Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is a measure of a country's overall economic output. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year. It is often positively correlated with the standard of living, alternative measures to GDP for that purpose. · Gross domestic product comes under the heading of national accounts, which is a subject in macroeconomics. Gross National Product Gross national product (GNP), in economics, a quantitative measure of a nation's total
Economic Country Review: Finland, Estonia and Hungary Girli Vasiljev Report Business Economics, RB1X 06.05.2012 Abstract 06.05.2012 Experience and Wellness management Author Group Girli Vasiljev RB1X Title of report Number of pages Economic Country Review: Finland, Estonia 20 and Hungary Teacher Kalevi Torunen
function Production, more specifically, · the technology used in the production of a good (or service) · the prices of the inputs determine the cost of production. Production processes increase the ability of inputs (or resources) to satisfy wants by: · a change in physical characteristics · a change in location · a change in time · a change in ownership At its most simplistic level, the economy is a social process that allocates relatively scarce resources to satisfy relatively unlimited wants. To achieve this objective, inputs or resources must be allocated to those uses that have the greatest value. Consumers or buyers wish to maximize their utility or satisfaction given (or constrained by) · their incomes, · preferences, · the prices of the goods they may buy. The behavior of the buyers or consumers is expressed in the demand function. In a market
........................................................ 4 1. UKRAINE ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. General information ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1.1. Country Profile ..................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2. Post-Independent Ukraine. Economy and politics ............................................... 6 1.1.3. Key Macroeconomic indicators ......................................................................... 14 1.1.4. Foreign Direct Investments ................................................................................ 16 1.1.5. Demographics and labor force .......................................................................... 17 1.1.6. New emerging industry................................
TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL POLITICAL SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE ANNELI PALM CRITISIM ABOUT IMF AND WORLD BANK INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (RIR6032/RIR6004) ESSAY 2014 Contents TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL.............................................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 3 Basic of liberalism.................................................................................................. 4 International Monetary Fund and World Bank............
resume Kuressaare 2018 Some people choose for a resume book about something else than ecomoic. Its realy easier ofcours. I wrote to the Defence Forces library and asked to send me something about economi. Well , I got „International Economics“ by Hendrik Van den Berg. We had to read 100 pages. So I did. What I remmember about from 100 pages economics? There were a lot interesting what I didnt know before. It all started about U.S Economics. U. S Economy does not appear to be „globaal“ if look at its ratio of tarded otuput to GDP (Gross Domestic product, which is the total value added of production that occurs within a country-s borders, regardless of who owns the factors of production used in the production process.)U.S exports and imports only about 10% of its national output and consumption Services are difficult
European Union Exam 1949 France, UK and the Benelux countries decide to set in place a Council of Europe. 1951 Treaty of Paris signed by the Six (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands), establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). 1957 Treaties of Rome establish the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom). 1959 July, seven countries of the Organisation for European Economic Co- operation (OEEC) – Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK – decide to establish a European Free Trade Association (EFTA). 1960 Creation of European Free Trade Association 1961 UK applies to join the Community. 1962 The Parliamentary Assembly changes its name to the European Parliament. 1965 The Treaty merging the executives of the three Communities (ECSC, EEC, Euratom) is signed in Brussels; enters into force on July 1, 1967. Empty chair crisis 1966
They approach innovation in its broadest sense, including both new technologies and new ways of doing things” – (Porter 1990) ● “An innovative business is one which lives and breathes “outside the box”. It is not just good ideas, it is a combination of good ideas, motivated staff and an instinctive understanding of what your customer wants” – (Branson 1998) ● “...novel implementation of an invention, discovery, new or existing knowledge in economic process” (Joseph A. Schumpeter) ● An innovation is the implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a new marketing method, or a new organisational method in business practices, workplace organisation or external relations” (Oslo Manual). Innovation and entrepreneurship Schumpeter on innovation: the role of inventions and entrepreneurs ● Innovation as “new combinations” of existing
......................... 8 Pictures........................................................................................................................................8 Used material:............................................................................................................................. 9 2 Introduction Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres (146 mi) in length and as much as 80 kilometres (50 mi) in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. It is about 620 kilometres (385 mi) northeast of the Central American mainland, 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 190 kilometres (120 mi) west of the island of Hispaniola, on which Haiti and the Dominican Republic are situated. Its indigenous Arawakan-speaking Taíno
