Estonian cuisine The traditional cuisine of Estonia has substantially been based on meat and potatoes, and on fish in coastal and lakeside areas, but is influenced by many other cuisines by now. In the present day it includes a variety of international foods and dishes, with a number of contributions from the traditions of nearby countries. German, Scandinavian, Russian and other influences have played their part. The most typical foods in Estonia have been rye bread, pork, potatoes and dairy products. Estonian eating habits have historically been closely linked to the seasons. In terms of staples, Estonia belongs firmly to the beer, vodka, rye bread and pork "belt" of Europe. The Cold Table Flounder
Estonian National Cuisine re a d a c k B Bl The word ,,bread" came to Estonian from Germanic languages. Traditional black bread spread in Estonia in the second century. In a household people usually baked bread on Saturdays. Depending on the size of the family, they usually made 6-10 loaves of bread. One loaf of bread usually weighed about 2-5 kg. Beliefs and habits If a piece of bread was dropped, it had to be picked up and given a kiss so that hunger would not come to the house. A loaf of bread was never put on a table upside crust down. That would predict a family member's death. It was not allowed to lay a loaf of bread with its cut side to the door, because then the house would run out of bread. Eating the crusty end of bread would give a girl nice breasts. Warm bread was supposed to be broken not cut. Christmas bread
that it must contain sufficient amount of nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, minerals etc. Improper diet may result in... · Failure to flourish · Poor growth · Poor development · Poor physical and mental health · Infections disease · Even death. But even if you take over diet it may leads to... · Weight gain · Insulin resistance · Diabetes · Obesity · Heart conditions · Many other diet related diseases · And death. Healthy Eating Pyramid Fruit and vegetables: take 5 portions a day from this group Carbohydrates: take most food from this group (rice, pasta, bread, potatoes) Healthy Eating Pyramid Meat, fish and dairy: take something from this group Fruit and vegetables: take 5 portions a day from this group Carbohydrates: take most
Eating habits in Estonia Mari-Ann Lepp 9th A class History Traditional Estonian food has its roots firmly in the countryside The main culinary influences were from Germans The Estonian cuisine is historically pretty poor- pork, fish, cabbage soup, potatoes, vegetables and dairy products. Eating times and habits Depending on the rhythm of life, different Estonians also have different preferences in meal times and meals. a light breakfast most important meal of the day lunch around six or seven o'clock we have dinner. Eating habits:when, what, why? Estonian eating habits have historically been closely linked to the seasons. black rye bread mushrooms, jams, and preserved foods as modestly spiced.The most coveted spice was salt Traditions... the age-old combination of potato and sauce
peppercorns, bay leaves and onions and is braised in the marinade for a long period, resulting in very tender melt-in-the-mouth meat. The Black Forest: cake is one of the most popular German national foods. Cake consists of several layers of chocolate cake, with whipped cream and cherries between each layer. Then the cake is decorated with additional whipped cream and chocolate shavings. A Schnitzel in German is a slice of pork or veal haunch. Dish made with boneless meat thinned with a mallet (escalope-style preparation), coated in bread crumbs and fried. Only if it is made of veal and coated in bread crumbs is it called Wiener Schnitzel; a pork version is called Schnitzel Wiener Art (Viennese type schnitzel). These are served with a slice of lemon and without a sauce. Both often are referred to as simply Schnitzel. Poland Bigos: It is a soupy stew made from meat and cabbage, red wine, along with other vegetables
ENGLISH N ATIONAL FOODS AND DRINK S CREATED B Y: SUNDAY ROAST: The Sunday Roast is a traditional British main meal served on Sundays. (usually for lunch) It includes: roast potatoes (or boiled or mashed potatoes), roast beef, lamb, pork or a roast chicken and vegetables. Sauces are chosen depending on the type of meat. FISH AND CHIPS: England is internationally famous for it's fish and chips. Large number of restaurants and takeaway shops selling this dish. The most popular English dish. There are lot of different combinations, but the traditional is potato slices cooked with fish. SAUSAGES: English sausages are colloquially known as ,,bangers". They are made from fresh meat and rarely smoked, dried or stronglu flavoured. A variant of the sausage is the black pudding. (you can eat every part of pig except it's squeal)
