СОКРАЩЕНИЯ И СИМВОЛЫ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ LÜHENDID JA SÜMBOLID A Technological progress Технологический Tehniline progress прогресс AD Aggregate demand Совокупный спрос Kogunõudlus AE Aggregate expenses Совокупные затраты Kogukulutused AFC Average fix cost Средние постоянные Keskmine püsikulu затраты AP Average product Средний продукт Keskmine produkt, toodang APC Average propensity to Средняя склонность к Keskmine tarbimiskalduvus consume потреблению APS Average propensity to Средняя склонность к Keskmine säästmise
........................tugev ostmisajend 21. A trusted advisor ..............................................usaldusväärne nõunik 22. A wide assortment of tools ..............................lai valik vahendeid 23. Account - .............................................................konto 24. Accounting - .......................................................raamatupidamine 25. Acquire ............................................................omandama 26. Actual money multiplier ..................................tegeliku raha multiplikaator 27. Add-on loan rate method .................................summeerimismeetod 28. Adjustment .......................................................kohandamine, kohandumine 29. Advertaisment - ..................................................kuulutus, reklaam 30. Advertising hype ..............................................jõuline reklaamimine 31. Advertising's public nature ............................
Pure Competition Competition The word "competition" may be used in two ways: rivalry (synonym; opposition, antagonism) structural competition or "pure competition" The main characteristics of competition: 1. Number of firms 2. Type of product 3. Control over price 4. Conditions of entry 5. Nonprice competition 6. Information flow Pure Competition · Involves very large numbers of sellers and buyers. · Firms producing identical or homogeneous products. · Standardized product (a product identical to that of other producers). (ex. corn or cucumbers). · Free Entry and Exit: no significant legal, technological, financial, or other obstacles
of these decisions. Since the objectives are often pecuniary, it is often necessary to relate the decisions about the physical units of inputs and outputs to the costs of production. · If the prices of the inputs and the production relationships are known (or understood), it is possible to calculate or estimate all the cost relationships for each level of output. In practice however, the decision maker will probably have partial
8. Nappus, scarsity (Põhiprobleem) = vajadused saadavad 9. ( )- ressursid , 1 Majandusõpetus Mõistete seletus. , I osa 9.Alternatiiv- e.loobumiskulud, opportunity cost s -parima () alternatiivse võimaluse maksumus, millest loobutakse valiku tegemisel 10. 10.Majanduslik mõtlemine, thinking like economist 11. 11. Nappus sunnib inimesi valima. Scarsity
4 access right juurdepääsu õigus 5 accommodation majutamine 6 accord kooskõlastama 7 account arve, aruanne 8 accounting raamatupidamine 9 accounting period arvestusperiood 10 accounting records raamatupidamise dokumendid 11 accumulated debt kogunenud võlg 12 adequate supply piisav varustamine 13 adulterate võltsima 14 advance ettemakse 15 advantage of secrecy salajasuse eelis 16 advertising reklaamindus 17 advertising agency reklaamiagentuur 18 adviser konsultant, nõuandja 19 aid toetus, abi 20 alimony alimendid, elatsraha
...................................................................... 35 1.6. Foreign investment treatment .................................................................................... 35 1.7. Corporate forms ......................................................................................................... 37 1.8. Taxation ..................................................................................................................... 39 1.8.1. Corporate income tax (CIT) ............................................................................... 39 1.8.2. Withholding Tax (WHT) ..................................................................................... 41 1.8.3. Value Added Tax (VAT)...................................................................................... 42 1.8.4. Transfer Pricing (TP) ......................................................................................... 43 1.8.5
Prohibition of charges having an effect equivalent to that of customs duties: Articles 28(1) and 30 TFEU, or to describe it a bit more easier, The Court of Justice of the European Union had found that any type of extra charges or however it may be called or applied to a product produced and being sold in any Member State should not be charged with any fees or any extras that in the end will have the same effect on a product price as a custom duty. Examples: Cases 2/62 and 3/62 of 14 December 1962, and Case 232/78 of 25 September 19791 Prohibition of measures having an effect equivalent to quantitative restrictions: Articles 34 and 35 TFEU Provided option gives manufacturers and distributers more freedom for a single product to move and not to be charged with any extras while entering to the Member States market environment.
