· What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3. Dear Sirs, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of the items which I received from your company. I have no other alternative but to cancel the order which 1 placed earlier this week ... 4. ..
To make recommendations: I would recommend/suggest ..., one solution/recommendation would be to..., it would be a good idea to... To express cause and result: by doing this, we could..., doing this would solve the problem, in order to, so that, this would mean that, as a result, this way General outline for letters: Salutation - Paragraph 1 - Paragraphs 2, 3 - Final paragraph - Name Dear... Reason for writing development closing remarksYours... Ametlik kiri, kui saaja nimi on teada 2nd August, 2011 Dear Mr Smith, ------------------------------------------------ Yours sincerely, Mary Stevens Ametlik kiri, kui saaja nimi ei ole teada 5th September, 2011 Dear Sir/Madam, ----------------------------------------------- Yours faithfully, James Robbins Linking words to list points: also, furthermore, in addition, moreover
like to thank you for the great opportunity to do so. I do have a few questions regarding the speech that I will be giving. As to the topic I am fine making my own choice, but I would like to ask you if there are any specific topics or subjects that you would prefer that I talk about? I would also like to know how much time I will be alloted to speak? Will it be in a formal or an informal setting for the speech? I look forward to hearing from you regarding these details. I also would like to confirm that I will be able to attend the charity dinner as well. Thank you again for the opportunity and I look forward to seeing you at the conference. Much regards, ...name
Closing to be given the opportunity to meet you together some other time, I'm sorry to remarks some other time, etc. miss, How about next week instead, etc. Asking for information Formal Informal I am writing to ask/inquire about, Could you Can you send me, Tell me if, Let me Opening possibly send, May I request, I would be know, etc. remarks grateful if, Could you please send further details etc. I would appreciate it if you could inform me Let me know, Tell me soon, Send me the Closing as soon as possible, I look forward to details, etc. remarks receiving, It would be of great help if you could fax me the details, etc. Giving information
paragraph. I am writing to complain about a holiday I booked with your company. I am writing to say that I am not satisfied with the standard of service at your restaurant. I am writing to you regarding the faulty TV-set which I bought from your store two weeks ago. I am writing in connection with a faulty appliance which I recently bought from your store. I am writing to express my utmost dissatisfaction with the service I received from your staff. I wish to make a serious complaint regarding your inefficient staff. Paragraphs 2 and 3 Describe the complaint in more detail. Give support! Include dates and times, people involved, the inconvenience you’ve been caused, etc. Do not copy the prompt, paraphrase instead. Use all the prompts, dividing them logically between paragraphs. Link ideas with appropriate linking words and phrases. NB! Try to be clear and factual rather than emotional.
No matter how mad you feel, aggression and confrontation does not encourage a helpful reaction to complaints. Good complaints letters with the above features tend to produce better outcomes: - Concise letters can be understood quickly. - Authoritative letters - letters that are well written and professionally presented - have more credibility and are taken more seriously. - Factual letters enable the reader to see immediately the relevant details, dates, requirements, etc., and to justify action to resolve the complaint. - Constructive letters - with positive statements, suggesting positive actions - encourage action and quicker decisions. - Friendly letters - with a considerate, cooperative and complimentary tone - are prioritised because the reader responds positively to the writer and wants to help. SAMPLE LETTER Dear Sir or Madam,
FORMAL LETTER 120 (+/-10%) words I It is a formal letter. Do not use any contracted forms (don’t, can’t, I’m etc.)! II * Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Smith (No first name!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp – Yours sincerely ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis – Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja ülesandes antud nimi Do not use your own name!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Enamasti Mart Mets või Mari Mets TYPES OF LETTERS 1) Asking for advice I am writing to ask if you could help me with … I am writing to ask for your advice … Closing line: I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible.
