Changing the Guard · Perhaps the epitome of London's surviving pageantry can be found in the ceremonial Changing of the Guard. · A hugely popular spectacle, the Changing of the Guard takes place at a range of royal locations in and around · London daily during the summer and on alternate days for the rest of the year. · There is no ticketing, so make sure you get there early. · Ever since 1660 Household Troops have guarded the Sovereign Palaces. · The Palace of Whitehall was the main residence until 1689 and was guarded by the Household Cavalry.
documents, including Magna Carta, Bill of Rights and Reform Act. It is formed partly by statue law, partly by common law and partly by conventions. Fundamental law doesn´t exist in the United Kingdom. There can be distinguish three separate organs: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. Parliament, the law-making body, consists of three elements: the Monarchy, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. They meet together only on occasions of ceremonial significance, such as the state opening of Parliament. The Monarch's principle function is to carry out certain ceremonial duties. The Queen is regarded as national symbol and also as a symbol of the unity of the Commonwealth. The British monarch must be Protestant. The House of Commons consists of 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament. Its main purpose is to make laws by passing Acts of Parliament, as well as to discuss current political issues.
Lanuage + customs + weapons-> related to IROQUIS family of nations (Iroquis lived around Great Lakes) 1300 A.D. established in South East U.S Classical Cherokee Civilization 16th-19th centuries MATERINEAL-(,,mother line") women controlled home, family, children, inheritana, clan membership. Men hunted and made babies. Cherokee Wedding Ceremony- ¤groom brings meat(,,hunter") ¤ bride brings other food (grains, berries etc.) -> prooves that she's ,,homemaker" They step on the Ceremonial Blanket-> family. A girl got her name from older females. Boys were given a soft, sweet nickname. Boys got a new name, when they got older. Boy-> ,,Vision guest"-passage to adulthood. Ceremony->spirtual discovery. Holding man/medicine man/ shamom gives permanent name . ¤ The husband moves into the wifes village, allows to live there. Wifes were free to devorce. WEAPONS. Short spear (1 m) made from river reed (bamboo). Stone or bone tip/point. ,,Throwing stick" 1539
"tolerance" is gaining ground. On the contrary, in the majority of these nations, homophobia appears more violent today than ever before. The tendency is not, therefore, towards a general improvement, far from it. Family and Relationships · Adoption: 19 states allow gay and lesbian couples to adopt children in a complex and expensive twostep process, in which one parent first adopts and then the second can petition for joint rights. · Ceremonial Marriages: Same Sex Marriages may be officiated by church officials, or anyone else, but ceremonial marriages in and of themselves involve no civil laws and carry no legal benefits or responsibilities. · Domestic Partnership Registration: is a means by which some cities allow opposite and samesex couples to go on public record as a nonmarried couple. The major benefit is used to establish legal responsibility for debts after a relationship ends.
futures and global insurance Of the $3.98 trillion daily global turnover, trading in London accounted for around $1.36 trillion,or 34.1% of the total Canary wharf Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Sights The Guildhall - the ceremonial and administrative centre of the City St Paul's Cathedral Mansion House - the official residence of the Lord Mayor Leadenhall Market Dragon statue atop the Temple Bar monument, which marks the boundary between the City and Westminster. The Tower of London Finsbury Circus, the largest public open space in the City Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level
Estonia is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president. The president power is fairly limited. His functions are mainly ceremonial. He represents the country abroad. The executive power is exerted by the government which runs the state. The head of the government is the prime minister. The legislative power belongs to the parliament which is the law-making body. The laws must be promulgated by the president. The government consists of ministers. The number of which is about of dozen. Every ministry is headed by a minister. The Estonian judiciary is completely independent, it is governed by the chief justice
Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Who built Stonehenge? o The Druids o The Romans o Neolithic people o The Beaker people o The Greeks o The Saxons o The Wessex people o The Welsh o The Phoenicians Why was Stonehenge built? o for ceremonial burial ground ? o for ancient astronomical calendar? o as a temple for religious ceremonies? o as a cosmic temple dedicated to all twelve gods of the zadiac? o as a dance venue for prehistoric raves ? o as a source of healing energy? o as an eclipse calculator? o as an UFO landing site? The sandstones weigh up to 25 tons each and 30 were used. The bluestones weigh up to 4 tons each and 80 were used in all The sarsen stones weight up to 50 tons each
Town Hall and Town Hall Square History The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century. In its present form it was completed in 1404. The management of the city worked in the Town Hall until 1970. Since 1975 the Town Hall functions as the ceremonial building of the city government, but it also serves as a concert hall and a museum. The tower The tower was constructed together with the Town Hall in 1402 1404. The original Gothic pyramidal spire was replaced by a Late- Renaissance spire in 1627. The height of the Town Hall from the bottom of the arcade to the top of the spire is 64 meters. The spire was destroyed in an aerial bombing on March 9, 1944. It was rebuilt in 1952.
