www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again. He ... (step) out of his father's car when the bell rang. 7 Helen ... (lie) on the sofa when an ambulance stopped in front of the house. 8 I ... (give) this report from inside the school radio studio. Right now, the two teams ... (take) their places on the football field. 9 Mrs Watson ... (make) her speech when the girls rushed in. --- 4 2
järgneb öeldis. Abitegusõna do/does/did ei lisata. What happened? Which is the best restaurant? Who left the room? Practise: Ask someone: 1. what the time is. 2. what he/she did last night. 3. what sort of books he/she likes reading. 4. how he/she is. 5. how he/she usually gets home from here. 6. when he/she got up this morning. 7. when he/she first visited Helsinki. 8. how long he's/she's been learning English. 9. how long it takes him/her to get home from here. 10. where he/she lives. 11. where he/she went last summer. 12. which pop group he/she likes? 13. which country he/she comes from. 14. why he's/she's learning English. 14 Practise: Write questions. Use the words in brackets + do/does. Put the words in the right order. 1 (where/live/your parents?) Where do your parents live?
10 I've just/already come home and I'm very tired. ________________________________ Marks: /10 3 Rewrite these sentences correcting the mistakes. 1 How long you have lived in that flat? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 It has been rained for two days. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 I don't never have seen a famous person. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 He still hasn't been hearing that record. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Macmillan Publishers Limited 2001. This sheet may be photocopied for use in class
interests of students. But certainly the most numerous is the Scout Association, founded in 1908 for boys and in 1910 for girls by Lord Baden-Powel. The Scout movement is to encourage a sense of adventure and of responsibility for others among young people. The programme of training is planned to develop intelligence and practical skills, to promote health and a sense of service. Scout training is complementary to the ordinary education. Scouts train in mapping, signalling, first aid and all the skills that arise from camping and similar outdoor activities. British scouts take part in international scout meetings, which are held approximately every four years. The membership in this or that youth organization is not compulsory in Great Britain. But everyone can find the activity he likes most. Climate in Great Britain The British Isles which are surrounded by the ocean have an insular climate.
4Use a capital letter for the first letter in a sentence: The dog is barking. Come here! 4Always use a capital letter for the word I : I am eight years old. Tom and I are good friends. 4Use a capital letter for the names of people: Alice, Tom, James, Kim, Snow White 4Use a capital letter for the names of places: National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento 4Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays, days of the week, months of the year: New Year's Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mother's Day, Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October Exercise 1 Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space above them. 1 peter and i are good friends. we are going to chicago during our summer 2 vacation. 3 there is an interesting football game on sunday. 4 jason lives on thomson avenue.
It so happened that a florist shop came up for sale in my area and I couldn't resist the idea of running it. So I bought it, took on the existing staff and I haven't looked back. I think a lot of people are creative. Once they find an outlet for it, they find they want to do it all the time. But it's not just the creative side of my new career that I love. I also enjoy the contact with people and the business side. Some days I don't make as much money as others, but generally it's going well. Then there's the complete lack of stress. These days, I go home feeling relaxed. I haven't given up pharmacy altogether. One day a week I still work for Boots, who I locum for. I like keeping a toe in the water of pharmacy because it was never something I hated just something I found I didn't want to do all the time." The 10 most popular second careers Plumber Many organisations offer short, intensive training courses
that this fact is untrue. [VERB] + s/es in third person USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Examples: Future · You speak English. · Do you speak English? · You do not speak English. USE 1 Repeated Actions Examples: · The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. · The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. · When do we board the plane? Examples: · The party starts at 8 o'clock. · When does class begin tomorrow? · I play tennis.
Decisions expressed with going to refer to a more distant point in the future. Present Continuous Present Continuous describes fixed arrangements, especially social and travel arrangements. A time reference is usually included. I’m meeting Mary at 5 o’clock. John’s seeing his dentist tomorrow. 3 Present Simple 1. We use the Present Simple for future when we are talking about a timetable, usually a public one such as a train timetable. The train leaves at five twenty-five tomorrow morning. The football match starts at half past five. I’ve got the tour details here. We spend three days in Rome. 2. Present Simple is also used to describe fixed events which are not simply the wishes of the speaker. Tom retires in three years. It's all go - next week I have my operation; then the week after that I go on holiday... 3. Similarly, calendar references use the Present Simple.
