shores of Canada in 1497. He met no living man there and soon returned to England. About 40 years later, Jacques Cartier, a French explorer, made two voyages from France. He found Indians in Canada. There are many place names in Canada that come from the Indians. The first people who came to live there were the French. It became a French colony. But soon the English also became interested in this rich country and so for many years England and France fought for the right to be the masters of the new land. In 1759 the English captured the French fortress of Louisbourg. Then Quebec lay unprotected. After the winning of Quebec they conquered Montreal and the French rule came to an end. The English allowed the French to keep their Roman Catholic religion, civil law system and language so they would not try to break away from Britain. After the American War of Independence immigrants from Britain began to
residences. It is also used as a motif on decals for car windows, and clothing ornaments such as badges and lapel pins. Throughout the world it is used in public discourse to refer to the U.S., not only as a nation, state, government, and set of policies, but also as an ideology and set of ideals. The Statue of Liberty is a huge sculpture that is located on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. This monument was a gift to the USA from the people of France in recognition of the French-American alliance during the American Revolution. The formal name of the statue is "Liberty Enlightening the World." It pictures a woman who has escaping the chains of tyranny. Liberty's right hand holds a torch that is a symbol of liberty. Liberty was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The hollow copper statue was built in France - it was finished in July, 1884. It was brought to the USA in 350
The national tree is the maple. Canada is also the most tolerant societies in the world because only 13% of Canadians say that they would object their children marrying somebody of a different race, compared with 32% in the USA. Canada's political structure is independent constitutional monarchy and head of state is Elizabeth ll. The prime minister is Stephen Harpen. The important historical dates are: In 1608 Frenchman Chaplain established New France in Quebec. In 1759 Canada became part of the British Empire. In 1867 the Confederation of Canada was set up. In 1931 Canada became independent from Britain. Canada has a very high standard of living. It is also ranked number one on the UN ´Human Development Index´. The country is particularly advanced in areas of health, education, social protection and human rights. There are also many things that make Canada attractive for tourists. Many visitors
Columbia) along with 3 territories (the Yukon Territory, the Nunavut Territory and the Northwest Territories). History The first explorers were of many nationalities and came to Canada as early as 1,000 A.D., but it was the French who first began to colonize early in the 17th century. This was largely a French country for a century and a half, although New Brunswick and the mainland of Nova Scotia were coded to Britain in 1713. In 1735 a war began between France and England over the fur trade in North America. Since 1759 and on to this day Canada became British. In the middle of the 19th century it seemed practical to unite the colonies into one self- governing country. In 1867 the Dominion of Canada was created - an independent country within the British Empire consisting of 4 provinces: Ontario, New Brunswick, Quebec and Nova Scotia, with the monarch represented in Canada by governor-general. HOW CANADA GOT THE NAME CANADA
* is made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland which in turn are divided into counties * the flag is called the Union Jack which is a combination of the flags of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland * the population is about 60,000,000 people, the population density is 242 people/sq km * its coasts are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the Irish Sea. It is linked to France by the Channel Tunnel * the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who is also the Queen and Head of State of fifteen other Commonwealth Realms, such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Jamaica. England: * it has 50 cities, the capital city is London * despite of the density of population and the high degree of urbanisation, England has many unspoilt rural and coastal areas which have been placed under protection
Orkney Islands and the Hebrides. Geographical Position The UK is situated in the Northern Hemisphere. The United Kingdom is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the North Sea in the east, the Norwegian Sea in the north, and the English Channel, also known as La Manche, in the south and it also separates the country from the continent of Europe. The neighbours of the United Kingdom are Iceland in the north-west, Norway in the east and France in the south. Britain also has many dependant territories which are scattered throughout the world and are the remains of the huge former British Empire. Today Britain assists them, but they may become independent whenever they wish. There have been some difficulties with some of the territories. Argentina has made claims to the Falkland Islands and Spain to Gibraltar. History When the glaciers retreated from Britain about 10,000 years ago, Stone-Age men started to inhabit the isles
Mare Kallas Tallinn 2009 Introduction Name: The United States of America Area: ~10 mln km2 Population: ~300 mln people Symbols: The American Flag- consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white and represent the Thirteen Colonies. The 50 small, white stars represent the 50 U.S. states. The U.S. flag is commonly called ,,the Stars and Stripes". The Statue of Liberty, that is locatd in New York,is a gift from the France. The Libety Bell, that is a bronze bell that symbolizes freedom in the United States of America. It is located in Pennsylvania,U.S. Capital: Washington D.C Biggest city: New York National language: English Location U.S is located in North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. United States neighbour countries are Canada and Mexico. The USA has the 8th longest coastline in the world at ~20 000 km. 62% of the perimeter of the USA is coastline
Australia Australia is the only country in the world that covers an entire continent, yet also the smallest and the driest of all the continents. It's almost the same size as continental USA, being the sixth largest country in the world. It's also the oldest some of the rocks are more than 3,000 million years old. Australia is often called `Down Under', because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, its seasons are the opposite of ours. Australia, Tasmania and a number of smaller islands form the Commonwealth of Australia. Because of the country's great size, the climate in Australia ranges from tropical regions of the Northern Territory to the cool temperate conditions in the southeast and Tasmania, where it often snows in winter. In the north, half the year is `wet' and half is `dry'. From November to April heavy rain fills the rivers and makes enormous lakes where thousands of birds come for the summer. From May to October it is often sunny and dry for weeks, and it is
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