the world in terms of population )in london thers around 8 million people. England has the highest population density of four lands and scotland teh lowest. · The majority speeks english. 21 % of wales speak welsh( language of celtic origin). Allso thers scots gaelic and irish gaelic. · Britain is parliamentary democracy( people can vote who's over 18 ). The head of the state is a hereditary monarch eather f or m. Monarch plays a largely ceremonial role and must be impartial. The prime minister has a charge to run the country. · Britains's all 4 counties have ther own culture and national emblems: red rose for england, thistel for scotland, a daffodil for wales and a shamrock for northen ireland. · The national currensy is the british pound. Banknotes are issued in diffrent denominations. And also ther's coins · The uk has a lot of plaintful supplies of coal, gas and oil. Industrial revolution in 19th
the world in terms of population )in london thers around 8 million people. England has the highest population density of four lands and scotland teh lowest. · The majority speeks english. 21 % of wales speak welsh( language of celtic origin). Allso thers scots gaelic and irish gaelic. · Britain is parliamentary democracy( people can vote who's over 18 ). The head of the state is a hereditary monarch eather f or m. Monarch plays a largely ceremonial role and must be impartial. The prime minister has a charge to run the country. · Britains's all 4 counties have ther own culture and national emblems: red rose for england, thistel for scotland, a daffodil for wales and a shamrock for northen ireland. · The national currensy is the british pound. Banknotes are issued in diffrent denominations. And also ther's coins · The uk has a lot of plaintful supplies of coal, gas and oil. Industrial revolution in 19th
The most treasured possession of Scotland. otherwise known as the Stone of Scone. the monarchs of Scotland are traditionally crowned. The Great Hall built in 1513 orders of King James IV as the chief place of State Assembly. It still has its original Hammerbeam roof, one of the most important timber roofs in Scotland. was used for meetings of the Parliament of Scotland. it became a military hospital until 1887 still sometimes used for ceremonial occasions. Stained glass in the Great Hall One O'Clock Gun It is fired every day (except Sunday) at precisely 13:00, allowing citizens and visitors to check their clocks and watches. The origin of the tradition lies in the days before accurate timepieces, when sailing ships in the Firth of Forth needed a reliable time signal to check their marine chronometers. One O'Clock Gun
Confused dual executive (Chancellor vs. President) Solutions Judiciary, with Constitutional Court at its apex, reviewing constitutionality of laws Legislature - the Bundestag and Bundesrat passing laws Executive (Chancellor and government): proposing and implementing laws · Single executive: President downgraded to ceremonial role Federalism: distribution of responsibilities between central and regional government Bundesrat Bundestag · Four year fixed term Second Chamber (cf House of Lords) Represents German Länder (= devolved regions) in national politics · 656 members, half 16 Länder send delegations with voting weights in loose proportion
property of Charles Barry's design for the New Palace of Westminster. At the time when tower was in built, it was the highest secular building in the world. Nowadays the Big Ben is more famous than The Palace of Westminister. When a light at the top of the tower is on, then you can know that Parliament is sitting at night. The oldest part of the palace is called Westminister Hall. Westminister Hall was used for many purposes, like for judical functions and for ceremonial functions. Nowadays Westminister Hall is use for sitting three times a week. The Palace has many rules and traditions over the centuries. For example smoking has not been allowed since 2005. Hats must not be worn and members are not allowed to have their hands in their pockets. No animals may enter the Palace of Westminster, only guide dogs for the blind people and horses from the Royal stables. Today, The Palace of Westminister is famous place, where you can see a lot of tourist.