Diet consists mainly of fruits and vegetables, meat, cereals, dairy products and honey. Also, drinks containing different types of spices. · During the Gupta empire influenced by diet buduism and jainism. Many religious people were vegetarians. Most of the people consumed the chickens, sheep and goat meat. · Muslims also put emphasis on the development of food. Indians brought to the diet of dried fruit and flat bread. India introduced the dietary habits of the Portuguese and Chinese. · Indian diet is mixed with a variety of cultures. Etiquette: · Traditionally, meals were eaten while seated either on the floor or on very low stools or cushions. · Food is most often eaten without cutlery, instead using the right hand. Among the middle class throughout India, spoons and forks are commonplace. · Hot food is served on banana leaves, the leaves add aroma and taste to the food. Eating habits:
Mozambique. Indigenous cookery traditional South African cuisine In the precolonial period, indigenous cuisine was characterized by the use of a very wide range of fruits, nuts, bulbs, leaves and other products gathered from wild plants and by the hunting of wild game. The domestication of cattle in the region about two thousand years ago by Khoisan groups enabled the use of milk products and the availability of fresh meat. However, during the colonial period the seizure of communal land in South Africa restricted and discouraged traditional agriculture and wild harvesting, and reduced the extent of land available to black people. Decline of indigenous cookery Urbanization from the nineteenth century, coupled with close control over agricultural production, led black South Africans to rely more and more on comparatively expensive, industrially-processed foodstuffs like wheat flour, white rice, mealie
Ursula Potivar Healthy eating and school lunches Healthy eating Healthy eating is about feeling great, having more energy, and keeping yourself as healthy as possible. Healthy eating is a way of balancing the food you eat to keep your body strong, energized, and well nourished. When you eat well, you are taking good care of your body. Your food choices can reduce your risk of illnesses such as heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, as well as defend against depression. Additionally, learning the habits of healthy eating can improve your health by boosting your energy, sharpening your memory and stabilizing your mood. Fruits and vegetables.
the forest, and using these tiny tart red fruits to make the jam-like preserve. Open sandwiches When you order a sandwich, don’t be surprised if it involves just a single slice of bread. The concept of open sandwiches dates back to the 15th century when thick slabs of bread were used as plates. In Sweden, the shrimp sandwich (räksmörgås) remains the option fit for a king. Piled high with a mix of boiled egg slices, lettuce, tomato and cucumber, this seafood snack is often topped with creamy blended with dill sprigs and roe. Pickled herring — center of the smorgasbord You might swap out meatballs (köttbullar) for mini sausages (prinskorv) or pick cured salmon (gravad lax) rather than smoked, but your smorgasbord wouldn’t be complete without pickled herring (sill). For this fishy favorite remains the basis of every typical Swedish buffet
famous Italian foods such as pasta, pizza, cannoli and red or white wine. Italian cuisine often contains a lot of carbs and sometimes fats. Italian food also has a lot of vegetables and healthy fats, such as olives, broccoli, and lettuces. Italians are also famous for the different kinds of breads they make. Spaghetti is traditional Italian cuisine Ingredients and dishes vary by region. Many dishes that were once regional, however, have proliferated with variations across the country. Cheese and wine are a major part of the cuisine, with many variations and Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) (regulated appellation) laws. Coffee, specifically espresso, has become important in Italian cuisine. Essential Italian herbs and spices in the Essential Italian food in the kitchen: kitchen:
family celebrations or funerals. Traditionally, women have not worked outside the home except to help on the family farm, but in Dublin and other cities the majority of women now have jobs. 34.2 percent (1999)Salary levels for women still lag behind those of men, but gender discrimination is illegal. The Irish have elected two consecutive women presidents since 1991. . Eating As an agricultural country, Ireland produces many fresh vegetables. Fresh dairy products, breads, and seafood are also widely available. Potatoes, once eaten at every meal, are still regularly served, but the Irish have embraced other foods such as pasta and rice. Apples, oranges, and pears have long been integral to the Irish diet, but are now joined by a wider variety of fruit that have become available since Ireland joined the European Union (EU). Smoked salmon is considered an Irish specialty, as are Irish stew and Irish lamb