Products and service 3.2 Describe the basic product/service you are going to sell: I am importing canned food (meat products and ready meals) from Estonia. This is speciality meat that I know is hard to find in the United Kingdom, but it is popular for Eastern Europeans, who have recently come to the United Kingdom. These products will be sold initially in the Leicester Estonian House bar by Leicester Estonian House staff. And also on the Leicester Market Stall by me. Starting off with 2 days a week in Leicester Estonian House (on Fridays 6.30pm-11pm and on Sundays 12pm-3pm) and then increasing the days in Leicester Market (on Saturdays) as the demand grows, alternatively move to another site. 3.3 Describe the different types of product/service you are going to be selling: I am going to sell high quality and value for money meat products, for example: Wild Boar, Elk, Venison, Turkey, Lamb, Chicken, Beef, and Pork in Its own Juice.
......................................................... 7 Prepositions of Place – in & on with travelling ..................................................... 8 Prepositional Phrases ......................................................................................... 8 Prepositions of Time – in, on & at • in is used with centuries, decades, years, seasons and months, parts of the day, periods of time • on is used with dates, special days, days of week, day of week + part of day, day + of ... • at is used with holidays, exact time, meals and with night in on at • the 20th century • the 29th of November • Christmas / Easter • the Middle ages /August the first • six o’clock / 7.30 • the 1980s • Christmas Day / New • midday / noon /
8. The old man who was standing on the corner yelled at the kids who were playing in the street. 9. While they were hiking on Ridgeback Mountain, Laurelle and Frank saw a bear in the woods. 10. They have a small house on a lake in the countryside. When I visit them, I always love to sit on the shore and watch the kids swimming in the lake. Ermo Altmäe 011PK Location Prepositions 2 Multiple Choice Exercise Correct! Well done. Your score is 14%. 1. You can buy your rail passes at the ticket counter in any train station in the country. 2. The brown bears found on Kodiak Island are the largest in the world. 3. There is no life on the moon, but there are many forms of life on the ocean floor. 4. She bought her wedding dress in an exclusive shop on Fifth Avenue. 5. Nathan was able to exchange money at the exchange counter in the airport. 6. If you want anything to eat, there is a freshly baked chocolate cake on the table in the kitchen and plenty of food in the refrigerator. 7
in London Londonisse in Estonia Eestisse to gather at the bus- stop bussipeatusse kogunema in the hall saali to hide sth. in the cellar midagi keldrisse peitma in the garden aeda to leave sth. in the train midagi rongi unustama at home koju to remain at home koju jääma 2 KUS? WHERE? KUHU? WHERE TO? to set in the west läände loojuma to sit down at the table laua äärde istuma
Thinner, Bigger, Faster, Stronger? How to Use This Book FUNDAMENTALS--FIRST AND FOREMOST The Minimum Effective Dose: From Microwaves to Fat-Loss Rules That Change the Rules: Everything Popular Is Wrong GROUND ZERO--GETTING STARTED AND SWARAJ The Harajuku Moment: The Decision to Become a Complete Human Elusive Bodyfat: Where Are You Really? From Photos to Fear: Making Failure Impossible SUBTRACTING FAT BASICS The Slow-Carb Diet I: How to Lose 20 Pounds in 30 Days Without Exercise The Slow-Carb Diet II: The Finer Points and Common Questions Damage Control: Preventing Fat Gain When You Binge The Four Horsemen of Fat-Loss: PAGG ADVANCED Ice Age: Mastering Temperature to Manipulate Weight The Glucose Switch: Beautiful Number 100 The Last Mile: Losing the Final 510 Pounds ADDING MUSCLE Building the Perfect Posterior (or Losing 100+ Pounds) Six-Minute Abs: Two Exercises That Actually Work
garage. 2 1 Animal Farm and Nineteen 9 drawbacks/disadvantages 8 We'll have to tighten our belts to Eighty-Four. 10 creates avoid getting into debt. 2 In Paris. 11 consequences 3 His new employer had gone on Challenge! 3 4 What are the pros and cons of holiday. Students' own answers online shopping?
