Venus Venus has been known since prehistoric times and the planet is named after Venus, the Roman goddess of love. It is the second-closest planet to the Sun and it`s often called Earth's "sister planet," because the two are similar in size, gravity, and bulk composition. Because of these similarities, it was thought that Venus might even have life. Venus is also called the Morning star or the Evening star, because it reaches its brightness shortly before sunrise or shortly after sunset. It is the brightest object in the sky except for the Sun and the Moon. During the last few years the scientists have found that Venus and Earth are very different. It has no oceans and is surrounded by a
.........................................................................27 7.8 Measuring electricity..................................................................................................27 SOLAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................27 8.1 Photovoltaic energy...................................................................................................... 28 8.2 Solar thermal heat.......................................................................................................29 8.3 Solar thermal power plants......................................................................................... 30 8.4 Solar energy and the environment..............................................................................30 WIND ENERGY.................................................................................................................31 9
The last supernova in our own galaxy exploded in 1604, rivaling Jupiter's brightness in the night sky and deeply impressing Johannes Kepler, the pioneering astronomer. A nearby supernova--within a few light-years--would bathe the Earth in lethal radiation. Yet the legacy of supernovas is as close as our own bodies. The carbon in our cells, the oxygen in the air, the silicon in rocks and computer chips, the iron in our blood and our machines--just about every atom heavier than hydrogen and helium--was forged inside ancient stars and strewn across the universe when they exploded billions of years ago. Eager to understand our origins and, in some cases, simply wild about things that go bang, astronomers have been struggling for decades to understand why stars that shine peacefully for millions of years suddenly blow up. Lately they've had two big breaks. One is a revelation about potent blasts of high-energy gamma rays that come from distant points in the heavens
Teaduslik revolutsioon 15431600 I One of the most important developments in the western intellectual tradition was the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution was nothing less than a revolution in the way the individual perceives [ tajub ] the world. As such, this revolution was primarily an epistemological revolution it changed man's thought process. It was an intellectual revolution a revolution in human knowledge. Even more than Renaissance scholars who discovered man and Nature, the scientific revolutionaries attempted to understand and explain man and the natural world. Thinkers such as the Polish astronomer Nicholas Copernicus(14731543), the
.........................................6 2.1.1. Annual Generation........................................................................................7 2.1.2. Growth and cost trends................................................................................8 2.1.3. Theoretical potential.....................................................................................9 2.1.4. Benefits of wind energy................................................................................10 2.2. Solar Energy........................................................................................................11 2.2.1 Development, deployment and economics................................................12 2.3. Hydroenergy.......................................................................................................13 2.4. Geothermal Energy............................................................................................14 2.5. Biomass Energy...................................
- And Just Chadrick Overview- What is Green Energy? Different Types? What is sustainability? German Green Energy Cost and Efficiency Recycling What is Green Energy? -It is energy resources that are renewable -Can be naturally replenished -Clean, Safe and not harmful to the environment (aka mother earth) Types of Green Energy Green Energy going cute Solar Power · Is produced by using photovoltaic cells, which capture sunlight and turns that into energy. Problems ? -The sun has got to shine -The cost of solar panels and the systems range between $20k-40k -The light from the sun produces a very small amount of energy Wind Power -These giant pinwheels spin from strong winds which spins a turbine of a generator to produce energy. Giant Pin Wheels? Any Studies done? · It is said that wind · Bentek Energy did the
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A century ago communication across any distance was dependent upon the telegraph or letters. No jets crossed the ocean, no television pictures enabled us instantly to see events in any part of the world, there were no worldwide telephone networks and no computers. It is just a short lifetime since humanity first travelled into space and discovered how fragile our planet looks. FROM FIREWORKS TO THE MOON At first glance you might think that there couldn't possibly be anything common between a 13 th century festival in China and the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969. However, there is a link and that is that they both relied on the use of rockets. The Chinese first developed rockets by filling bamboo tubes with an explosive made from saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. The sealed tubes would be thrown onto fires during celebrations because it was
