "Brig Morian", in this Castle
The roof is made of red stone. The construction of the stronghold was closely connected with the Estonians fight against the German feudals. The first documented data about Kuressaare castle originate only from 1380s. Kuressaare castle remained the residence for the bishops of Saare-Lääne Bishopric until the beginning of the Livonian War. At the end of the XIV and the beginning of the XV century the castle was surrounded by a new mighty 625 m long and 7 m high belt of walls, erected around the old belt of walls dating from the XIII century. The necessity to improve the defence of the castle was due to the invention and usage of firearms. The old parts of the walls have been preserved in the new earthwork and bastions even today. In the middle of the XV century the wall was made higher and cannon towers were built. The most powerful was the Cannon Tower on the Northern Bastion from about 1470, restored in 1971-72.
Stonehenge Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) west of Amesbury and 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) north of Salisbury. One of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. Archaeologists had believed that the iconic stone monument was erected around 2500 BC, as described in the chronology below. However one recent theory has suggested that the first stones were not erected until 2400-2200 BC,[1] whilst another suggests that bluestones may have been erected at the site as early as 3000 BC (see phase 1 below). The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. The site and its surroundings were added to the UNESCO's
One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. It is at the centre of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mound. Archaeologists have believed that the iconic stone monument was erected around 2500 BC, as described in the chronology below. One recent theory however, has suggested that the first stones were not erected until 24002200 BC, whilst another suggests that bluestones may have been erected at the site as early as 3000 BC (see phase 1 below). The surrounding circular earth bank and ditch, which constitute the earliest phase of the monument, have been dated to about 3100 BC. The site and its surroundings were added to the
in Western Europe; in particular in Ireland, Great Britain and Brittany. There are about 50,000 megaliths in these areas Over the centuries they have variously been thought to have been used by Druids for human sacrifice, used as territorial markers or elements of a complex ideological system, or functioned as early calendars History Practically nothing is known of the social organization or religious beliefs of the people who erected the menhirs. We have no trace even of these people's language; however we do know that they buried their dead, and had the skills to grow cereal, farm and make pottery, stone tools and jewelry. Identifying their uses remains speculation. However, it is likely that many uses involved fertility rites and seasonal cycles. Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level
Topic No. 3 L.5 James Watt James Watt was born in Scotland in 1736. His father was a mathematical instrument maker. James was a delicate boy and often suffered from severe headaches. That is why he didn't go to school when the other children did, so his parents had to teach him. He liked mathematics and was fond of making things, so his father gave him some tools. James liked to take his toys to pieces and build new things to his own design. At the age of eighteen he decided to become a professional instrument maker. It was very hard to find a teacher. But finally he found an instrument maker in London who took him on as an apprentice. After a year he returned to Scotland and became a mathematical instrument maker. He also made musical instruments. He was asked to repair a small steam engine which was very primitive and used too much coal and a lot of steam was wasted. He ...
goes down, and the playing colours of the fountains are a sight in themselves in the darkness of the night. Now we are arrive at Breakwaters The Pärnu Jetty Pärnu has always been an important harbour. Two breakwaters with a total length of 5 km, each reaching about 2 km into the sea, were built in the mouth of the Pärnu River in 1863-1864. The breakwater on the left bank of the river has become the symbol of Pärnu. And now we are arrive at memorial to m/s Estonia The memorial was erected in commemoration of the people who perished in the catastrophe of the M/S Estonia in 1994. I hope you will all enjoy the tour.