Palace, where many court functions were held. Buckingham House became known as the Queen's House, and 14 of George III's 15 children were born there. Buckingham Palace is not only the home of the Queen and Prince Philip but also the London residence of the Duke of York (Prince Andrew) and the Earl and Countess of Wessex (Prince Edward and his wife) and their daughter. The 19 State Rooms at the palace are regularly used by the Royal family to entertain guests on their State, ceremonial and official visits to the United Kingdom. During August and September the Queen makes her yearly visit to Scotland allowing the palace to open up these lavish rooms to the public. In 1993 the Royal family took the massive decision to open Buckingham Palace to tourists and the public as a way to increase income for the Royal household. Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms. These include 19 State rooms, 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms.
Irish Folk Music is the music and song in the national heritage. It includes older Irish songs and melodies, the Anglo-Irish songs and ballads of the countryside, and the rich vein of dance music. It relies on its melodic line for effect. In Gaelic speaking Ireland song entered into every aspect of life from birth to work to keening for the dead. The musical activity of the ruling class centered around Dublin. It was European music and very important at banquets and ceremonial occasions. Bagpipes Bagpipes, while not quite as ancient as the harp, have been played in Ireland three or four hundred years longer. The bagpipe features a bladder made of leather that is inflated through a pipe by the breath of the musician. The inflated bag is held under the arm and pressed with the elbow to force air through several reeded pipes that are attached to the bag. The musician plays by alternately covering the various holes on
1947. This was the first ceremony to be held after the Second World War. Duck Island Duck Island is the home to many wild breeds of beautiful ducks and bird life. There are many ducks; gulls; swans; geese; pelicans. Some rarer visitors are the golden eye, carrion crows, grey wagtail and shovelers. The Blue Bridge - Spectacular views from the bridge of Horse Guards, Whitehall, the London Eye and Buckingham Palace. The Mall - The Queens’ ceremonial route from Buckingham Palace and now also the finishing point of the London Marathon. There is also a children's playground, toilets and café’s. The park has five cafes that are open the whole year. International sporting events, including the London Marathon and the Tour de France, are held there. The park is also populaar for gentle relaxation with deck chairs for hire, regular guided walks and free bandstand concerts in summer. This is open 05.00 am to 0.00. The Park welcomes over 5
> The archways (1) lead through to a central courtyard. > The balcony (2) where the Royal family gathers to wave to the crowds on big occasions, was added in 1913 when this side of the building was redesigned and clad in the grey Portland stone. > Red tarmac on the forecourt (3) and along the Mall is used here to suggest red carpeting. > The North-centre gate (4) is the everyday entrance to Buckingham Palace, while the larger centre gates (5) are for ceremonial use. > When the Queen is at home, the yellow and crimson Royal Standard will be flying; the Union flag (6) flies when she is not. > The 40 minute ceremony of the changing of the Guard that takes place on the palace forecourt can be difficult to see through the palace railings and the tourist crowds
Navajo smiths began adding large chunks of stones, usually turquoise, to the silver in unique designs. Over time, they developed tools and techniques to stamp or engrave the metal. Today, Navajo jewelry is well known and highly valued by both Native and non-Native Americans. It remains a distinctive feature of Navajo history and culture. Basketry Navajos are also known for their basket work. They believe the First Man and First Woman made baskets for ceremonial purposes. Each part of the basket has a very distinct meaning. Like Navajo textiles, only women generally make baskets. Some Navajo baskets have specific symbols and colors, such as a red design to represent darkness and clouds, and a black triangular layer to represent all of the Holy People. The four Sacred Mountains are represented by a black triangle. Different tribes use different materials, weaving techniques, basket shapes, and characteristic patterns.