.. this is not.... real. You are having a dream, my love!" 4 Kirjapraktika Portfoolio 2013 6. Official letters a) letter of application Kuuse 1 Haapsalu Estonia 27 September 2013 Adrian Warren Personnel Manager Head Office Northgate Halstead Road London N2 8PT Administrator Dear Mr. Warren, I am writing in regard to your advertisement for hotel staff which appeared in the Lääne Elu newspaper (25 September 2013) I am 22 years old and I am currently studying to become an English teacher in Estonia, therefore, I speak English fluently. I have worked as an administrator for three years in a local hotel. I have learned all I could about my position and wish to expand my experiences. I am the assistant- manager at my current post and am responsible for most that goes on in the hotel. I have good
If i were you, i would...You should/shouldnt ... questions ect. children. I would be really The best thing to do is...Why dont u ...? --closing remarks, thank people again interested in applying for the job....i Another idea is to.. REFUSING(Thanks a lot for the invitation, am writing regarding(kohta) your Unfortunately, i wont be able to make it.) advertisement. RESULT:This would mean that...That way..If u --opening remarks, thanks for invitation i would appreciate a reply at your do this... --refuse invitation, give reasons--closing remarks, thans earliest ENDING:I hope my advice helps
year. What a fine thing for our girls!" "How so? How can it affect them?" "My dear Mr. Bennet," replied his wife, "how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them." "Is that his design in settling here?" "Design! Nonsense, how can you talk so! But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes." "I see no occasion for that. You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party." "My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty." "In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of." "But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr
NB! There is no punctuation after abbreviations ,,Mr", ,,Mrs" or ,,Ms". In case you are writing to a female person and you do not know wheter she has been married or not, it is not important whether you use ,,Ms" or ,,Mrs". You have to use one of them. 1. The first paragraph is meant for saying why you write, where did you get the information from and what the advertisement was about. In case newspaper's name is not mentioned in the task, it would be good if you could make one up. P1: General information For example: ,,I am writing to you in response to your advertisement in The Times about a flat to let at Finsbury Park, London." This would be the whole first paragraph and totally acceptable. Usually it is quite well said in the task, which information you have to ask. There are about 6-7 questions. It is essential that you put them in a logical order. Some of the questions (at least 3-4 questions) should be indirect questions. NB
TOTAL absolutely (fantastic) completely (awful) entirely (depressing) totally (unacceptable) VERY STRONG extremely (good) very (bad) highly (dangerous) MODERATE fairly (safe) reasonably (expensive) quite (cheap) Minimizing Look at the way the following expressions of degree and uncertainty modify, or minimize, the message: It seems we will have to delay the delivery. The Chief Executive Officer appears to have left the country. It's just a little bit further. We're going to reduce our staff a bit. Perhaps we should consider resigning. There might be another way. I tend to think we should stop now. To some extent, the company has failed to realize its potential. Intonation is also very important in giving more or less emphasis to what we say. THE MAIN POINTS TO REMEMBER Language the don'ts Language the dos Avoid jargon Use everyday language
" There are plenty of organisations able to help people embark on their journey of career change. SMP Solutions is among them. Steve Preston, the director, says that while some people opt for one-to-one advice and support, others benefit from group workshops. "People are not very good at talking about themselves in a positive way and what happens in a group dynamic is that people point out others' strengths and potential ideas for careers. It works well." Emma White, a personal development coach, believes it's important that people understand the breadth of careers out there. "Sometimes I get people coming to me saying something like, 'I just know I want to work with animals.' They go away amazed at the opportunities available." You might even like your new role so much that your partner decides to copy you. When Chris Oldale, 43, an HR manager, went on a taster course about becoming a gas engineer, he took his wife, 49, along
6 Irregular verbs Infinitive Past simple Past participle Translation be was / were been beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought brought build built built buy bought bought can could (been able) catch caught caught choose chose chose come came come cost cost cost cut cut cut do did done drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feel felt felt
.../ I was employed as ......(position) by .... (company) from ... (date) to ... (date). CV: Please find attached my CV./ As you can see from the attached CV, ..../ I enclose /Please find enclosed my CV / references from.... Closing remarks: Please do not hesitate to contact me if / should you require further information..../ I am available for the interview at your convenience./ I would be available for the interview at any time./ I would be pleased to supply you with any further details. LETTER OF INVITATION Accepting invitation Opening remarks: I am writing to thank you for the kind invitation/ Thank you for the kind invitation which I would be honoured to accept, etc. Closing remarks: I look forward to seeing you /We await the event with great anticipation, etc. Refusing invitation Opening remarks: We thank you for your recent invitation to ... but .... etc.