· The palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. · It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. Peakontor* Buckingham Palace History · Buckingham House was designed by William Winde and this facade* evolved into today´s Grand Entrance. · Goring House was possibly the first house erected within the site around 1624. · The Queen's House was intended as a private retreat for King George III`s wife, Queen Charlotte and 14 of their 15 cildren were born there. The Queen's House Goring house Fassaad* Home of the monarch · There are 19 state rooms, 52 principal* bed-, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, 78 bathrooms and has its own office, cinema swimming pool
London Eye The London Eye is an extremely large passenger-carrying wheel situated on the banks of the River Thames in Central London in the United Kingdom. It is the largest observation wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over three million people in one year. At the time it was erected, in 1999, it was the tallest observation wheel in the world, until it was surpassed by the Star of Nanchang (160 meters (524 ft 11 in)) in May 2006, and then the Singapore Flyer (165 meters (541 ft 4 in). The wheel carries 32 sealed and air-conditioned egg-shaped (each 10 tonne) capsule holds 25 people, who are free to walk around inside the capsule, though seating is provided. It rotates at 26 cm (10 in) per second (about 0.9 km/h or 0
The task was assigned to the sculptor Chares of Lindos, a pupil of Lysippos himself, and twelve years (from 304 to 292 BC) were needed to complete it. The Colossus of Rhodes was not only a gigantic statue. It was a symbol of unity of the people who inhabited that beautiful Mediterranean island of Rhodes. To build the statue, the workers cast the outer bronze skin parts. The base was made of white marble, and the feet and ankle of the statue were first fixed. The structure was gradually erected as the bronze form was fortified with an iron and stone framework. To reach the higher parts, an earth ramp was built around the statue and was later removed. When the Colossus was finished, it stood about 33 metres (110 ft) high. A strong earthquake hit Rhodes at around 226 BC. The city was badly damaged, and the Colossus was broken at its weakest point - the knee. For almost a millennium, the statue lay broken in ruins. In AD 654, the Arabs invaded Rhodes
Francisco dates to 3000 BC. The Yelamu group of the Ohlone people resided in several small villages when a Spanish exploration party, led by Don Gaspar de Portolà arrived on November 2, 1769, the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the area became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the mission system gradually ended and its lands began to be privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, near a boat anchorage around what is today Portsmouth Square. Together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7, 1846, during the Mexican-American War, and Captain John B. Montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later
Throughout the greater part of our independent statehood both the Estonian Parliament and the Government have worked here, but in summer 2000 the Government moved to the Stenbock House According to an old legend, the hill of Toompea was heaped up, stone by stone, by Linda, in mourning for her husband Kalev. The earliest buildings confirmed by historical data originate from the 9th century when ancient Estonians took advantage of the steep escarpment of Toompea and erected here their ancient stronghold of Lindanisa, one of the best-protected strongholds in Estonia. A settlement of tradesmen and artisans began to develop at the foot of Toompea hill. Farmers from the neighbouring counties, mainly from Rävala County, were the masters of Toompea stronghold and used it only in the event of danger. This also explains how in 1219 King Valdemar II of Denmark conquered the stronghold with ease. From that time on the stronghold of Toompea, and
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea.
London Eye The London Eye, at a height of 135 metres and a weight of 1,700 tonnes, is the biggest Ferris wheel in Europe. It´s known also as the Millennium Wheel. It was built between 1998 and 1999. The London Eye has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom, visited by over three million people in one year. When it was erected it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until it was surpassed by the Star of Nanchang 160 m in May 2006, and then the Singapore Flyer 165 m on 11 February 2008. The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens, on the South Bank of the River Thames in London, United Kingdom, between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford Bridge. The site is adjacent to that of the former Dome of Discovery, which was built for the Festival of Britain in 1951.
TOPIC 3 James Watt James Watt was born in Scotland. James was a delicate boy and often suffered from severe headaches. That is why he could not go to school at the age when other children did. His mother taught him to read and his father taught him writing and arithmetic. He had a very good memory and a natural love of work. When his father saw that the boy liked to do things with his hands he brought him some tools from his workshop. For hours James would take his toys to pieces and the built new things from the parts to his own design. One day James noticed that, when the water in the kettle was boiling, the power of the steam moved the lid up and down, and when he held a cold spoon over the steam, it quickly turned back into drops of water. James was sent to a private school. He became good at languages as well as mathematics. In his spare time he began to make experiments. He managed to persuade an instrument-maker to take him as a...