It is also possible to be so ultra-sensitive that the result is disadvantageous. I expect no argument in asserting that a normal sensitivity is a healthy, indispensable ingredient for optimal education. Sensitivity can be heightened or blunted by education. It is intertwined with curiosity. An ideal education affords numerous and varied opportunities for students to touch, see, smell, listen, hear; to spark their curiosity. When I was a child the things that pleased me were largely other than the plants which have earned me a living as an adult. For example, I collected postage stamps, played basketball, was fond of listening to music, played all manner of games, but dealt only in a neutral, uninspired fashion with plants. The one thing that was constant and of supreme importance was my love of reading. I don't recall why, but by an early age, say age 9, I was a phenomenal reader of books, a habit that persisted all the way until college. Reading expands one's mind immensely
The goal, according to Tom Beutner, head of Naval Air Warfare and Weapons for the ONR, is ten shots per minute at 32 megajoules. One way of looking at it is that a .22 bullet has 1,000 foot- pounds aka 1356(Nm) of force at the muzzle. A 32 megajoule railgun shot: 23,601,988 foot- pounds aka 3.200000e(plus)7(Nm). The existing railgun works by using extremely high electrical currents to generate magnetic fields capable of accelerating a projectile up to Mach 6, which is more than twice as fast as any other existing projectile. The range is 100 miles and it fires projectiles which destroy targets by smashing into them at hypersonic speeds. The delay of railguns being added to the Navy is because they're making it more durable due to the fact that the raw kinetic power unleashed in firing the railgun is rough on the weapon's parts. When the railgun was delivered to the Navy in 2009 it was said that a few shots could dislodge
Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases, while pentane and heavier ones are in the form of liquids or solids. However, in an underground oil reservoir the proportions of gas, liquid, and solid depend on subsurface conditions and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture. An oil well produces predominantly crude oil, with some natural gas dissolved in it. Because the pressure is lower at the surface than underground, some of the gas will come out of solution and be recovered (or burned) as associated gas or solution gas. A gas well produces predominantly natural gas. However, because the underground temperature and pressure are higher than at the surface, the gas may contain heavier hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and heptane in the gaseous state. At surface conditions these will condense out of the gas to form natural gas condensate, often shortened to condensate
....................................................................184 Notes...........................................................................................................186 About the Author........................................................................................189 CHAPTER ONE THE FLOWERING OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS EVOCATION Earth, 114 million years ago, one morning just after sunrise: The first flower ever to appear on the planet opens up to receive the rays of the sun. Prior to this momentous event that heralds an evolutionary transformation in the life of plants, the planet had already been covered in vegetation for millions of years. The first flower probably did not survive for long, and flowers must have remained rare and isolated phenomena, since conditions were most likely not yet favorable for a widespread flowering to occur. One day, however, a critical threshold was reached, and suddenly there would have
At times waste of kitchens and excrement of human bodies is used in these processes. The human excreta are supposed to occupy, at the most, 3% of the slurry. The addition of human excreta is crucial in this context as it increases the amount of production of biogas. This is because human excreta have high nitrogen content. The ideal temperature for producing biogas is within 35 to 38 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is lower than that then the production of biogas may go down as well. If the temperature is 15 degree Celsius then it would be impossible to produce any biogas. This is precisely the reason as to why thermal insulation is necessary to produce biogas when it is the winter season or at places where the temperatures are normally lower than the requisite level. The heating of digesters is also pretty important in this regard. The pH of the slurry has to be close to 7. This is pretty much
Global Warming One of the biggest issues our planet and its inhabitants are facing nowadays is global warming. Global warming, also often referred to as the greenhouse effect, has not always been a problem. However, over the last centuries, since the Industrial Revolution things have changed. Polar regions are melting, species are dying, climate zones are shifting, migration patterns for animals such as polar bears and birds are being disrupted our world as we know it is changing