J: - Ok, I'll go to that counter and speak to clerk. Wait for me, please! Can you go and by tickets with me after this? H: - Certainly! Discuss the functions of post office H: - There are a lot of functions of post office. Of course, we have friends in different parts of the world, but it's really expensive to call them often. J: - Yes. Some people can use Internet, but not everyone is provided with it. So, then you can send letters... H: - Oh, yeah! It's really convenient! You can send even photos, is spite of the fact that the envelope is heavy. You can just send registered letter! J: - And if you don't know the exact address of addressee, you can send post restante letters. H: - And we can send even gifts for birthdays! Of course, it's not cheep, but it's better than nothing. I mean sending parcels. J: - Yeah, that's good. They go not very fast, but, after all, if there is no occasion to congratulate you nearest and dearest, it's really nice thing
Useful Vocabulary for Letters of Application In the introduction I am writing to apply for the post/ position of .....as advertised / which was advertised ( in the Times on 13 May 2010 / in the local newspaper/ on the noticeboard in my school) I am writing in response to the job which I saw advertised in (the Daily Herald) With reference to your advertisement in the Guardian (of 25 January 2003), I would like to apply for the post of ...... I saw your advertisement in...... and I would like to be considered for the job I heard about this position through my careers officer at school I believe that I have all the necessary skills and qualifications for this post I believe that I would be suitable for this post In the main body I am an 18-year-old student.../ I am 18 years old.... I am currently in the final year of ..... I am currently studying for my Second
BUSINESS PLAN MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED 2018 Business and owner details Business name MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED Owner(s) name MARTIN PÕLD Business address and postcode 12 CARLISLE STREET LEICESTER LE3 6AF Business telephone number +447726779223 Business email address [email protected] Home address and postcode (if different from the above) Executive summary 1.1 Business summary: My business idea is simple: MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED is importing canned food (meat products and ready meals) from Estonia to the United Kingdom
Dear Sir/Madam I am writing to complain about the computer I bought at your store last week. When I tried to turn the computer on at home, it did not work. The screen was black and the computer made an odd noise. I performed in the manner as the user manual wrote. Since the computer was guaranteed for 2 years, I took it back to your store but the shop assistant did not help me. She was impolite and arrogant and she said that she could do nothing. I am most disappointed and require my money back or a new product. I hope that this problem will find a solution in a week. Yours faithfully Mari Mets (117) January 21, 2014 Dear Sir/Madam I am writing in response to your advertisement in the last week edition of "The Job-Hunter". I would like to attend the TV talent show.
This is what your life is meant to include. You are engineered for success and designed to have high levels of self-esteem, self-respect, and personal pride. You are extraordi- nary; there has never been anyone exactly like you in all the history of mankind on earth.You have absolutely amazing untapped talents and abilities that, when properly unleashed and applied, can bring you everything you could ever want in life. You are living at the greatest time in all of human history. You are surrounded by abundant opportunities that you can take advan- tage of to realize your dreams. The only real limits on what you can be, do, or have are the limits you place on yourself by your own thinking.Your future is virtually unlimited. ■ GET REAL! How did you react to the preceding three paragraphs? You probably
Writing letters Main rules !!!Always write something on the "Subject" line (university emails: e.g. name or code of the course, then issue, topic etc) If the matter is urgent, you may write so on the "Subject" line Start and end your email properly (also making sure the other person knows who you are) "you" is spelled with a capital letter only at the beginning of a sentence, NEVER in the middle In official emails do not abbreviate (e.g., "I am" instead of "I'm", "do not" instead of "don't", "cannot" instead of "can't" etc). Also, do not use colloquial expressions such as "fyi" etc. Pay attention to punctuation and spelling use spell check. Specifics beginning a letter If you don't know the name of the recipient: Dear Sir/Madam, To whom it may concern, If you know the name of the recipient: Dear Mr/Ms Jones, If you know the name and it's informal (or you have been writing emails to each other back and forth quite a lot already):