Christmas in Australia Christmas in Australia is often very hot. Whereas the northern hemisphere is in the middle of winter, Australians are baking in summer heat. It is not unusual to have Christmas Day well into the mid 30 degrees Celsius, or near 100 degrees Fahrenheit. A traditional meal includes a turkey dinner, with ham, and pork. A flaming Christmas plum pudding is added for dessert. In the Australian gold rushes, Christmas puddings often contained a gold nugget. Today a small favor is baked inside. Whoever finds this knows s/he will enjoy good luck. Another treat is Mince Pies. Some Australians and particularly tourists often have their Christmas dinner at midday on a local beach, Bondi Beach in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs attracts thousands of people on Christmas Day. Other families enjoy their day by having a picnic
Food, Restaurants and Cooking Task 1. Underline the most suitable word or phrase. a) Waiter, could you bring me the account/bill/addition, please? b) It's a very popular restaurant - we should apply for/book/keep a table. c) If you're hungry, why not ask for a large dish/plate/portion? d) Please help/serve/wait yourself to salads from the salad bar. e) Waiter, can I see the catalogue/directory/menu, please? f) This fish is not what I called/commanded/ordered. g) This dish/plate/serving is a speciality of our restaurant. h) Have you tried the crude/raw/undercooked fish at the new Japanese restaurant? i) Paul never eats meat, he's a vegetable/vegetarian/vegetation. j) Have you decided what to have for your main course/food/helping? Task 2. Complete each sentence (a-j) with a suitable ending (1-10). Use each ending once. a) Dinner's nearly ready. Can you lay ...6… 1
British Cuisine Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home
associate editor of several books in recent (IFT). xv Handbook of Meat Processing Part I Technologies Chapter 1 Chemistry and Biochemistry of Meat Elisabeth Huff-Lonergan Introduction content is 75% of the weight of the muscle; however, can vary, particularly in postmor- Muscle cells are among the most highly orga- tem muscle (range of 65–80%). Within the nized cells in the animal body and perform a muscle, it is the primary component of extra- varied array of mechanical functions. They cellular fluid. Within the muscle cell, water are required for the movement of limbs,
Estonia from Finland. The Gulf of Riga is situated to the south-west. Estonia has more than 1500 islands. The biggest ones are located to the west. The four biggest islands are Saaremaa, Hiiumaa, Vormsi and Muhu. The highest point in Estonia and also in the Baltic region is Suur Munamägi. It is 318. above sea level. Estonia is a country of a thousand lakes. The Largest one is Lake Peipsi which is also the fourth biggest freshwater lake in Europe. Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärv are rich in fish. Estonia has many rivers but only nine of them are longer than 100km. The most important ones are Pärnu River and Emajõgi River Climate Estonia lies in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Because Estonia is continuously warmed by the Gulf Stream it has a milder climate despite its northern latitude. Northern latitude means long
REVERSING INJURIES Reversing "Permanent" Injuries How to Pay for a Beach Vacation with One Hospital Visit Pre-Hab: Injury-Proofing the Body RUNNING FASTER AND FARTHER Hacking the NFL Combine I: Preliminaries--Jumping Higher Hacking the NFL Combine II: Running Faster Ultraendurance I: Going from 5K to 50K in 12 Weeks--Phase I Ultraendurance II: Going from 5K to 50K in 12 Weeks--Phase II GETTING STRONGER Effortless Superhuman: Breaking World Records with Barry Ross Eating the Elephant: How to Add 100 Pounds to Your Bench Press FROM SWIMMING TO SWINGING How I Learned to Swim Effortlessly in 10 Days The Architecture of Babe Ruth How to Hold Your Breath Longer Than Houdini ON LONGER AND BETTER LIFE Living Forever: Vaccines, Bleeding, and Other Fun CLOSING THOUGHTS Closing Thoughts: The Trojan Horse APPENDICES AND EXTRAS Helpful Measurements and Conversions Getting Tested--From Nutrients to Muscle Fibers Muscles of the Body (Partial)
Tallinn to join in the celebrations. Visitors from other countries converge in Tallinn to experience the powerful singing, lively dances and intricate, colourful folk costumes at first hand. If you're interested in seeing this spectacular live performance, or maybe even taking part in a festival, the next event happens in 2004, 2009 and 2013. The song festivals began in 1869, part of the romantic and nationalist movement in Europe. They developed a network of interactions among people along with making folk customs more widely known and practiced. The solidarity that the continued performance of the song festivals fostered, along with the logistics of moving large numbers of people around the country, served the Estonians well in their enormous demonstration for freedom in 1989, the Baltic Chain. The official Üldlaulupidu site gives a route to ordering VHS tapes and DVDs of the song and dance festivals. It also has a gazillion photos.