developed as early as AD 1100. By the seventeenth century it was well- established and had been documented by Jesuit priests, although the game has undergone many modifications since that time. In the traditional aboriginal Canadian version, each team consisted of about 100 to 1,000 men on a field that stretched from about 500 meters to 3 kilometers long. These lacrosse games lasted from sunup to sundown for two to three days straight. These games were played as part of ceremonial ritual to give thanks to the master. Field lacrosse There are ten players on each team: three attack, three midfielders, three defenders and a goalie. Each player carries a lacrosse stick. A "short crosse" measures between 40 inches (1.0 m) and 42 inches (1.1 m) long (head and shaft together) and is typically used by attackers or midfielders. A maximum of four players per team may carry a "long crosse" (sometimes called "long pole", "long stick" or "d- pole") which is 52 inches (1
common man. 2. The setting is vast in scope. It covers great geographical distances, perhaps even visiting the underworld, other wortlds, other times. 3. The action consists of deeds of valor or superhuman courage (especially in battle). 4. Supernatural forces interest themselves in the action and intervene at times. The intervention of the gods is called "machinery." 5. The style of writing is elevated, even ceremonial. 6. Additional conventions: certainly all are not always present) 1. Opens by stating the theme of the epic. 2. Writer invokes a Muse, one of the nine daughters of Zeus. The poet prays to the muses to provide him with divine inspiration to tell the story of a great hero. 3. Narrative opens in media res. This means "in the middle of things," usually with the hero at his lowest point
the centre of English power in Ireland for over seven centuries until it was taken of by the Irish Free State in 1922. Highlights include the 13th-century record tower, the largest visible fragment of the original Norman castle and the State Apartments, once the residence of English viceroys and now the focal point for government ceremonial functions, including the inauguration of Ireland's presidents. Blarney Blarney, known as 'the biggest little village in Ireland', is one of Ireland's most picturesque villages. Set in beautiful wooded countryside, just 8km (5 miles) from Cork City, it is an ideal base to visit the many wonderful sights of Cork and Kerry. NORTHEN IRELAND
The building history of the Town Hall goes back to the 13th century. In its present form it was completed in 1404. The management of the city worked in the Town Hall until 1970. Since 1975 the Town Hall functions as the ceremonial building of the city government, but it also serves as a concert hall and a museum. Tallinn Town Hall is the only surviving Gothic town hall in Northern Europe. It has still remained the most important representational building in
Modern Indigenous paintings are the most recent expression of this tradition, which is now acclaimed in Australia and internationally. Body painting, tree carving, bark painting, weaving and sculpture are other traditional Indigenous art forms. Contemporary Indigenous art also includes printmaking, fabric printing, ceramics and glassmaking. [infoplease] Indigenous peoples have a rich musical tradition and celebrate the deeds and journeys of their creator ancestors in ceremonial song and dance. New styles of Indigenous music have developed and merged with other musical genres, like rock music. The various Indigenous Australian communities developed unique musical instruments and folk styles. The didgeridoo, which is widely thought to be a stereotypical instrument of Aboriginal people, was traditionally played by people of only the eastern Kimberley region and Arnhem Land (such as the Yolngu), and then by only the men
com/stpauls/virtual_tour.htm Look inside the cathedral as well What is the difference between a cathedral and a church? Cathedral is bigger and more important Who was the architect of the present building and when was it built? Sir Christopher Wren. Was built between 1675-1720 Destination 6: The Tower of London Who started building the Tower in 1070s? William the Conqueror What do you call these men: Yeomen wardens What was their historical function? Ceremonial guardians of The Tower London and safeguard bitish crown jewels Why are they nicknamed "beefeaters"? right to eat as much beef as they wanted from the King's table The Tower has not always been a prison, but when was the last prisoner executed at the Tower? Josef Jakobs 1941 The Tower also displays certain Jewels. What are they exactly? Crown jewels How many resident ravens live in the Tower? At least 6 - rongad What is the legend about six ravens and the Tower about