the oceans, mostly in the 0 to 700m region. Despite the oceans' dominant role in energy storage, the term "global warming" is also used to refer to increases in average temperature of the air and sea at Earth's surface. Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850. More than 90% certain that most of global warming was being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities.In 2010 that finding was recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations. Affirming these findings in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion, cement
Australia well before the 17th century. Chinese, Malaysian and Arab sea Captains may also have landed in Northern Australia after the 15 th century. Still Australia remained unexplored until 17th century. One reasons Australia remained undiscovered was that it was located off the trading corridor of the Indian and Pacific. The first recorded European contact with Australia was in March 1606, when Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon called it New Holland. In 1642 Abel Tasman discovered Tasmania. The first english explorer was William Dampier in 1688. he was followed by James Cook. In 1768 captain James Cook left England on a three year expedition to the Pacific that also took him to Australia. Cook landed in Botany Bay on the eastern coast. He charted the region and named it New South Wales. Britain decided to use its new outpost as a penal colony; the first fleet of 11 ships carried about 1500 people half of them convicts. The fleet
intensified. The simple fact that millions of people live along coastlines and near rivers means that these bodies of water are likely candidates for heavy and destructive pollution. It is hard to know now what our oceans will look like in the future. Just how damaged they will be by pollution is uncertain. Acid rain The term acid rain refers to what scientists call acid deposition. It is caused by airborne acidic pollutants and has highly destructive results. Scientists first discovered acid rain in 1852, when the English chemist Robert Agnus invented the term. From then until now, acid rain has been an issue of intense debate among scientists and policy makers. Acid rain, one of the most important environmental problems of all, cannot be seen. The invisible gases that cause acid rain usually come from automobiles or coal-burning power plants. Acid rain moves easily, affecting locations far beyond those that let out the pollution. As a result,
Full account of the principle including experiments with five lanterns outside a room with a small hole was given by The Islamic scholar and scientist Alhazen (Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn al-Haitham) (c.965 - 1039) Two clear descriptions of the camera obscura were given (1490) in the notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci. Many of the first camera obscuras were large rooms like that illustrated by the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for use in observing a solar eclipse. The image quality was improved with the addition of a convex lens into the aperture in the 16th century and the later addition of a mirror to reflect the image down onto a viewing surface. Giovanni Battista Della Porta in his 1558 book Magiae Naturalis recommended the use of this device as an aid for drawing for artists. First photographs taken with camera obscura were mostly landscapes, the reason for that was a long exposure time. And because landscapes do not move it was a
Ford is followed by a chesterfield sofa that happens to be going their way. It drags them into a space-time eddy. Thanks to that they find Lord's Cricket ground. There they get know, that Vogons will destroy the Earth. And it all happens after... two days. There they meet Slartibartfast and a collection of evil robots, who can play cricket. Slartibartfast brings them in Bistro Mathematics powered spacecraft. There, Arthur and Ford have to fill in the warriors of the planet Krikkit. Slartibartfast tells them, that they have to stop evil robots from collecting components of the Wikkit Gate at the planet Krikkit. Before it was a peaceful planet. So, now they collect artifacts, that contains deadly intention about how to release their master. When they realize that it's not possible to satisfy Krikkit's population from the existence, they envelop that system in a Slo-Time envelope. It let Krikkit to survive, even when the the rest of the universe ends
family day out and they take care in targeting the garnering market. There is no discount for children, no family tickets, no children's play areas. Exhibitions want customers and our job is to manage the balance between the needs of exhibitors and those of the visitors. It's important to have the right number of exhibitors in each category with a good range of prices, from expensive to economic. They try to pick those with good after sales service. If we discovered a rogue exhibitor and it has happened once or twice we swiftly replace them. The second mine theory was that maybe some scientist or just amateurs want to learn something new, change experiences with others. But so many people can also make it uncomfortable and even stressful unless you go simply relax and go with the flow, or get there truly early or late. Wear something sensible and take a break, its a long, long day. So I am not sure about that theory is true.