Massachusetts Bay Company and establish Boston, which was to grow as a major port. Despite the privations of 1620, the Puritans founded colonies that thrived and their success depended on fishing, shipbuilding, trade and farming. Unfriendly natives were not the Pilgrims' only problem. December was a bad time to start a settlement, especially when so many of them were too sick to do the hard work which founding the settlement required . The minority who were fit enough erected shelters near the beach at Cape Cod for a start, and then set about reconnoitring the hinterland for sustenance. Had it not been for friendlier native Americans who taught them their skills, the Pilgrims might never have survived. The natives acted as guides through the forests and taught the colonists woodcraft, trapping, hunting, how to make maple sugar, moccasins and birch-bark canoes and how to raise crops of maize and tobacco
States. There are 58 handcarved horses and two chariots. The carousel originally was installed in Coney Island in Brooklyn. 7) Strawberry Fields On John Lennon's 45th birthday, New York City dedicated 2.5 acres to his memory. Countries from all around the world contributed trees, and Italy donated the iconic Imagine mosaic. 8) Cleopatra's Needle is a Ancient Egypt obelisks re erected in New York City during the 19th century. It is paired up with the obelisks in London. The surface of the obelisks is covered with rows of engraved Egyptian hieroglyphs on all sides. Belvedere Castle is a folly. It contains exhibit rooms and an observation deck, and since 1919, the folly has been the location of the official Central Park weather station. Tavern on the Green Established in 1934,it’s a restaurant
The Romans founded London about 50 AD. Its name is derived from the Celtic word Londinios, which means `the place of the bold one'. The Romans brought with them forts, roads and the rule of law. Then in 61 AD Queen Boudicca led a rebellion against the Romans. Her army marched on London. No attempt was made to defend London. Boudicca burned London but after her rebellion was crushed it was rebuilt. By the end of the 2nd century, a 6metre stone wall was erected around London. The Danes invaded London in 842 and again in 851, burning most of the town. Then in 878, the Danes were defeated by King Alfred the Great and they split the country between them. On the 25th of December, 1006, William was crowned King of England, after winning the Battle oh Hastings. In 1349 the Black Death killed thousands of citizens. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the map of London was published. In plagues (in 1603; 16641665) thousands of people died
Logan died in 1912 and was buried at the top of One Tree Hill, a mound which he was responsible for naming. Aside from the park's historic interest, it is a lovely place to spend time with its spacious parkland areas and grassy slopes offering great opportunities for leisurely walks. One Tree Hill is low enough to be climbed on foot, but it is also possible to drive to the summit. From the top are some great views over the city as well as a large obelisk that was erected as a tribute to the Sky Tower Claiming the title of the tallest tower of its kind in the southern hemisphere, the Sky Tower stands a lofty 1,000 feet high and can be seen from anywhere within the city centre. American Express Viaduct Harbour Created to serve the needs of those watching and taking part in the America's Cup events of 1999 and 2002, Viaduct Harbour is now something of a focal point for maritime events held in the city
(show the list of the pupils and the teachers who went to war behind the glass coverage). There is a marble plaque dedicated to those seven boys in our school assembly hall, which was ceremonially opened on the 4 th anniversary of the War of Independence in 1922. (point to the picture of that plaque) Many of those who returned from the war were honoured with war decorations and all of them were granted with free education until their graduation from university. A statue was erected to all of the pupils from the schools in Tallinn who fell in battle. The statue is situated in the schoolyard of Reaalkool and it is named "Reaali poiss" which can be translated into English as the Boy from Reaalkool. (point to the picture of the statue) On the statue are Horatio's words: "What joy, for fatherland to die!" Our school has the tradition of visiting this statue and also reading out loud all the names of the boys from our school, who
The last floor got a new outer wall to support a new ceiling roof that was 2 m thick at its thinnest and 4 m thick at the top of the vault. While the armaments developed, the defence wall around the town lost its significance. In 1760 the tower was taken over by the state and was used as a storage, apartments, archive rooms. At the beginning of the 20th century the first Estonian heavy athletes used some of the rooms as training quarters. To get rid of all sorts of small buildings erected around the tower, some reconstruction took place in 1958 and on 20 July the same year a branch museum of Tallinn City Museum was opened here. The extensive reconstruction in 1966-1968 aimed at finding a compromise between the 15th-16th century architecture, the 17th century reconstructions and the needs of a modern museum. New floors of flagstone plates were laid, a heating and running water systems were installed, the stairs were repaired and, to some extent, renovated.