Most immigrants currently arrive from South Asia, China, and the Carribean. 7. Which province has the highest percentage of population of British origin? Newfoundland of French origin? New France and One more province that has a large French-speaking population. Québec City 8. Compare the roles of the Governor General and the Prime Minister in Canada. The Governor General is the representative of the monarc and carries out most of the monarch's constitutional and ceremonial duties. The Governor General is appointed by the queen on advice from the Canadian Prime Minister The Prime Minister is the head of government 10. Who were the Loyalists, why and when did they move to Canada? Loyalists were American colonists, of different ethnic backgrounds, who supported the British cause during the American Revolution (1775–83). Tens of thousands migrated to British North America during and after the revolutionary war —
# The country was originally one of the most remote British colonies, and there are still some reminders of British colonial rule. Rugby and soccer - those most English of sports - are the two major competitive sports. Cricket and golf are also popular. Fiji hosted the Pacific Games in 2003, resulting in an increased interest in sports throughout the islands. Fire walking is still popular in Fiji - although today it is practiced mainly to entertain the tourists, rather than for ceremonial or ritual reasons. Fijian legend has it that a god once gave a Beqa warrior the ability to walk unharmed on fire, in return for a favor. A legend, perhaps, but there's no doubt that the stones used in this ritual are as hot today as they were then.
of magic stones and crystals. 5 Aborigines held a corroboreein which there were elements of music, song and movement that imitated or replicated animal movements, hunting prowess, battles or ceremonies of initiation that had been conducted for thousands of years. Corroborees are part of Aboriginal culture. They were not simply dances, but were highly significant events and belong to the Australian Aborigines. A corroboree is a ceremonial meeting of Australian Aborigines. The word was coined by the European settlers of Australia in imitation of the Aboriginal word caribberie. At a corroboree Aborigines interact with the Dreamtime through dance, music and costume. Many ceremonies act out events from the Dreamtime. Many of the ceremonies are sacred and people from outside a community are not permitted to participate or watch. The Australian Aborigines used a limited variety of implements to make musical sounds. The
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; elect the President; ratify significiant foreign treaties that impose military and properietary obligations; bring about changes in law; approve the budget presented by the government a law; monitor the executive power. The President of the Republic of Estonia is the Head of State of Estonia. The President has limited political power, but a representational function and the balancer of powers. The President is a ceremonial figureheas with no executive power. The Head of State of Estonia must be independent both professionally and also politically from political parties. The current Estonian President is Toomas Hendrik Ilves. Technological factors Estonia has a highly developed telecommunications and IT infrastructure. A fibre optic backbone network connects all Estonian country centres. In 2015, all Estonian households, enterprises and institutions have access to broadband with a data connection speed of up to
Parliament regulates taxation and adopts the State budget. Only permanent residents of Estonia who are at least 18 years of age have the right to vote and to choose the members of Parliament. The top executive institution in the country, the Government of Estonia headed by the Prime Minister, conducts the nation's daily domestic and foreign policy, and directs the work of government institutions. Estonia's Head of State is the President. However, his or her role is largely representative and ceremonial and he or she holds no executive power. The president is elected by the Riigikogu for a five-year term. If no candidate secures a two-third majority in Riigikogu after three rounds of balloting, a special electoral body elects the president, choosing between the two candidates with the largest percentage of votes. The President cannot be elected for more than two consecutive terms. Estonia is a member of the European Union and of the eurozone and, according to the IMF, an advanced economy
It is also different from the other cities because it is 120 kilometres from the sea. It was designed by an American, Walter Burley Griffin, in 1912, and became the capital of Australia on 1927. this beautiful city has thousands of trees, and a big lake in its centre. Culture The oldest skeleton found in Australia was at Lake Mungo in New South Wales. Archeologists believe it is 38,00 years old and it carried traces of ceremonial paint. Aborigines were nomads. Originally, they didn't have a sense of land ownership, although Aboriginal children were taught from an early age that they belonged to the land and must repect tribal boundaries. Tribes returned to particular places to bury their dead. Some places, like Uluru, were sacred because they were associated with the "Dreamtime", the time when the earth was formed and cycles of life and nature were begun.