In 1788 on the 26th of January the first fleet arrived at Botany Bay and established a penal colony near modern-day Sydney. Geographical Position Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. It’s the only continent except for Antarctica that is all south of equator. Sometimes Australia is called the island continent. There is a great reason why. It really is an island. It is 2880 km from the mainland of Asia and is almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 9 600 km separates it from America. Australia lies between the Pacific and Indian oceans. The Timor Sea and the Arafura Sea separate Australia from Indonesia. In the north the coast is washed by Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. In the northeast the Coral Sea washes the coasts and in the southeast there is the Tasman Sea which also separates Australia from New Zealand. The biggest island is Tasmania which is located to the south of the country.
1 Wave energy Introduction to wave energy There are several possibilities to harvest different forms of energy from the sea. One of these options is the usage of waves for the generation of electricity. The devices needed to perform this task are called wave energy converters. Wave energy is indirect solar energy in twice. At first there is the wind, which is caused by variations in atmospheric pressure due to a differential solar heating of earth's surface by the sun. Different regions of pressure drives a force which rises a movement of atmospheric air masses that causes the earths wind system. If wind strikes over the surface of an open water, waves are induced. First they are very flat with only a low level of energy. When there is a long distance over
lower end where pressures and temperatures are less. In the two-stroke engine (MAN B&W) the upper part of the cylinder liner is surrounded by a cooling jacket between the cylinder cover and the cylinder block. The cooling water is led through water transitions from the cylinder block to the lower part of the cooling jacket. The water continues from the upper part of the cooling jacket through water connections to the cylinder cover. The cooling jacket is sealed by means of rubber rings located in grooves in the cylinder liner. The cooling jacket is furthermore provided with bores through which the cylinder cover studs are fitted. The cylinder liner is tightened against the top of the cylinder block by the cylinder cover and is guided by the bore halfway down inside the block, so that it can expand freely downwards when heated during the running of the engine. Sealing against leakage of cooling water and scavenge air is obtained by means of four
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS Our environment is constantly changing. However, as our environment changes, so does the need to become increasingly aware of the problems that surround it. With a massive influx of natural disasters people need to be aware of what types of environmental problems our planet is facing. Current environmental problems make us vulnerable to disasters and tragedies, now and in the future. Unless we address the various issues seriously we are surely doomed for disaster. Current environmental problems require urgent attention. 1. Pollution: Pollution of air, water and soil require millions of years to recoup. Industry and motor vehicle exhaust are the number one pollutants. Heavy metals, nitrates and plastic are toxins responsible for pollution
Steward. I have devided my presentation in 3 paragraphs: Firstly i will tal about the origins of the islands and the history, secondly about life on the land and in the sea, finaly about conserving the Galapagos. The Galapagos Islands are situated on junctions between several shifting tectonic plates on the equator and about 1000 km off the Pacific coast of Ecuador. They are the product of one of the most volcanically active regions on our planet, a hot spot is situated directly beneath the islands and also It is the point where major ocean currents meet. These circumstances combine to make an area that truly is like no other place on earth. Galapagos is comprised of 13 major islands, more than 120 smaller islets and rocks, and the surrounding ocean. The total land mass is almost 8,000 sq. km. Highest peak is Wolf Volcano reaching 1707m. The present islands are all younger than 4 million years
head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE Codebreakers The Story of Secret Writing By DAVID KAHN (abridged by the author) A SIGNET BOOK from
Tallinn English College Topic The United States of America Form Tallinn 2005 Introduction The United States of America is a very big country. Its territory is about 9.4 million square kilometres and its population is more than 260 million people, 12% of them are the Afro-Americans. It is the world's third-largest country by size and by population. The population density is about 27 people per square kilometre. Most of the people live in towns. There are 50 states in America. The biggest of the state is Texas, next by size are California, Alaska and Montana. Six states - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut ,Rhode Island and Massachusetts are called New England. They are all small states in the U.S