to the Domus Aurea.Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, "the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty." This is thought to refer to the vast quantity of treasure seized by the Romans following their victory in the Great Jewish Revolt in 70AD. The Colosseum can be thus interpreted as a great triumphal monument built in the Roman tradition of celebrating great victories. Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can also be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which
bridge are Soutwark Cathedral and London Bridge station on the north side are the Moment to the Grea Fire of London and Monument tube station. The Merlin Entertainments London Eye (known more simply as The London Eye, and also known as the Millennium Wheel), at a height of 135metres (443ft), is the largest Ferris wheel in Europe, and has become the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom visited by over three million people in one year. At the time it was erected, in 1999, it was the tallest Ferris wheel in the world, until it was surpassed by the Star of Nanchang (160 m) in May 2006, and then the Singapore River (165 m) on 11 February 2008. However, it is still described by its operators as "the world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel" (as the entire structure is supported by an A-Frame on one side only). The London Eye is located at the western end of Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank of the River
are permanently there and support their own weight these are the heavy elements like columns, beams, floors, arches, domes, but also ceiling and inslulation material. Finally, it leaves us with other loads corrosion, fire and loads during construction. First of all, thermal loads are sometimes called hidden or locked-in loads and caused by daily or seasonal change in air temperature. To clarify its effect, let´s assume that a steel bridge 100 m long was erected in winter at an average temperature of 2oC. On a summer day, when the air temperature reaches 32oC, the bridge lengthens, since all bodies expand when heated. The increase in length of the bridge can be computed to be only 3 cm. It is indeed small, one three thousandths of the bridge´s length, however, if the bridge is anchored to abutments that do not allow this thermal expansion, the abutments will push on the bridge to reduce its length by 3 cm.
William the Conqueror (~1028-1087) · Was born in Falaise , Normandy. It's not exactly known when William born but it is is believed to have been born in either 1027 or 1028.He was son of Robert I , the Duke of Normandy. He was known as "William the Bastard" because of the illegitimacy of his birth. · Duke of Normandy from 1035. By his father's will, William succeeded him as Duke of Normandy at age seven. He was knighted by Henry at age 15. By the time William turned 19 he was successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. · King of England from 1066 to his death. Upon the death of the childless Edward the Confessor, the English throne was fiercely disputed by three claimants--William, Harold Godwinson, the powerful Earl of Wessex, and the Viking King Harald III of Norway, known as Harald Hardraada. Ba...
Cloudy weather can make the technology unreliable during the day. Solar technologies are very expensive. Requires a lot of land area to collect the sun's energy. Wind energy Most wind energy comes from wind turbines. Wind turbines are used to wring electricity from the breeze. Wind turbine use has increased at more than 25 percent a year. Wind is a clean source of renewable energy that produces no air or water pollution. Wind is free, operational costs are nearly zero once a turbine is erected. Negative aspects of wind energy Wind turbines make noise. Slowly rotating blades can kill birds and bats. Wind is variable: if it's not blowing , there's no electricity generated. Wind turbines are expensive. Hydroelectric power Hydropower is electricity generated using the energy of moving water. Hydropower is the cheapest way to generate electricity today. It's a clean fuel source that is renewable yearly by snow and rainfall.
March 2000 What was London Eye called in 2000? Millennium wheel How much does renting a private capsule cost? 550£ Destination 4: 10 Downing Street Since when have Prime Ministers lived at 10 Downing Street? 1735 What is the name of the current Prime Minister, which political party does he represent and how old is he? David Cameron, 50 years old, representing conservative You pass Cleopatra's Needle on your way to your next destination. What is it and why was it erected? Ancient Egyptian obelisks, Destination 5: St Paul's Cathedral Take a virtual tour and "climb" the top to enjoy a view of London: http://www.sphericalimages.com/stpauls/virtual_tour.htm Look inside the cathedral as well What is the difference between a cathedral and a church? Cathedral is bigger and more important Who was the architect of the present building and when was it built? Sir Christopher Wren. Was built between 1675-1720 Destination 6: The Tower of London
1851 -- 2,363,000 1891 -- 5,572,012 1911 -- 7,160,525 4 TODAY LONDON At the turn of the 21st century, London hosted the much derided Millennium Dome at Greenwich, to mark the new century. Other Millennium projects were more successful. One was the largest observation wheel in the world, the "Millennium Wheel", or the London Eye, which was erected as a temporary structure, but soon became a fixture, and draws four million visitors a year. The National Lottery also released a flood of funds for major enhancements to existing attractions, for example the roofing of the Great Court at the British Museum.The London Plan, published by the Mayor of London in 2004, estimated that the population would reach 8.1 million by 2016, and continue to rise thereafter. This was reflected in a move towards
into the enemy’s kitchen. The walls are 4 m thick, can see the cannons stuck in there. Tallinn City Museum. ● Town Wall (Unesco) - one of the greatest towers of Tallinn’s Town Wall, Old Town declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 Toompea ● Toompea is a limestone hill in the central of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 metres above the surrounding areas. According to the legend, its the tumulus moundn over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone by his grieving wife Linda. While we don’t want to question this wonderful theory, there is an alternative version which says that Toompea is just a naturally formed limestone hill. ● It’s the birthplace of Tallinn - in 1229, the Knights of the Sword built a fortress - Toompea castle. It’s the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today it’s the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu.