Charles John Huffam Dickens was the foremost English novelist of the Victorian era, as well as a vigorous social campaigner. Considered one of the English language's greatest writers, he was acclaimed for his rich storytelling and memorable characters, and achieved massive worldwide popularity in his lifetime. Charles Dickens was born in Landport, Portsmouth in Hampshire, the second of eight children to John Dickens n 7 February 1812. The 12-year-old Dickens began working ten hour days in a Warren's boot-blacking factory. In May 1827, Dickens began work in the office of Ellis and Blackmore as a law clerk. At the age of seventeen, he became a court stenographer and, in 1830, met his first love, Maria Beadnell. Maria's parents disapproved of the courtship and effectively ended the relationship when they sent her to school in Paris. In 1834, Dickens became a political journalist, reporting on parliamentary debate and
You'd love africa. The most excited part of the holiday was hot-air baloon safari last week. It was amazing ! we floated quietly above all these teams of wild animals. The scenery absolutely was breathtaking. I've never seen nothing like it before. As soon as I will get back, I'll phone you and tell you all about it. Till then, take care. Love, Fiona TASK 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the Present Perfect . 1.We ................... (arrive) two days ago but we ................... (not/see) any of the sights yet; so far we ............................ (spend) our time just relaxing. 2. I ................... (be) so busy lately that I ................... (not/have) time to do anything. I ................... (go) out last night for the first time in weeks! 3. Bob ................... (fly) to Rome yesterday. He ................... (go) on a business trip and I really miss him; it's the first time we ................... (be) apart since we .....
(=do you want me to open the window). •Where shall we go tonight? (=what's your opinion?). PRESENT CONTINUOUS PRESENT SIMPLE AM/IS/ARE + ING (AM INFINITIVE (WORK;WORKS) WORKING) We talk about things that we have We talk about events in the future already arranged to do in the which are 'timetabled'. future. •My plane leaves at 6 in the •I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on morning. Thursday. •The shop opens at 9.30. •I'm seeing Julie at 5 and then I'm •The sun rises a minute earlier having dinner with Simon. tomorrow. •He's picking me up at the Note the difference between: airport. *The plane leaves in ten minutes
Disassemble, move by rail beginning 1939. They know what happened in Spain, total war. Disproportionate # of Js in SU industry, moved E. Js involved in evacuation because of potential for betraying, wealthy capitalists? Crimean factories moved on kurdish straits. Uk factories not moved, Ger war too fast. Month and a half, most J kolkhozes moved. Also evacuated govt officials, those at risk. Also unorganized evacuation, not govt sponsored, those who had feeling, foot, train, cart, sometimes on own, sometimes sponsored by local or abroad org, hundreds of thousands. Many also leaving from C and W Europe. Hundreds of thousands E of Urals where almost no Js were before 1941, not GULag inmates, free SU citizens, living marginally, some employed. During war, major food and housing shortages, no infrastructure. Exiled suspect pops, class, natl enemies, tens of thousands from Crimean, Germans, Bulgarians, Tatars, once war started 41
7. When do you last go to a concert? What concert was it? 8. Have you ever been to an openair concert? What was it like? 9. Do you sing at family parties? Where else Estonians like to sing? 10. Have you got a collection of cassettes, CD´s or LP´s at home? 11. Have you watched a ballet on TV? 12. Which do you prefer ballet, drama or musical? 13. How often do you go to the theatre? 14. Do you prefer going to the theatre or watching TV? Why? 15. Do you prefer buying a cheap ticket and getting a seat at the back or spending more money and sitting in the front? Why? 16. Do you prefer going to the theatre with your family or friends? Why? 17. How old were you when you first went to see a puppet show? Do you remember what it was? 18. Who is your favourite actor/actress? 19. What performance or concert would you like to see if it were possible? Why? 20. Have you got a drama club at your school? Are you a member of it? 21. Have you ever worn a costume? When? Why? 22