ORGON, husband of Elmire ELMIRE, wife of Orgon DAMIS, son of Orgon MARIANE, daughter of Orgon, in love with Valere CLEANTE, brother-in-law of Orgon TARTUFFE, a hypocrite DORINE, Mariane's maid M. LOYAL, a bailiff A Police Officer FLIPOTTE, Madame Pernelle's servant The Scene is at Paris ACT I SCENE I MADAME PERNELLE and FLIPOTTE, her servant; ELMIRE, MARIANE, CLEANTE, DAMIS, DORINE MADAME PERNELLE Come, come, Flipotte, and let me get away. ELMIRE You hurry so, I hardly can attend you. MADAME PERNELLE Then don't, my daughter-in law. Stay where you are. I can dispense with your polite attentions. ELMIRE We're only paying what is due you, mother. Why must you go away in such a hurry? MADAME PERNELLE Because I can't endure your carryings-on, And no one takes the slightest pains to please me. I leave your house, I tell you, quite disgusted; You do the opposite of my instructions; You've no respect for anything; each one Must have his say; it's perfect pandemonium. DORINE
temples.Also Japan is known for its robots and technical gadgets. And of course I like to see citylights in the night and go shopping to big centres. Shibuya 109 is a mutli-storey shopping centre just for teenage girs. And Akihabara in Tokyo is know solely for its electronics and games. Finally, the only negative aspect about travelling is that then I will not see my friends and family for long time. But we could use Skype for chatting and I can send them new exciting pictures every day. Please write to me about your travelling dreams and places where you have already been. Best regards,
", "When?", "Who?","Why?". If its done once, nobody cares but when someone all the time and everywhere needs to know what others are talking about well it's kind of annoying. And then there are these kind of people who smoothly move from one group of people to another group of people and collect any kind of information like bees collect pollen so afterwards they could tell everything they heard to their friends and to add some spice to the whole story they supplement some tiny details which they made up in their heads. In Estonia we have this saying: "In the one edge of a village you farted but in the other edge of village people tell that you pooped yourself." I'm not saying that I never want to know what do other people talk about or I never talk my friends what I have heard. The difference is that I don't judge we're all humans and have our pros and gons. Unfortunately those people don't understand that and at the end of the day everyone knows that
Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in response to your advertisment in today's The Thames about the part-time job in accounts department. I am seventeen-year-old high school student and am very interested in this position. When I graduate school I would like to do a similar job to this so I think it would be a great opportunity to gain some work experience. Unfortunately I do not have any formal work experience, but I have been often told that I am good with money and every time my family have inancial problems or when we are willing to take a loan then my parents always ask my opinion so we could work out the best solution for us. As far as my personality is concerned I would describe myself honest, reliable and hard- working. I am a sociable person and I enjoy working with other as part of a team. I am also a quick learner and very good at maths, which I think is quite important for this job. If you wish me to attend an interview, I am available at any time. Thank you for considering my ap
either from Britain or France. It was especially a poignant time for Africa, as then British Prime Minister Harold McMillan articulated his now famous “winds of change” sweeping Africa. We had high hopes for Africa, for the Black race, that the insidious imposition of foreign rule on us, the looting of Africa’s natural resources by our colonial masters accorded us would be things of history. That is more than forty years ago. Unfortunately, the promise of independence has not been fulfilled. Today, Africa has become more desolate; there is more starvation, diseases and non-provision of essential services than when we got our independence. There are all kinds of wars in Africa than the rest of world put together. The majority of so-called Africans leaders want to stay in power until the day their bodies are put in the grave. Through buffoonery, utter mismanagement and downright stealing of the wealth of the masses,
on a trip. "Would you like to come to Bath with us, Catherine?" asked Mrs Allen. Of course Catherine wanted to go because her life had been quite sheltered until that moment. Bath was a resort for the wealthier members of British society, so it was a new world for Catherine. The life there differed from the one back at home. "How uncomfortable it is," whispered Catherine, "not to have a single acquaintance here" "Yes, my dear," replied Mrs. Allen, with perfect serenity, "it is very uncomfortable indeed." In Bath, Catherine met a young clergyman Henry Tilney. "Have you been long in Bath, madam?" "About a week," replied Catherine, trying not to laugh. "Really!" with affected astonishment. "Why should you be surprised, sir?" "Why, indeed?" said he, in his natural tone "but some emotion must appear to be raised by your reply, and surprise is more easily assumed, and not less reasonable than any other."