wheres during the shortest day in winter the sun appears for a mere 6 hours 3 minutes. Moreover, the long twilight time makes the transition between day and night rather smooth and the nights around the Midsummer Day shorter still. 7. Flora & fauna Estonia's plants and animals aren't represented in great variety. The percent of forests is growing every year and the most common trees are pine, birch, spruce, aspen, oak and alder. Forests offer a habitat to different wild animals. Among 65 species of mammals, the most widespread are the elk, roe deer, wild boar, hare, hedgehog, squirrel, fox and marten. Some endangered species, such as the brown bear, lynx and wolf, are represented in small numbers. Estonia is believed to have 40,000 living species, but only about 23,500 have so far been discovered. Compared to more northern areas, Estonia has one of the richest diversities of flora and fauna. Estonia's meadows are very rich in different species
Sunflower began as an important agronomic crop in the U.S. in the 1950's, starting in North Dakota and Minnesota. Seeds, kernel(tuum), what is the difference? The answer, there isn't a difference. Here is how the NSA refers to sunflower seeds/kernel: · In-shell means the seed is left intact with the "meat" of the seed still in the shell. It is normally roasted and seasoned. It is eaten as a snack by cracking the shell with one's teeth, discarding the hull and eating the delicious morsel within. 'Chew and spit' is a great American pastime, especially at baseball games and other outdoor events. · Kernel means the processor has mechanically removed the hull. The resulting kernel is now in a convenient form to be sold raw or roasted for snacking or as an ingredient. Confection/Non-oil Sunflower Characteristics Confection sunflower seeds are normally black with white stripes and approximately five eighths of an inch long
With its spectacular nature Canada is wonderful. Location. Canada is a huge country in the continent of North America. It is bordered with the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, the United States of America in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north. Canada is a vast country, with a territory of 3.8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. Geographical facts. Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains. There are thousands of miles of coastline with beaches, fjords
heart.org/ idc/groups/ahamah-public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_425988.pdf 15.10.2016 9National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,’’Coronary Artery Disease’’, Medline Plus, https:// medlineplus.gov/coronaryarterydisease.html, 15.10.2016 6 for it is the liver. The more saturated and trans fats are eaten the more LDL-cholesterol is produced by the liver.10 There has been much disputation over whether eating cholesterol rich foods raise blood cholesterol levels or not. Some of the earliest scientific studies have proven that high consumption of cholesterol containing foods and/or saturated fat are connected to atherosclerosis, but recent studies have been disproving them. Despite these findings, individuals who eat a diet low in animal derived foods have been found to have lower incidence of heart disease. 11
Decathlon Kümnevõistlus Adventure stories Seiklusjutud Detective stories Kriminaallood Historical novels Ajaloolised romaanid Poetry Luule Romance Armastusromaan Science fiction Ulmejutt Travel books Reisiraamatud Fairy tales muinasjutud Do you agree? Watching theatre performances on TV is just like eating canned food. Circus shows are exciting only for kids. The life of top sportsmen is only hard work and no fun at all. Nowadays sport is not so popular with young people as it was about ten years ago. WEATHER 1. What´s the weather like today? 2. What does the weather forecast say about tomorrow? 3. What kind of weather do you like best? Describe the weather you like best. 4. Is it good to have four seasons? Why? Why not? 5. Which season do you like best
crocodile bird bear Word File Here are more words for animals: cat goose cow hen dog horse dolphin mouse duck parrot fish shark goat whale These are words for places. They are common nouns. beach park Word File Here are more words for places: airport market cave mountain library church playground
The capital of Canada is Ottawa. Other large cities are Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Quebec. 2. Geographical position Canada is a huge country in the continent of North America. It is bordered with the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west, the United States of America in the south and the Arctic Ocean in the north. Canada is a vast country, with a territory of 3.8 million square miles of land and fresh water it is the second biggest country in the world after Russia. Canada covers most of the northern part of North America. Canada has over 151,480 miles of coastline. Most of Canada's human population lives along its southern border. 3. Relief Canada's geography is very diverse. It has huge lakes, evergreen forests, prairies, meadows and beautiful mountains