It is the core of London from which, along with Westminster, the modern city grew. The City's boundaries have remained constant since the Middle Ages, and hence it is now only a tiny part of the larger London metropolis. The City was originally surrounded by a defensive wall, known as "London Wall", which was built by the Romans to protect their strategic port city. The City of London borders the City of Westminster to the west. The City of London is England's smallest ceremonial county by both population and area covered and is the second smallest British city in both population and size, after St. David's in Wales. 5. The City of Westminster The City of Westminster is a borough of London with city status. The city contains most of London's West End and is the seat of the United Kingdom's government, with the Palace of Westminster, Buckingham Palace, Whitehall and the Royal Courts of Justice. The City of
As it stands today though, few of the castle's structures pre-date the Lang Siege of the 16th century, with the notable exception of St Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, which dates from the early 12th century.As with all castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity. As an ancient fortress Edinburgh Castle is one of the few that still has a military garrison, albeit for largely ceremonial and administrative purposes. The New Barrack Block is now home to the official headquarters of the Royal Regiment of Scotland and 52 Infantry Brigade, as well as home to the regimental museum of the Royal Scots and Royal Scots Dragoon Guards. The Governor of Edinburgh Castle is Major General David McDowall, GOC of the British Army's 2nd Division. The Governor of the Castle has always been the head of the Army in Scotland. Direct administration of the castle by the War
personal armours and weapons. Among the armour on display in the White Tower Armoury are four suits of Henry VII. They are of different sizes because Henry grew fatter with age. The Tower is guarded by the Yeoman Warders, a company of 38 ex-servicemen (also known as the Beefeaters). Usually they are seen in the dark blue uniforms with red decorations, but on state occasions they wear the scarlet and gold uniforms with a white neck ruff and a special bonnet. Among their duties is the ceremonial closing of the gates each evening, the 700 year-old Ceremony of the Keys, at which the Chief Warder presents the of the Tower to the Resident Governor. It had been thought that there have been at least six ravens in residence at the tower for centuries. The legend says that if the ravens ever leave the Tower of London, the White Tower, the monarchy, and the entire kingdom would fall. Charles, following the time of the English Civil War, superstition or not, was not
· Houses the Parliament since 1550 · Destroyed in 1834 in a fire · Westminster Hall survived the fire · New house built for parliament in 1840s( Sir Charles Barry) · Queen rules symbolically, actual power - parliament · House of Lords double-check the laws · House of Commons discuss politics and make laws · Opening of Parlianent- in November · Westminster Hall- oldest existing part, used as a court and a ceremonial hall, erected by William II in 1097 · Big Ben actually only the Bell(16 tons)- largest in the UK · Clock tower built in 1288 · 3rd tallest clock tower in the world, biggest four-faced clock in the world · Burned down along with the Houses in 1834, rebuilt after Westminster Abbey · Dedicated to St. Peter · Owned by the royal family · Next to Houses of Parliament · Edward the Confessor built 1045-1050
the Arabs associated specific colors with dynasties and individual leaders. Another interpretation of the Arab colours, from the last century, and based on the words of the poet Safi al-Din al-H'ily In the West, flags were introduced during the Crusades, and derived from the struggles between Christians and Muslims. In the Christian world the practice of bestowing banners previously blessed by the Pope became a tradition of high significance at this time and followed the ceremonial forms set by pre-Christian Rome. These banners were generally called `pallia' and like the previously mentioned cloak of Mohammed, they were originally garments. It is interesting to note that pallia were dedicated to St. Augustine (354-430), Charlemagne (742- 814), and William the Conqueror (1028-1087). The cloak of St. Martin was another garment that was turned into a flag, which later became a cult object of Frankish kings and even influenced the
The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigikogus, with 19 justices. The Chief Justice is appointed by the parliament for nine years on nomination by the president. The official Head of State is the President of Estonia, who gives assent to the laws passed by Riigikogu, also having the right of sending them back and proposing new laws. The president, however, does not use these rights very often, having a largely ceremonial role. He or she is elected by Riigikogu, with two-thirds of the votes required. If the candidate does not gain the amount of votes neded, the right to elect the president goes over to an electoral body, consisting of the 101 members of Riigikogu and representatives from local councils. 16.Conclusion Estonians are a people who are very proud of who they are and what they do. The country may be small, but it's the people who make it what it really is.