Londoners would know".[3] On the lawn in front of the National Gallery are two statues, James II to the west of the entrance portico and George Washington to the east. The latter statue, a gift from the state of Virginia, stands on soil imported from the United States. This was done in order to honour Washington's declaration he would never again set foot on British soil.[4] In 1888 the statue of General Charles George Gordon was erected. In 1943 the statue was removed and, in 1953, re-sited on the Victoria Embankment. A bust of the Second World War First Sea Lord Admiral Cunningham by Franta Belsky was unveiled in Trafalgar Square on 2 April 1967 by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.[5] The square has become a social and political location for visitors and Londoners alike, developing over its history from "an esplanade peopled with figures of national heroes, into
The church has also a valuable collection of Baltic- German noblemen's coats of arms, many of them were carved from wood by the famous Tallinn wood carver Christian Ackermann in the 17th century. Nowadays, the church has an Estonian Lutheran congregation and also serves as a concert hall. St. Nicholas' Church. In about 1230, quite a number of German merchants came over to Tallinn from Gotland at the invitation of the Order. They settled down outside the fortress, at the foot of the hill. They erected a chapel among their wooden houses. The church was built against the northern wall of the chapel. It was named after St. Nicholas, the patron saint of merchants and seafarers. After the big fire of 1433 the church was rebuilt with proper splendour. The spire dates from the 16th century. During the Reformation in 1524 many valuable works of art were distroyed in Tallinn. The locks on the doors of Niguliste Church had been poured full of melted lead, and so it was the only
largest one in the Baltics and one of the largest art museums in Northern Europe. constructed 2003 - 2006, museum of the year 2008. Mikkel - The Mikkel Museum (Estonian: Mikkeli muuseum) is a branch of the Art Museum of Estonia, located in Kadriorg park in Tallinn. It displays a collection of mainly Western art and ceramics, and Chinese porcelain, donated by art collector Johannes Mikkel in 1994. Russalka - The Russalka Memorial is a bronze monument sculpted by Amandus Adamson, erected on 7 September 1902 in Kadriorg, Tallinn, to mark the ninth anniversary of the sinking of the Russian warship Rusalka, or "Mermaid", which sank en route to Finland in 1893. Angel holding an orthodox cross.