1 "We should head to a bar and celebrate." I wasn't surprised by my roommate's emphatic pronouncement. Cary Taylor found excuses to celebrate, no matter how small and inconsequential. I'd always considered it part of his charm. "I'm sure drinking the night before starting a new job is a bad idea." "Come on, Eva." Cary sat on our new living room floor amid a half-dozen moving boxes and flashed his winning smile. We'd been unpacking for days, yet he still looked amazing. Leanly built, dark-haired, and green-eyed, Cary was a man who rarely looked anything less than absolutely gorgeous on any day of his life. I might have resented that if he hadn't been the dearest person on earth to me. "I'm not talking about a bender," he insisted. "Just a glass of wine or two. We can hit a happy hour and be in by eight." "I don't know if I'll make it back in time
It was to Forks that I now exiled myself-- an action that I took with great horror. I detested Forks. I loved Phoenix. I loved the sun and the blistering heat. I loved the vigorous, sprawling city. "Bella," my mom said to me -- the last of a thousand times -- before I got on the plane. "You don't have to do this." My mom looks like me, except with short hair and laugh lines. I felt a spasm of panic as I stared at her wide, childlike eyes. How could I leave my loving, erratic, harebrained mother to fend for herself? Of course she had Phil now, so the bills would probably get paid, there would be food in the refrigerator, gas in her car, and someone to call when she got lost, but still... "I want to go," I lied. I'd always been a bad liar, but I'd been saying this lie so frequently lately that it sounded almost convincing now. "Tell Charlie I said hi." "I will." "I'll see you soon," she insisted
I agree that in a small town it is often harder to find the right resources for going abroad. Some years ago I felt this kind of situation very clearly. I really wanted to see the world! The only question was how, because my financial resources were limited. Nevertheless, I think, it is the perfect situation in life. If you are eager to get something you have to think how it is possible to fulfill your dreams. I knew I was interested in writing and photography . Then came the question, how could I combine them. I examined the theme thoroughly and to my suprise there have always been many nationwide competitions for students and the prize sometimes has been a journey to somewhere. I rememember clearly that the first prize that I got for an essay was a backpack and the first journey that I won was to Brussels. To this day, thanks to these competitions, I have had the chance to visit about ten foreign countries and many of them even twice
Respond naturally in 2-3 utterances but you are not expected to be lengthy at this stage. Speak fluently with appropriate pronunciation and intonation and only natural pauses. Express yourself confidently, clearly and politely. If you fail to understand the question, say `Pardon?' with the rising tone and the interviewer will interpret the question to make it clear for you. The following expressions of asking someone to repeat can also be useful: - Could you say that again, please? - Would you mind repeating that, please? - Could you repeat that, please? Once you have finished, you will be moved on to the next task. The interviewer will hand you a card with a task on it. You will read it to yourself. You will have 1 minute to think about it. You will be told when the time is up. Note-taking is not allowed at this stage. Role play is interaction! Interact naturally with appropriate openings, responses, fillers, amplifications: 1
In this case, avoiding certain foods as prevention is obviously necessary. Other more serious genetic diseases, for instance neuropathies, spinocerebellar degenerations, and certain metabolic disorders, cannot be treated by prevention and need to be treated medically. In conclusion, although many illnesses are preventable, in some cases, however, it may already be too late for any prevention efforts; and the money could be spent on research and on developing cures for people with chronic disorders. Dear Sir/Madam, I am writing in the hope that you can help me with a problem regarding a camera that I have bought recently. On 24 April, I purchased a Canon digital SLR camera from a duty-free shop at Freetown Airport on my way from Freetown to Wondercity. The camera cost $599, and I paid for it by credit card.
.. . I believe my greatest strenghts are ... . In terms of my carreer, I see myself (doing something/as ...). I hope that the above experiences and skills make me convenient for filling this vacancy at your company. I am looking forward that my application can be assessed and approved at your earliest convenience. I am available for interview at your earliest convenience. If you have further details or information, please do not hesitate to contact me. Päris lõppu, pärast „Yours sincerely/faithfully..“, kui sul on midagi manuses saata, nt CV, soovituskiri, mõni tunnistus vms. PS! Please find attached the following documents:
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