Mikro ja makroökonoomika terminid Eesti keeles English На русском Majanduse alusmõisted. Fundamentals of Economics. Фундаментальные понятия ökonoomika economics экономика Ceteris paribus „Other –things-equal” assumption, «при прочих равных условиях» „Muude tingimuste samaks Ceteris paribus jäädes” põhimõtted Principles принципы Teaduslik meetod Scientific method Научный метод seos tradeoffs связь
europa.eu/eurostat, bnb.bg, worldbank.org, colliers.com www.investbg.government.bg INDUSTRIAL ZONES IN BULGARIA www.investbg.government.bg UNEMPLOYMENT IN MUNICIPALITIES 0% corporate tax rate in zones with unemployment 25% or higher than the average www.investbg.government.bg BUSINESS PROCESS OUTSOURCING The Sector: More than 30 000 people work in The Sector 3% of GDP was generate by The Sector in 2015 8nnual starting salaries per Employee Advantages: Bulgaria offers qualified and cost-effective workforce and advantageous rents of commercial space BPO sector generates over 964 million revenues Bulgaria is the best outsourcing destination in Europe The average BPO company in Bulgaria provides services in more than 25 languages Successful examples: www.investbg
trends evident in industrial nations are taking root in emerging economies. Rising visibility of and expectations for organizations – The spread of the Internet and communications technologies is accelerating the global transfer of information and amplifying the speed and force of feedback mechanisms. Measurement of progress toward sustainable development – As sustainable development has become widely adopted as a foundation of public policy and organizational strategy; many organizations have turned their attention to the challenge of translating the concept into practice. Governments interest in sustainability reporting – When GRI was conceived in 1997, governmental interest in integrated economic, environmental, and social reporting was scant. Financial markets interest in sustainability reporting – The financial industry slowly but steadily is embracing sustainability reporting as part its analytical toolkit.
1. UN as a world organization The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty,
Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is that policy which is made by government for controlling the government expenditure, supply of money and taxes. Fiscal policy is great equipment in the hand of any country's government to make better tax system and to manage the public loan and expenditures. Types of Fiscal Policy The three possible types of fiscal policy: neutral, expansionary and contractionary. The definitions of these types are as follows: - A neutral stance of fiscal policy implies a balanced economy. This results in a large tax revenue. Government spending is fully funded by tax revenue and overall the budget outcome has a neutral effect on the level of economic activity. - An expansionary stance of fiscal policy involves government spending exceeding tax revenue.
These are mainly income and value-added taxes . Tax revenues come from a variety of sources. Goods that are imported into Lithuania face import duties that range from 10 to 100 percent (but average 15 percent on most goods). The highest tariffs are on tobacco, automobiles, jewelry, and gasoline. The personal income tax level is 33 percent with rates of between 10 to 35 percent on supplemental income from investments or interest dividends. Labour law Essential political economic and legal reforms started after the independence of Lithuania in 1990. Since then the legal system has been reformed to meet the demands of the social and economic changes brought by the return to democracy and the free market economy system. The population of Lithuania is 3.4 million, with a labour force of 1.6 million. Unemployment has been low, but has increased to almost 10 per cent during 2009. All employees in Lithuania
Ukrainians, Belarussians, Finnish, Tatars, Latvians, Poles, Lithuanians, Jews, Germans and others. Due to this fact, the most popular languages spoken as a mother language are Estonian, Russian and Ukrainian. Nevertheless, there is still just one official language of Estonia, which is Estonian. Most of the people, approximately 900,000 live in the cities, such as Tallinn, Tartu, Narva. The most common sector that people work in is the service sector. People in Estonia are also involved in other sectors of industry, such as wood, construction, electronic and energy. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic. It has a single-chamber parliament with 101 members that are elected by the people in every four years. It is called Riigikogu. The parliament determines the income and expenses of Estonia as well as presents statements and declarations to the people of Estonia
........................................................ 25 4.1. Entry and stay of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation ................................................ 25 4.2. Types of visas for foreign citizens in the Russian Federation................................................ 25 4.3. Migration Registration of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation .................................. 28 4.3.1. The procedure for bringing the work of highly skilled professionals (VKS) ...................... 30 4.3.2. Your work permits for foreign citizens arriving in Russia in the visa-free regime ............ 33 4.4. Responsibility for violation of immigration laws................................................................... 34 5. BANKRUPTCY/ CLOSING DOWN THE COMPANY ....................................................................... 39 5.1. The procedures applied in the bankruptcy .................................
legitimacy. South African state formed out of: Conquest Colonization Slavery Indentured labour Racially discriminatory laws reserved jobs for whites; differential pay-scales etc Post 1910 state strong and centralized institutionalised racism: "power, wealth and privileges [distributed] unequally on a racial basis" (Giliomee, 1995, p190) Farming and mining (the basis of the economy) both required large work forces. Once slavery was abolished, need for to generate labour force. Taxation (poll tax) used to force blacks into labour force. Segregation used to control access of blacks to land. A strong, centralized and unequal state. 1936 Black voters removed from common roll. 1956 Coloured voters removed from common roll. 1948 `Apartheid' state based on idea of `separate development'.