generators to be driven - and electric motors to feed power for get-you-home propulsion or as part of a hybrid propulsion system. The input shaft is provided with keyway for mounting of the flexible coupling and the output shaft with a cylindrical shaft or flange. 2) Auxiliary machinery 2.1)Generator As you know that a ship is a mobile power plant or a moving mini-city. Air comp these moving giants have a pre-designed and erected compressed air system, which facilitates many activities onboard a ship. There are mostly 4 to 8 and sometimes 10 air compressors found onboard. These air compressors take suction from the engine room atmosphere which is already under a slight positive pressure. 2.1.1) DC (direct current) marine systems save up to 20 percent fuel and make ships directly compatible with solar and wind energy. The concept of a total DC power system arose when ABB considered the most energy intensive
in its rooms, but the street name remained in the form of Süsterstrasse and Cisternstrasse. It was not until the 18th century that the name Lai also started to appear. In 1872, when the street names were being fixed, Lai remained the sole name of the street. 4 1 Lai Street / 4 Nunne Street A good example of Neo-Renaissance and early Art Nouveau styles combined is Lai Street 1, the present Youth and Puppet Theatre, erected at the beginning of the 20th century as the Nobility Club. The three-storey building replaces two medieval properties. In 1784 an amateur theatre began playing in a house situated in the same place and soon became a professional German City Theatre. The famous German writer August von Kotzebue (1761-1819), the life and soul of the theatre, lived in Tallinn for several long periods. (Otto von Kotzebue, the son of August von Kotzebue, accompanied explorer Adam
near Rocca al Mare, west of the city, preserves aspects of Estonian rural culture and architecture. My 5 favourite places in the Old Town are Tall Hermann, the viewing points in Toompea, St. Olaf's Church, Town Hall Square and Bun Passage. For centuries Toompea was always inhabited by the ruling classes. In the Middle Ages, it was the place where the bishops and the nobility resided. Here the landed gentry built their beautiful town houses. Most of the remaining buildings were erected after the big fire on Toompea in 1684. Historically, the fortress on Toompea consisted of two parts: the small fortress (today's Toompea Castle) and the big fortress (the rest of Toompea). The hill, with an area of 8 hectares, was the perfect location for a fort where people could find shelter in case of danger or war. Today Toompea attracts many visitors who come here to admire the panorama of Tallinn. Tall Hermann is in the Upper Town
hough primarily known for its party scene, large portions of the island are registered as U.N. World Heritage Sites, and thus protected from the development and commercialization of the main cities. A notable example includes "God's Finger" in the Benirràs Bay as well as some of the more traditional Ibicenco cultural sites. Because of its rustic beauty, companies and artists alike frequently use the island for photographic and film shoots. A monument ( "The Egg") erected in honour of Christopher Columbus can be found in Sant Antoni: Ibiza is one of several places purporting to be his birthplace. Religion Here in Ibiza it's impossible to forget that we still live in a devoutly religious, Catholic country. Visitors to the island at Easter can get a taste of the faith and pageantry of the Ibicencos in the religious processions which take place in the towns and villages.
A ritual for university students is washing the hair of the Baer statue head on the eve of St. Philip's Day. Kristjan Jaak Peterson monument Kristjan Jaak Peterson was an Estonian poet, author of odes and pastorales, who was born in Riga and studied in Tartu. The aim of his work became the creation of literature in the original Estonian language. The Kissing Students The sculpture and fountain "The Kissing Students" located at the Tartu Town Hall Square, has become a symbol of Tartu. Erected in 1998, it was conceived by Mati Karmin. Legend kõneleb suudlevate tudengite kohta järgmist:Ühel hämaral sügisõhtul jalutas armunud tudengipaar mööda Tartu südalinna. Suudeldes ja naerdes jõudsid nad Raekoja platsile. Äkki muutus taevas tumedaks, pilved kogunesid linna kohale ja hakkas sadama paduvihma. Noormees avas vihmavarju ja võttis neiu oma embusesse. Kirglikult ja kaua suudlesid nad siis, seistes kesk voolavat vihma, südamed löömas ühes taktis
He also made musical instruments organs, violins, flutes and guitars. Then he began to work on steam engine. He built a new type of engine, with a separate consider and an air pump. It was great discovery. Watt's engine became the basics of industry. He invented a copying machine. The unit of electric power or activity was named 'a watt' after him. He retired when he was 64. His last invention was a machine for copying sculptures. He had many friends. He died in 1819. A monument was erected to him. 4) THANKSGIVING In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. On this day Americans give thanks for their blessings they have enjoyed during the year. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and happy reunions. The first American thanksgiving was held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. In 1620 a small group of puritans on a ship called mayflower set sail for America