INTRODUCTION OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT (SCM) A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the complexity of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. Supply chain management is typically viewed to lie between fully vertically integrated firms, where the entire material flow is owned by a single firm and those where each channel member operates independently. Therefore coordination between the various players in the chain is key in its effective management
cooperation with Russia and Eastern Partnership Countries. 3 1. LEGALIZATION OF A COMPANY WITH A FOREIGN OWNER IN RUSSIA Today the investment attractiveness of Russia is very high. In addition to the dynamic pace of development of the economy, Russia offers to foreign investors increasing every year the market of goods and services to consumer and business. Most often, this together with the high rate of return on invested capital is a crucial factor in the decision to enter the Russian market. One possible way to full implementation of business activities on the territory of the Russian Federation - is the creation of a legal entity. An enterprise with foreign capital - is created on the territory of the Russian business- organization whose founders are foreign citizens or organizations. Russian legislation
The class of shares owned by the shareholder determines the rights of the shareholder in the company. Unless otherwise stipulated by the statute, the joint stock company may issue ordinary (common) and preferred shares. At a shareholders' meeting, the owner of ordinary shares enjoys a voting right corresponding to the number of shares owned. The owner of preferred shares does not have such a right; he is only entitled to receive stock dividends at an approved rate. Management According to the Law on Entrepreneurs, the joint stock company has a three-tiered structure. The shareholders' general meeting is the highest body of the company authorized to make decisions on the company's strategic and key issues. The general meeting elects a supervisory board of the company. The supervisory board is mandatory for public companies, for joint stock companies licensed by the National Bank of Georgia, and for joint stock companies with more than 100 shareholders
2. с.-х. культура Wheat is a widely grown crop in Britain. 27. it is not surprising неудивительно 28. much / more / the most большая/'большая/наибольшая власть power 29. shape (n) форма; состояние What shape is the table, round or square? The team is in very good shape. shape (v) формировать 30. more than once не раз, неоднократно 31. invade (v) вторгаться invader захватчик invasion вторжение 32. se'curity безопасность; уверенность 33. ice age (the Ice Age) ледниковый период
[6] 8. referring to pig insulin: ethical / religious, reasons; incompatibility / lack of tolerance / immune response; ora not exactly the same as / less effective than, human insulin; ora referring to human insulin from bacteria: engineered insulin is cheaper; ora greater supply of engineered insulin; ora 1 [1] 9. allow max 5 for following: transcription; DNA unzips / H bonds break; exposing required, gene / sequence of bases; RNA nucleotides align with DNA; U with A, A with T, C with G, and G with C; RNA polymerase; mRNA formed (using DNA strand as template);
Archived: University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Construction ABSTRACT This research can be divided into two. The first part investigates the current state of the construction industry, while the second part looks at new emerging business models in particular, Lean Construction (LC) and Building Information Modelling (BIM), as well as an integration of these two. Given that the construction industry does not have a particularly good reputation among the public, the first part of this thesis focuses mainly on this problem and its sources. It is the reason why we need new and better business models, like LC and BIM, or even an integration of the two models. Both LC and BIM have been shown to have a profound impact on improving construction processes and therefore, project outcomes, as discussed in the third and the fourth chapters. Different studies and
of world put together. The majority of so-called Africans leaders want to stay in power until the day their bodies are put in the grave. Through buffoonery, utter mismanagement and downright stealing of the wealth of the masses, these leaders have so impoverished Africa that we are now nothing but a beggar continent. We beg for everything; we are more dependent on our colonial masters than when we received our independence from them. Africa owes the West more money than we and our generations to come can pay. I arrived in America in December of 1967as an official of what we believed was going to be a dynamic African nation – the young Republic of Biafra. But Biafra was defeated and Nigeria remained one, as a giant of Africa. In the last 32 years, I have watched with horror and outright helplessness as the downward slide of the African race continues to escalate. But rather than address the problems, we
Central Europe. you should buy this new edition of Influence: o More neuroscience evidence of how the influence process works is inte- Science and Practice, gra ted throughout. For instance, brain imaging research is presented, showing here are 5 good reasons! how the "Expensive = Good" heuristic o Updated coverage of social influence leads people to perceive more costly effects in popular culture, such as the items as better than (identical) less contagion of obesity among the young costly ones. and the contagion of violence in such tragedies as the Virginia Tech and North- o Enhanced coverage of "how to say
ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:23 PM Page xii ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:23 PM Page xiii Introduction There is nothing on earth that you cannot have once you have mentally accepted the fact that you can have it. —Robert Collier ■ THE TRUTH ABOUT YOU You are a thoroughly good person.You deserve a wonderful life, full of success, happiness, joy, and excitement. You are entitled to have happy relationships, excellent health, meaningful work, and finan- cial independence. These are your birthright. This is what your life is meant to include. You are engineered for success and designed to have high levels of self-esteem, self-respect, and personal pride. You are extraordi-
Protein makes up an average of 18.5% on cellular metabolism and the ability of the of the weight of the muscle, though that cell to maintain energy supplies. Few cells figure can range from 16 to 22%. Proteins are required to generate as much force and serve myriad functions and are the primary undergo as dramatic shifts in rate of metabo- solid component in muscle. The functions of lism as muscle cells. The ability of living proteins are quite varied. Muscle proteins are skeletal muscle to undergo relatively large involved in maintaining the structure and intracellular changes also influences its
book blurbs. This is a dazzling and highly useful work." --A. J. Jacobs, editor-at-large of Esquire magazine and author of The Know-It-All "Tim is Indiana Jones for the digital age. I've already used his advice to go spear shing on remote islands and ski the best hidden slopes of Argentina. Simply put, do what he says and you can live like a millionaire." --Albert Pope, derivatives specialist at UBS World Headquarters "Reading this book is like putting a few zeros on your income. Tim brings lifestyle to a new level--listen to him!" --Michael D. Kerlin, McKinsey & Company consultant to Bush-Clinton Katrina Fund and a J. William Fulbright Scholar "Part scientist and part adventure hunter, Tim Ferriss has created a road map for an entirely new world. I devoured this book in one sitting --I have seen nothing like it." --Charles L. Brock, chairman and CEO of Brock Capital Group; former CFO, COO, and general counsel of Scholastic, Inc
Extended Conversation / Minitalks In Part C you will hear an extended conversation or a minitalk. The English in this section is generally more formal and academic, typical of English conversation or lectures that take place in a university or college setting. After each conversation or minitalk, there are between four and eight spoken questions about its content. Choose your answer from among the four choices that appear in your test book-let. Look at the example here. YOU WILL HERE: Man: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this tour of one of the nation's most important cities, Chicago. Before we begin, I'd like to give you some background information that will make the tour more enjoyable for you. The city was founded in 1837. Its strategic location on Lake Michigan quickly made it the center of commerce for the Midwest section of the country. It is currently the third largest metropolitan area In the United States. The city's site is generally level,
WINDOWS OUTSIDE Версия 1.00 С пожеланиями обращайтесь по адресу [email protected]. © skruks, 2013 Каждый имеет право воспроизводить, распространять и/или вносить изменения в настоящий Документ в соответствии с условиями GNU Free Documentation License, Версией 1.3 или любой более поздней версией, опубликованной Free Software Foundation; данный Документ не содержит Неизменяемых разделов, не содержит Текста, помещаемого на первой странице обложки и не содежит Текста, помещаемого на последней страницы обложки. Копия лицензионного соглашения раз
The first commercial FORTRAN program ran at Westinghouse, producing a missing comma diagnostic. A successful attempt followed. A group of eight engineers leaves Shockley Semiconductor to form Fairchild Semiconductors. Kenneth Olsen founds Digital Equipment Corporation. 1958 At Texas Instruments, Jack St. Clair Kilby comes up with the idea of creating a monolithic device (integrated circuit) on a single piece of silicon.Later (in 2000) Kilby receives Nobel price in physics. Jack Kilby completes building the first integrated circuit, containing five components on a piece of germanium half an inch long and thinner than a toothpick. SAGE -- Semi-Automatic Ground Environment -- linked hundreds of radar stations in the United States and Canada in the first large-scale computer communications network. 1959 Fairchild Semiconductor files a patent application for the planar process for manufacturing transistors
13. Duel in the Ether: II 14. Censors, Scramblers, and Spies 15. The Scrutable Orientals 16. PYCCKAJI Kranrojioras 17. N.S.A. 18. Heterogeneous Impulses 19. Ciphers in the Past Tense 20. The Anatomy of Cryptology Suggestions for Further Reading Index A Note on the Abridged Version MANY PEOPLE have urged me to put out a paperback edition of The Codebreakers. Here it is. It comprises about a third of the original. This was as big as the publishers and I could make it and still keep the price within reason. In cutting the book, I retained mainly stories about how codebreaking has affected history, particularly in World War II, and major names and stages in the history of cryptology. I eliminated all source notes and most of the technical matter, as well as material peripheral to strict codebreaking such as biographies, the invention of secondary cipher systems, and miscellaneous uses of various systems.
Zanuck, T h e Zanuck C o m p a n y Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Big Fish, Reign of Fire, Driving Miss Daisy, Cocoon, The Verdict, Sting " T h e basis for a great movie is a great screenplay, and the basis for a great screenplay should be The Writer's Journey." — A d a m Fields, Donnie Darko, Money Train, Great Balls of Fire "One of the most valuable tools in understanding and appreciating the structure of a plot that's available today. The Writer's Journey is an essential tool to any writer at any stage o f their career." — Debbie Macomber, Best-selling Author, Montana "A valuable tool for any creative writer, The Writer's Journey is consistently among our top-selling books each month
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