..............................tarbimise tasakaal 103. Consumer goods ............................................tarbekaubad 104. Consumer price index ....................................tarbijahinnaindeks 105. Consumer surplus ..........................................tarbija hinnavaru 106. Consumption ..................................................tarbimine 107. Contest ...........................................................võistlus 108. Contractionary fiscal policy ..........................kitsendav fiskaalpoliitika 109. Contribution ...................................................rahaline toetus 110. Convenience store .........................................esmatarbekaupade pood 111. Conventional marketing ................................. tavakohane turundus 112. Conviction- .......................................................kindel veendumus 113. Corporation ....................................................aktsiaselts 114
ERLE MAIDO TAAB11 Report Purpose The purpose of this report is to give an overview of Estonian population, political factors, technological factors, economic factors and the trends in Estonian economy compared to Germany and to briefly discuss Estonian business environment. Estonian population The total population of Estonia is 1 313 271 according to Statistics Estonia, of which 69.1% are Estonians, 25.1% Russians, 4.9% of which are of different nationalities for example Ukrainians, Belarusians and Finns. Rest are of unknown nationality. 68.5% of population speaks Estonian as a mother language, 29.6% speaks Russian as a mother language and 0.6% Ukrainian
1. Social Policy aspects in EU Treaties Social and employment policy: Objectives: - The promotion of employment - Improved living and working conditions - Proper social protection - Dialogue between management and labour - The development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion. Treaty of Rome: belief that improved working and living conditions would arise from the functioning of the
The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management Wolfgang Drechsler (University of Tartu and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) © Copyright: Wolfgang Drechsler 2005 Within the public sphere, the most important reform movement of the last quarter of a century has been the New Public Management (NPM). It is of particular interest in the post-autistic economics (pae) context because NPM largely rests on the same ideology and epistemology as standard textbook economics (STE) is based (for my take on this, see Drechsler 2000), and it has had, and still has, similar results. Already more on the defensive within public administration (PA) than STE is within economics, NPM also shows that such major paradigm shifts in theory and policy may actually happen. In addition, it occasionally appears that pae-oriented scholars
....................... ......8 6.Sport.................................................................. ......9 7.Language........................................................... ....10 8.Conclusion......................................................... ....11 9.New words............................................................12 10.References...................................................... .....13 Introduction Jamaica is an island nation of the Greater Antilles, 234 kilometres in length and as much as 80 kilometres in width, amounting to 11, 100 km 2. It is situated in the Caribbean Sea. With 2.8 million people, it is the third most populous anglophone country in North America, after the United States and Canada. Kingston is the largest city in Jamaica and the country's capital. I am interested in this country and it is my favourite country. History
− Assures that the corporation is managed in accordance with state laws, security regulations and conflict of interest situations. Role of the Board in Strategic Management • Monitor developments inside and outside the corporation. • Evaluate and influence management proposals, decisions and actions. • Set corporate strategy, the corporation’s overall direction, mission, and vision. Carroll’s (1979) four responsibilities of business in order of priority … • Economic (must do) • Legal (have do) • Ethical (should do) • Discretionary (might do) *agenditeooria suures ettevõttes, * mis on mission, EKSISTENTS – KES ME OLEMA JA MIDA VÄÄRTUSTAME *suure ettevõtte hierarhia *Mintzberg The 5 Ps of Strategy were created by Henry Mintzberg in 1987. Each of the 5 Ps stands for a different approach to strategy: 1. Plan. 2. Ploy. 3. Pattern. 4. Position. 5. Perspective.
the Celtic Sea and St George's Channel to the South and South-East. The legal name of the state is simply "Ireland", but its legal description the Republic of Ireland is sometimes used to differentiate the state from the island. On 29 December 1937 Ireland became the successor-state to the Irish Free State, itself established on 6 December 1922. Ireland was one of the poorest countries in Western Europe and had high emigration. The protectionist economy was opened in the late 1950s and Ireland joined the European Communities (now the European Union) in 1973. An economic crisis led Ireland to start large-scale economic reforms in the late 1980s. Ireland reduced taxation and regulation dramatically compared to other EU countries. Despite a forecast for reduced economic growth in 2008, Ireland today has the fifth highest gross domestic product per capita and the seventh gross domestic product per
· Demand is perfectly elastic. · Maximizes productive and allocative efficiency. · Perfect competition includes complete information. ex. Agriculture Pure competition markets do not actually exist. · Note: Pure competition does not actually exist in our society, and the agriculture industry is the closest industry to being purely competitive. The pure competition model is used as a standard to evaluate the efficiency of our economy (something to compare to and help our understanding of economy.) Monopolistic Competition · Involves large number of firms, but not as many as in pure competition. · Produces differentiated products · In marketing, product differentiation (also known simply as "differentiation" is the process of distinguishing a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market.