columns, on the entrance. The model was topped by a striking large dome, the largest in the world after Michelangelo's dome of the St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. The design was approved in 1675, but it took until 1711 before the Cathedral was finally finished. Monument The Monument was built to commemorate the Great Fire of London which broke out at Pudding Lane bakery on the 2nd of September, 1666. It was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and erected in 1677. The column of white stone is 62 metres high. Its highest is said to be the exact distance from the place where the fire started. At the top of the Monument there is a viewing platform from where one can have a great view of the City. There are 311 stairs inside the Monument which the visitors can climb to the top. Above the viewing platform, at the very top of the Monument, there is a brass ball covered with brass flames. At the pedestal of the Monument
lavish banquets. · Statue of Boudicca - this massive bronze statue of the legendary Queen Boudicca in her chariot looks as if it's about to take the City of London. The statue was made by the English artist Thomas Thornycroft from 1856 until 1885, but it wasn't erected in its current position near Westminster Bridge until 1902. Queen Boudicca was queen of a Celtic tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire. · St. Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral, the highest point in the City of London, and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The present building dates from the 17th century and was designed by Sir Christopher Wren
heavy timber, whose forces were easier to calculate. A more complex form of the beam is the truss, a rigid self- supporting system of triangles transferring both dead and live loads to the abutments or piers. A more complex form of the girder is the cantilever, where trussed and anchored ends of the girder support a central span. They were favoured for deep gorges or wide fast-flowing streams where false work, a temporary structure, usually of timber, erected to assist in the construc- tion of the permanent bridge, is impossible to build. The three principal types - beam, arch, and suspension - often were combined in a variety of ways to form composite structures, the type selected depending on the nature of the crossing, the span required, the materials at hand, and the type of load anticipated - pedestrian, vehicular, railroad, or a channel of water as in aqueducts. Primitive bridges
times a week. It is famous for its high-level walkways, which were closed in 1910 due to the lack of use. In 1982 the walkways were glazed and opened as a permanent exhibition. The bridge is 60 meter (197 ft) long and its towers rise to a height of 43 meter. From the top of the towers, you have a great view on the center of London. The Monument The Monument was built to commemorate the Great Fire of London. It was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and erected in 1677. The column of white stone is 62 metres high. Its height is said to be the exact distance from the place where the fire started. At the top of the monument there is a viewing platform. There are 311 stairs inside the monument which the visitors can climb up to the top. Above the viewing platform, at the very top of the Monument, there is a brass ball covered with brass flames. At the pedestal of the Monument there is a stone relief depicting Charles II
· Houses the Parliament since 1550 · Destroyed in 1834 in a fire · Westminster Hall survived the fire · New house built for parliament in 1840s( Sir Charles Barry) · Queen rules symbolically, actual power - parliament · House of Lords double-check the laws · House of Commons discuss politics and make laws · Opening of Parlianent- in November · Westminster Hall- oldest existing part, used as a court and a ceremonial hall, erected by William II in 1097 · Big Ben actually only the Bell(16 tons)- largest in the UK · Clock tower built in 1288 · 3rd tallest clock tower in the world, biggest four-faced clock in the world · Burned down along with the Houses in 1834, rebuilt after Westminster Abbey · Dedicated to St. Peter · Owned by the royal family · Next to Houses of Parliament · Edward the Confessor built 1045-1050 · Rebuilt 1245-1517 as a Gothic church; Henry III
Sisuliselt oli keskaegne Viljandi linn neljandaks eeslinnuseks. Carl Robert Jakobsoni monument. · Kuju püstitati 1998. aastal ärkamisaegse poliitiku ja Viljandimaa ajalehe "Sakala" asutaja 157. sünniaastapäevaks. · Carl Robert Jakobson was one the most important public figures during the Estonian Period of Awakening as well as a columnist, writer, teacher and founder of Sakala, the newspaper of Viljandi County. The statue was erected in 1998, for Jakobson's 157th birthday. · Skulptuuri kujuriks on Mati Karmin. · C.R.Jakobson was great figure of the estonian national Movement. Jakobson founded the "Sakala" newspaper in Viljandi in 1878. · C.R. Jakobson is depicted on the Estonian 500-kroon note. Johann Köleri monument. · Johann Köleri monument paigaldati Linnaväljakule 1976.a mil tähistati rahvusliku maalikunsti rajaja 150. sünniaastapäeva.