• before some parts of the day: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening I will phone you in the evening. • when referring to time in broad terms: the past, the present, the future In the past people’s lifespan was much shorter. • when talking about institutions in broad terms and musical instruments if we play them: the cinema, the theatre, the radio; the piano, the guitar I hardly ever go to the theatre these days. My sister plays the guitar. Names that take the Definite Article In the English language there are proper nouns (names which are unique to people and places) and common nouns (names denoting things in general). Normally, proper names are used without an article (Mary Brown, John Smith; Eastern Europe, America). However, there are many exceptions. The exceptions are: • names of the countries when they include a common noun:
to prove the dead man was Robert Underhay, and Poirot produces Major Porter, who knew Underhay in Africa. At the inquest, despite Rosaleen's protests that the dead man was not Robert, Porter confirms that Arden was indeed her first husband. The estate will revert to the Cloades. Rosaleen has a strong alibi for the time of the murder since she was in the London flat that evening. David has only a weak alibi: down from London for the day, he met Lynn on his dash to catch the last train to London leaving at 9:20 pm, and evidently telephoned her from the London flat shortly after 11 pm. Since the murder is believed to have taken place shortly before 9 pm, he had enough opportunity and motive to be arrested. David's alibi improves when it is discovered that a heavily made-up woman in an orange headscarf left Arden's room after 10 p.m. The investigation shifts back to the female Cloades, but Poirot discovers that the immediate
I think you'd better see the doctor. (NOT I think you have better see the doctor.) We'd better ask John to help us. 11. Use the present progressive am playing, is raining etc to talk about things that are continuing at the time of speaking. I'm playing very badly today. (NOT I play very badly today.) Look! It's raining! (NOT Look! It rains!) 12. Use for with a period of time. Use since with the beginning of the period. for the last two hours = since 9 o'clock for three days = since Monday for five years = since I left school I've been learning English for five years. (NOT I've been learning English since three years.) We've been waiting for ages, since eight o'clock. 13. Don't separate the verb from the object. VERB OBJECT She speaks English very well . (NOT She speaks very well English.) Andy likes skiing very much. (NOT Andy likes very much skiing.) 14. Don't use the present perfect have/has seen, have/has gone etc with words
Morris was keen on sports. 9. Change these sentences from the Active to the Passive Voice. ( 5 points ) e.g. Tom locked the door. The door was locked by Tom. 1) Bob will finish the work tomorrow. 2) Ernest Hemingway wrote this novel. 3) They print this newapaper in Tallinn. 4) They cancelled all flights because of fog. 5) Dangerous driving causes many accidents. 10. I Change the sentences into General Questions. ( 5 points ) 1) Miss bell went to Tartu by train. 2) The Millers will go to Oxford next week. 3) Carol has lived here for ten years. 4) My father is reading a book now. 5) Mr. Jackson works at school. II Complete the sentences using Tag Questions. ( 5 points ) 1) These apples weren`t very good,........? 2) The boys took a taxi,........? 3) English isn`t very difficult,........? 4) You don`t like watching comedies,........? 5) You`aren`t seventeen,........? 11
Essay : What age you would choose to be if you could stay the same age forever ? Appearance Health Daily routine Health Independence Winsdom Do you really want to live forever, forever and ever? What’s the use of everlasting life if we can’t maintain a youthful spirit? Better to die with a hopeful eye on the future than to have such a long empty difficult life though eternity. To begin with ,if most of us one day have the opportunity to extend our lives indefinitely, how will that change the dynamics of society and culture? A typical person living to 80 years of age goes through several dramatic changes in his lifetime: his opinions and attitudes change, his interests, his friends, his career, sometimes even how he remembers the past. Imagine how much change would take place in a thousand years of life! We wouldn’t be a shadow of the persons we once were.
