THE BRONTE
SISTERS
CHARLOTTE
EMILY
ANNE
BIOGRAPHY
FATHER – AN IRISH PROTESTANT, A
CLERGYMAN IN YORKSHIRE
MOTHER DIED IN THEIR CHILDHOOD
VIVID IMAGINATION – DRAWING, WRITING
AND TELLING STORIES
EDUCATED AT A CHARITY SCHOOL
GOVERNESSES
“ POEMS BY CURRER, ELLIS AND ACTON
BELL”
CAHRLOTTE 1816-1855
THE PROFESSOR
(1857)
JANE EYRE (1847)
SHIRLEY (1849)
VILLETTE ( 1853 )
JANE EYRE
GREATLY AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL
REALISTIC PICTURES + ROMANTICISM
WOMAN ’S PROBLEMS AND SOUL – LONELINESS,
POVERTY , SOCIAL INSIGNIFICANCE
Friendrich Engels(The Condition of the Working Class), Karl Marx(The Communist Manifesto 1848), Elizabeth Gaskell(Mary Barton), Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, William Makepeace Thackeray. ``The Woman Question" women wanted more rights, the role of women changed, women did efforts to move beyond the home, women forced into new kinds of labour, Jane Eyre tyoe of women versus feminists(two types). Representatives: The Brontë sisters Emily, Anne, Charlotte, George Elliot. Great Britain's identity as an imperial power Joseph Chamberlain British had the moral obligation to expand its influence around the globe("great governing race"). Benjamin Kidd social evolutionist, supported the British dominion, Europeans had a greater capacity for ruling justification of British actions overseas. British expansion pushed forward at an unprecedented rate a new era of cultural exchange(that altered the British worldview)
On 23 December 1863, after returning from dining out and before dressing for bed, Thackeray suffered a stroke and was found dead on his bed in the morning Thackeray began as a satirist and parodist, with a sneaking fondness for roguish upstarts like Becky Sharp in Vanity Fair, Barry Lyndon in The Luck of Barry Lyndon and Catherine in Catherine. Charlotte Brontë Charlotte Brontë was a British novelist, the eldest of the three famous Brontë sisters whose novels have become standards of English literature. Charlotte Brontë is best known for Jane Eyre, one of the most famous of British novels. Charlotte Brontë was born in Thornton, Yorkshire, England, the third of six children. In August 1824, Charlotte was sent with three of her sisters; Emily, Maria and Elizabeth, to the Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge in Lancashire (which she would describe as Lowood School in Jane Eyre). At home in Haworth Parsonage, Charlotte and the other
Emily Bronte – Wuthering Heights, critics presumed was written by a woman. Not understood by her contemporaries. Controversial issues, such as incest, self-‐starvation, violent love and power. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre – best received work of the sisters. A version of the Byronic hero, but undermines its principles. The novel takes from both the romantic and realist tradition. A female bildungsroman – coming-‐of-‐age story. Beginning of the Victorian Age – rise of the realist movement. In part appeared a reaction to romanticism
British Literature in the 20th-21st Century REVISION QUESTIONS 1. The Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th century. New developments in science and philosophy. The essence and influence of Freudian theory. Contradictory, diverse, chaotic 20th c- simultaneous rejection and invocation of the past. While modernists apotheosized the creative geniuses of the past, they also rejected old poetic forms. Challenge old and established beliefs and more and more people had access to books and education more people went to universities. profound change in morals: · No universal value and perspective on things · Multiple truths, multiple perspectives · Nothing has inherent (kaasasündinud, sisemist) importance · Life lacks purpose Science: Albert Einstein-general theory of relativity had a huge impact on culture as well. Everything is relative. Philosophy: Henri Bergson (French) came to challenge the
1. The Jacobean masque Elizabethan one nation culture, now cultural polarisation between the new courtly culture and the rest of the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson. Divine minds of this incomparable pair. Arts role – to
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony, it would be the American Enlightenment. Broadly
Ameerika Kirjandus 30.01.13 Naturalism · France, Emile Zola · Put down his theory in 1879: Le Roman Experimental, attempt to explain the development of human society throuch biological laws · Outlook is deterministic, pessimistic, fatalistic (fate or biology) · Man as an animal-clever than other beasts, still explainable within the framework · Man is not a free agent, is govern by something · Unable to determine his own faith · Hereditary · Naturalists tried to apply in fiction the processes of natural sciences · Writers task is to record facts, systems of behaviour, living conditions, never revealing any natural unbiased (completely natural) · Point of view: amoral-outside the category of morality, neither good or bad · Naturalist find it absurd to blame the wicked. These criminals are doing what nature, environment, their unconscious tells them to do. Naturalists do not judge their characters, they sim
Rudyard Kipling - One of the most memorable English writers of all time Family of Joseph Rudyard Kipling Mother- Alice MacDonald Kipling. Alice Kipling (one of four remarkable Victorian sisters) was a vivacious woman about whom a future Viceroy of India would say, "Dullness and Mrs. Kipling cannot exist in the same room."[3] Father - John Lockwood Kipling. Lockwood Kipling, a sculptor, an illustrator, museum curator and pottery designer, was the principal and professor of architectural sculpture at the newly- founded Sir Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy School of Art and Industry in Bombay. Later in life Kipling illustrated many of Rudyard Kipling's books, and other works. Kipling also remained editor of the Journal of Indian Art and Industry, which carried drawing works from the students of the Mayo School. COUPLE named their son after the place they had first met Rudyard Lake. Alice Kipling Fleming - Sister of British author Rudyard Kipling who became a well-known psychic, producing automa
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