spread of liquor distilling. The spirits sold in Russia, the mash from the distilleries was used to fatten the cattle, whose manure was fertilizing the fields. At the same time, the lifestyle of the nobility and other Baltic Germans became far more refined. Taking advantage of the economic boom, they erected grand neo-classical mansions surrounded by splendid parks which adorn the Estonian landscape even today. Influences of Pietism and the Moravian Brethren Being joined to Russia did not mean isolation for Estonia. It belonged to the German cultural sphere and was therefore able to participate in pan-European cultural and spiritual movements. During the first half of the 18th century, the influence of Pietism grew in
Among its many twin towns and partners are Helsinki in Finland, Schwerin and Kiel in Germany, Stockholm and Malmö in Sweden, Gent in Belgium, Venice in Italy and Odessa in the Ukraine. 2. Toompea For centuries Toompea was always inhabited by the ruling classes. In the Middle ages, it was the place where the bishops and the nobility resided. Here the landed gentry built their beautiful town houses. Most of the remaining buildings were erected after the big fire on Toompea in 1684. Historically, the fortress on Toompea consisted of two parts : the small fortress (today's Toompea Castle) and the big fortress (The rest of Toompea). Pikk Hermann is the best-known corner tower among the three surviving ones of Toompea Castle. It is 46 metres high and serves as one of Estonia's landmarks. Tall Hermann was a traditional name given to the main towers of German castles. After the 50-year long Soviet occupation, the Estonian
called Britannia. Roman invasions and occupations of southern Scotland were a series of brief interludes. In 834 AD the general Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeated the Caledonians at the battle of Mons Graupius, and Roman forts were briefly set along the Gask Ridge close to the Highland line (none are known to have been constructed beyond that line). Three years after the battle the Roman armies had withdrawn to the Southern Uplands. They erected Hadrian's Wall to control tribes on both sides of the wall, and the Limes Britannicus became the northern border of the empire, although the army held the Antonine Wall in the Central Lowlands for two short periods--the last of these during the time of Emperor Septimius Severus from 208 until 210. The extent of Roman military occupation of any significant part of Scotland was limited to a total of about 40
Robobat, CSC or Sofistik. The increasing importance of mathematics is generating a new, almost surgical precision in building design and construction. The tolerance for conventional structural steel for low-rise construction, for example, has been in the range of +/- 5 – 10mm, a standard previously regarded as precise among building materials. But the inability of the computer to accept approximations now means that metals, with their inherent precision, can be fabricated and erected to much tolerances. This increased accuracy is accompanied by changes in measuring methods, both on the shop floor and on site (LeCuyer, 2003). The integration of CAD-CAM processes is changing the relationship between designers, fabricators and contractors. Formerly distanced by legal and contractual protocols, they are now collaborating more closely, with architects either supplying the geometric rulebook to consultants and contractors who then build their own three-dimensional
tresty of Northampton Effective, heroic king The Hammer of the Scots Edward I is known as the Hammer of Scots He intended to hammer Scots in to the ground and destroy them, instead he hammered them into a strong nation Campains to subdue Wales and Scotland Legal and administrative reform in England Eleanor Crosses Series of large stone monuments made for the memory of Edward I´s wife Queen Eleanor Were erected of the places where her funeral cortege rested on it s journey to London Only 2 of them have survived Bannockburn 1314 The battle of Bannockburn 1314 is a decisive battle in the Scottish history, English forces, led by edward II were crushed. It was the culimination of Scottish Wars of Independence After that Robert Bruce was recoignized as Robert I the king of Scotland Edward II, Queen Isabella, Roger Mortimer
sad time'. So she blamed the Devil for the deaths of many innocent people rather than accepting responsibility. In 1702 the General Court (legislature) of Massachusetts overturned the convictions for witchcraft and in 1711 they granted compensation to the relatives of the victims bringing the whole sorry episode to an end. In the early 18th century belief in witches died out. Finally in 1992 a memorial was erected to those who were wrongly executed at Salem. 'The Crucible' by Arthur Miller The Crucible is a 1953 play by Arthur Miller (19152005). It is a dramatization of the Salem witch trials. It was first staged in 1953, it was widely acclaimed as a metaphor for the recklessness of Joseph McCarthy and his spurious crusade against communism. After a group of young women is accused of witchcraft in the Puritan community of Salem, Mass
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