They play every kind of music under the sun (33) ____ Drum & Bass, Hip Hop, Garage, Reggae, Funk, Jazz and Soul.International stars have also (34) ____ on Notting Hill's stages, such as Wyclef Jean, Mighty Sparrow, Freddie McGregor, Burning Spear. The Carnival has its (35) ____ in the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Trinidadians are suitably (36) ____ as the Carnival draws on all aspects of their cultural heritage from both Europe and Africa. However, these days the Notting Hill Carnival (37) ____ people from all over the world. Groups from Bulgaria, Russia, Afghanistan, the Philippines and Brazil are positively (38) ____ to join the festival and add to the cultural melting pot. The Carnival is a mixture of colour, music, and pure human (39) ____ . There are so many people it is sometimes difficult to work out what's going on. When you go try to see if you can experience a little bit of the five different musical themes that (40) ____ the
English. For instance, the word railroad itself is used more prominently in American English. The earlier practice of rail road instead of railroad, was dismissed over time, even though several roads still maintain it in their names (e.g. Long Island Rail Road). Railway is mostly used for urban and interurban electric railways (e.g. San Francisco Municipal Railway). In British English, the preferred term is railway. In the early days of the railways, railroad (rail road or rail-road) was often used, until railway became preferred in 1850s. Other differences in terminology: In British English, single ticket is used instead of the American one-way ticket. In the American context, single would mean “only one”. Also, round trip ticket is used in the U.S., while return ticket in the UK. In American English, train schedule is referred to with the word schedule, while in British English timetable is employed instead
Montoya sees bullfighting as something sacred, and he respects and admires Jake for his genuine enthusiasm about it. Montoya takes a paternal interest in the gifted young bullfighter Pedro Romero and seeks to protect him from the corrupting influences of tourists and fame. Frances Clyne - Cohn's girlfriend at the beginning of the novel. A manipulative status-seeker, Frances was highly domineering early in their relationship and persuaded Cohn to move to Paris. As her looks begin to fade, she becomes increasingly possessive and jealous. Count Mippipopolous - A wealthy Greek count and a veteran of seven wars and four revolutions. Count Mippipopolous becomes infatuated with Brett, but, unlike most of Brett's lovers, he does not subject her to jealous, controlling behavior. Amid the careless, amoral pleasure-seeking crowd that constitutes Jake's social circle, the count stands out as a stable, sane person. Like Pedro Romero, he serves as a foil for Jake
his knee. 2 6. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective. This is the case with hard, fast, late. Adjective Adverb Jack is a very fast runner. Jack can run very fast. Ann is a hard worker. Ann works hard. Ann hardly ever works hard. The train was late. Tom got up late this morning. NB! hardly means very little, nearly not; hard means very much 7. Many adverbs end in -ly, because many adjectives can be made into adverbs by adding –ly. E.g. quick/quickly, slow/slowly, brave/bravely, careful/carefully, bad/badly: They didn’t go out because it was raining heavily. Colin was disappointed to see how badly his son had done at the exam. NB
e Increased coverage of how compliance they've seen a principle work on principles work in other cultures. or for them. Reader's Reports have New insights are derived from the become the most popular feature of research findings, sayings, and customs the book. Boston. New York • San Francisco Mexico City • Montreal • Toronto • London • Madrid • Munich • Paris Hong Kong • Singapore • Tokyo • Cape Town • Sydney Acquisitions Editor: Michelle Limoges Editorial Assistant: Christina Manfroni Executive Marketing Manager: Wendy Gordon Production Supervisor: Liz Napolitano Editorial Production Service: Modern Graphics, Inc. Manufacturing Buyer: JoAnne Sweeney Electronic Composition: Modern Graphics, Inc. Interior Design: Modern Graphics, Inc. Photo Researcher: Rachel Lucas Cover Design: Joel Gendron
Continents, towns and streets don't have an article. "Africa", "New York", "Church Street". Theatres, cinemas and hotels have 'the'. "The Odeon", "The Almeira", "The Hilton". We use 'the' before classes of people. "the rich", "the poor", "the British". Prepositions: TIME: English Usage Example on days of the week On Monday in months/seasons In August/in winter time of day in the morning year in 2009 after a certain period of time (when?) in an hour
4 Let me talk about the reality here. Let’s assume that you live in Lagos, Nigeria and you want to make a call to Cotonou in Benin Republic, which is less than 100 miles away. You pick up the phone and dial. In most cases, the phone will not have a dial tone, and then the call may not go through. But if you were successful in getting through, you would first have to go through Paris, France before being connected to Cotonou in Africa. Africa, the poorest continent on this earth, with most natural resources, consumes everything as well and produces nothing. We embrace technology and hardly understand how it works. Unlike the Japanese and Asians who buy products from the West, disassemble them, find out how these products work and go on to build a better one, most of us hardly know or understand how these products work.
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE Codebreakers
Libraries. We know a lot of things thanks to books, but we do not know exactly when and where they originated, and what should be considered the first book in the world. Ancient document, written on parchment, papyri and vellum can hardly be qualified as books the way we understand the word today. Centuries went before paper replaced parchment and papyri. In the 15 th century Johann Gutenberg invented a mechanical process of duplicating texts, which we today call book printing. The first book was printed between 1444 and 1446, so these years can be considered as the beginning years of book printing. His most important preserved printings are the 40 copies of the Bible. By the end of the 15 th century there were about 1000 print-shops in Europe already. The oldest Estonian book dates back to 1535. Libraries form a vital part of education. They make available-through books, films, recordings and other media- knowledge that h
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