Estonian Economy Estonians earn about half of the average European income, despite the fact that the economic growth during the recent years has been very fast and the differences have been diminishing. Although the extremely vigorous period of economic reforms is now over, the changes that Estonia is presently going through are far more extensive than those in the developed countries. The Estonian economy is diverse industry and transport, as well as commerce and different branches of services are all equally important. Due to the available natural resources Estonian economy largely relies on the branches related to the forest; Estonian energy sector is based on oil shale, a resource quite rare elsewhere in the world. Finland and Sweden are the most important trade partners. The Estonian economy profits significantly from the business generated by more than 2 million tourists a year, most of
Debt securities issued 6. Remaining assets 6. Capital and reserves 7. External liabilities 8. Remaining liabilities ( 1 ) A detailed description of the instrument categories is provided in Annex 4 of the ECB publication: "The single monetary policy in Stage Three: General documentation on ESCB monetary policy instruments and procedures". Source: ECB, http://www.ecb.int/mopo/eaec/intermediaries/html/index.en.html Figure ... Composition of the consolidated balance sheet of the euro area MFIs (including the Eurosystem) at end-2012 Suorce: ECB, (http://www.ecb.europa.eu/mopo/eaec/intermediaries/html/index.en.html)
ESTONIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES Institute of Economics and Social Sciences BOOK REVIEW ("Foreign direct investments in the Estonian economy", University of Tartu, Urmas Varblane) (Pages : 10 20) Prepared: Kadri Tamm, MF-I-5 Tartu 2007 I read book about direct investments in the Estonian economy. The book is issued by
After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy. First comes sensitivity. If a person be insensitive, be it from numbing cold, exhaustion, drugs, genetic makeup, or upbringing, then the process of education is bogged down, and results come only after great efforts. Sensitivity in my integrated meaning is broad, covering literally the senses, so that deaf and blind people are less sensitive, as well as people whose senses work perfectly, but whose receptivity or thought processes are blunted for whatever reason. A person can be insensitive in one way, such as blind, and extraordinarily sensitive in another way, such as in hearing. It is also possible to be so ultra-sensitive that the result is disadvantageous. I expect no argument in asserting that a normal sensitivity is a healthy, indispensable ingredient for optimal education. Sensitivity can be heightened or blunted by education
Life in Estonia through the eyes of an economics student With a population of 1 313 271 people, Estonia is one of the least populous member states of the European Union. However, according to the IMF, it is a developed country with an advanced and high-income economy. Estonia follows market economy system which ensures the little government intervention and the determination of prices of goods and services in a free price system. Therefore, economic decisions are guided solely by the aggregate interactions of a country's citizens and businesses. In addition to mentioned afore, Estonia tends to perform favourably in measurements of civil liberties, education, and press freedom. Living in Estonia has many of its good sides, for instance it is a secure place from nature disasters and it has a beautiful nature. Although, when not to look only through rose-tinted glasses, there are still some minuses in country’s organization
Roughly 20% of all students attend secondary schools leading, normally after 12 school years in total which grants access to all universities. The other students split in two or more school-types (depends on the canton) differing in the balance of theoretical and practical education. It is obligatory for all children to visit school for at least 9 years. Technological factors: Science and technology in Switzerland play an important role in economy as very few natural resources are available in the country. The Swiss National Science Foundation, mandated by the Federal government, is the most important institute promoting scientific research. The raw output of scientific research from Switzerland consistently ranks within the top 20. For example, it has a well known astronomy and space program. Switzerland Space Agency, the Swiss Space Office, has been involved in various space technologies and programs
clever, gifted or wise not because they happen to possess advantages of wealth or power. In so far as we accept these false standards (of wealth and class) we make ourselves less than free men. We deny the eqality of our common humanity. Vandalism. The worsest vice, because the most senseless, peculiar to our own time has been the destructive vandalism with which we have treated our physical heritage in our town and country. The period between the two European wars will stand out as one of the most destructive epochs in our history. The land is strewn with the wreckage of what was once beautiful. In point of fact the crime has been made possibly more by stupidity than by wickedness. Three-quarters of the damage could have been avoided without diminishing the national housing programme by a single jerry-built villa. The destructiveness must be checked. Lack of imagination. Imagination is the power to see what is not there, to experience what
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