It lies on the north bank of the River Thames[note 1] in the heart of the London borough of the City of Westminster, close to the historic Westminster Abbey and the government buildings of Whitehall and Downing Street. The name may refer to either of two structures: the Old Palace, a medieval building complex most of which was destroyed in 1834, and its replacement New Palace that stands today; it has retained its original style and status as a royal residence for ceremonial purposes. The Palace is one of the centres of political life in the United Kingdom; "Westminster" has become a metonym for the UK Parliament, and the Westminster system of government has taken its name after it. Westminster Abbey - Westminster Abbey is a Gothic monastery church in London that is the traditional place of coronation and burial for English monarchs. Neither a cathedral nor a parish church, Westminster Abbey is a place of worship owned by the royal family.
Constructed in 8 C by king Offa- ruler of Anglian kingdom of Mercia Dyke was to place boundary between his domain and Welsh kingdom of Powys 20 m wide, 8 m high A defensive work, nowadays border still folllows the remains of Offas dyke Redwald Sutton Hoo Redwald was a king ofEast Anglia, whose burial was opened in 1939 at Sutton Hoo of the East Anglian coast Redwald was buried in a ship under a mound, with his armour, weapons, treasures Ceremonial whetstsone can be scarcely anything than a sceptre Treasure is now in British museum Alfred the Great and the rise of Wessex to cultural pre-eminence Alfred the Great was the king of southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, stands out for his social and educational reforms and for military successes against Danes Improved the army and navy, bought vessels bigger than vikings The first town planner By 880s Wessex was covered with public strongholds,
(3) to 20 feet high. (A) an immense (B) a striking (C) an attractive (D) a plentiful 22. The evolution of agriculture in the early years of the twentieth century was characterized by the partial mechanization of the sowing and reaping processes. (A) created (B) enriched (C) accelerated (D) typified 23. One of the most striking aspects of Indian cultures was the production of ceremonial costumes and ornaments worn during religious rituals. (A) absurd (B) remarkable (C) arbitrary (D) spontaneous 24. The innovative use of iron and steel in construction represented an important advancement in the building industry of the 1800s. (A) improvement (B) element (C) influence (D) occasion 25. Professional interior design assignment are typically complex endeavors that begin with an interview with the client. (A) personal (B) intricate
86 [Nelson 79] Andrew Nathaniel Nelson, The Modern Reader's JapaneseEnglish Character Dictionary , Charles E. Tut- tle, 1979 [NK 57] Pent Nurmekund, ¨ Veljesto Kirjas- Keeltemaailm , EUS tus, Tartu 1997 [Postgate 95] Nicholas Postgate, Tao Wang, Toby Wilkinson, The Evidence for Early Writing: Utilitarian or Ceremonial? , Antiquity 1995, vol 69, no. 264. pp. 45980 [Raud 99] Rein Raud, Kiri ja pilt hiina luules , Vikerkaar 5/6, lk. 1348, 1999 [Rundell 99] Michael Rundell, Dictionary Use in Production , Inter- national Journal of Lexicography, vol. 12, no. 1, March 1999 [ 99] AERA No. 27 99.6.28 (Shigekuni Sat¯o, Kanji de satsukeru wakamonotachi no ky¯oy¯o , AERA 99.6.28) [ 85] ,
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