and the Tasman Sea. Australia's coastline is about 37,000 km long. The Great Australian Bight washes the southern coast. The Gulf of Carpenteria and the Cape York Peninsula surround it in the south. 3. Relief Australia is the smallest continent in the world It is often called the island continent because is too big for an island but rather small for a continent. Australia is 1,800 miles from the mainland of Asia and almost half way round the world from Europe. More than 6,000 miles of ocean separate in from the America. Australia is the only continent except for Antarctica that lies all south of the equator. The natural zones of Australia are very various. There are deserts, semi deserts, grasslands, savannas, bushlands and rainforests. The wet forests occupy the narrow region in the east. Most of the animals, birds and insects live in that region, because there is enough food. The savannas which are grasslands with some trees are mostly in the west
hive mind: hundreds of scientists and engineers working together. The same unique intelligence and cooperation also underlies more positive advances, such as modern medicine. But is that all that defines us? In recent years, many traits once believed to be uniquely human, from morality to culture, have been found in the animal kingdom (see part one in this two-part series). So, what exactly makes us special? The list might be smaller than it once was, but there are some traits of ours that no other creature on Earth can match. No animal can get close to the devastation humans can cause (Credit: Thinkstock) No animal can get close to the devastation humans can cause (Credit: Thinkstock) Ever since we learned to write, we have documented how special we are. The philosopher Aristotle marked out our differences over 2,000 years ago. We are "rational animals" pursuing knowledge for its own sake. We live by art
Australia Australia is the smallest continent in the world. It is 7.6 million square kilometres big. It is often called the island continent because it is rather small for a continent and very big for an island. There are only five countries bigger than Australia in the World. There are five states in the mainland. Tasmania is also considered as a state so there are six states. The Northern Territory and Canberra are also independent but they are not states. Canberra is the capital of Australia and it is situated between Sydney and Melbourne because both of these cities wanted to be the capital. The population is about 19 million people and growing. New South Wales is
Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in the hope that you can help me with a problem regarding a camera that I have bought recently. On 24 April, I purchased a Canon digital SLR camera from a duty-free shop at Freetown Airport on my way from Freetown to Wondercity. The camera cost $599, and I paid for it by credit card. When I arrived at my hotel in Wondercity almost 24 hours later, I discovered that the box which contained the camera did not include the battery, and the space in the box for the charger was empty. I am now in Wondercity, and I am not returning to Freetown, so I need to get the missing parts here. I would be grateful if you could arrange for the parts to be sent to me. I attach a copy of the receipt for your information. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Introduction
old. 3 1 was getting, arrived Challenge! 2 It's a mixed class of girls and boys. 2 was preparing, cut Students' own answers 3 It's difficult to tell what kind of 3 discovered, were building 1E Past perfect simple and lesson their in. 4 started, was talking 4 It could be that they're in a maths 5 found, was living continuous page 8 lesson.
an inferential relationship. However, it is not always possible to agree on the presence or absence of an inferential relationship. It often involves some interpretation. In particular, expository passages, illustrations, explanations and conditional statements might serve or be re-expressed as to serve as arguments. Example: American Indians were called Indians because early European explorers thought they reached India when they actually discovered America. This passage might serve both as an e xplanation for those who already knew/accepted that American Indians were called Indians and as an argument for those who did not know/accept it. Illustrations by giving an example to make clearer the meaninf of a word or a statement: ● A bird is an animal that has wings. For instance, swans are birds. Explanations (already known; not an argument) that shed light on something that usually is already accepted
fruit and vegetables, and fish. In the last few decades wine has also become important. New Zealand has substantial hydroelectric power and fairly large reserves of natural gas. The leading manufacturing sectors are food processing, metal fabrication, and wood and paper products. Its main trading partners are Australia, the US, Japan, and China. New Zealand is one of the top holiday destinations in the world with its clean green natural image, scenery, Lord of the Rings film setting, adventure and culture. ..................................................................................................................................................... About 80-100 million years ago, New Zealand drifted away from the massive supercontinent of Gondwanaland into the South Pacific. Since then, a unique flora and fauna has evolved, with a large number of beautiful native birds and plants, as well as direct descendants of
annaabi.ee 
Sisene Facebook'ga
Sisene Google'ga
Sisene LinkedIn'ga