MODULE 1 Greeting. Introducing oneself and the others. The alphabet. Spelling. The tenses. How to introduce yourself and others Formal introductions How to respond and reply to an May I introduce myself? I am John introduction Smith. How do you do. Allow me to introduce John Smith to Pleased to meet you. you. Standard introduction Nice to meet you. I'd like you to meet John Smith. Hello. I want you to meet John Smith. I'm so pleased to meet you. This is Jane Smith. I'm Jane Smith. My name's John Smith. Informal introduction Hi. John. Jane. Hello. Titles: Mr Mrs Miss Ms Ms is a modern form of address for women. It replaces the traditional forms of Mrs and Miss. Greetings Good morning/afternoon/evening! 'How are you?' Very often people expect you to s
11 16. Prepositions a at, to al lado de beside, alongside of con with alrededor de around contra against cerca de near, close to de of, from lejos de far from en in, on delante de in front of entre between, among debajo de below, under hacia towards, about en frente de opposite para for, in order, by detrás de behind por for, through, along, via encima de above, on top of sobre on, over hasta till, until sin without desde from, since
can be identified. The faction in Tartu, gathered round the newspaper Postimees, was led by Jaan Tõnisson (1868-1941?), a lawyer and politician, one of the founders of the first Estonian bank in 1902 and establisher of the first Estonian political party Rahvameelne Eduerakond (National Progressive Party) in 1905.1 The group in Tallinn centred round the newspaper Teataja (The Announcer), and was headed by the lawyer and politician Konstantin Päts (1874-1957). Among the members were the writers Eduard Vilde (1865-1933), Anton Hansen Tammsaare (1878-1940), and the philologist Johann Voldemar Veski (1873-1968). The newspaper concentrated on economic development, social problems and democratic reform, availability of primary and secondary education in the native language of Estonians. In Estonian literature critical realism came to the fore, exemplified in the works of Eduard Vilde, many of which have a strong social background; Külmale maale (To
activities. Each of the lights, car miles, games, and other appliances was converted to a common unit of power consumption called kilowatt-hours. The spreadsheet was used to determine how many kilowatt-hours were used during each day, each week, and each year for each energy consumption activity. The spreadsheet converted their energy consumption to show them the amount of money it costs for each energy consumption activity. In the end, they were shocked to see how much money Jules' energy using habits cost compared to Les' habits. USES OF ENERGY The United States is a highly developed and industrialized society. We use a lot of energy - in our homes, in businesses, inindustry, and for traveling between all these different places. The industrial sector uses almost one-third of the total energy. The residential and commercial sectors combined use 39 percent of all energy. These two sectors include all 4
Choices that contain such words are usually not correct. Extended Conversation / Minitalks In Part C you will hear an extended conversation or a minitalk. The English in this section is generally more formal and academic, typical of English conversation or lectures that take place in a university or college setting. After each conversation or minitalk, there are between four and eight spoken questions about its content. Choose your answer from among the four choices that appear in your test book-let. Look at the example here. YOU WILL HERE: Man: Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this tour of one of the nation's most important cities, Chicago. Before we begin, I'd like to give you some background information that will make the tour more enjoyable for you. The city was founded in 1837. Its strategic location on Lake Michigan quickly made it the center of commerce for the Midwest section of the country. It is
Science and Practice, gra ted throughout. For instance, brain imaging research is presented, showing here are 5 good reasons! how the "Expensive = Good" heuristic o Updated coverage of social influence leads people to perceive more costly effects in popular culture, such as the items as better than (identical) less contagion of obesity among the young costly ones. and the contagion of violence in such tragedies as the Virginia Tech and North- o Enhanced coverage of "how to say no." New evidence is presented to ern Illinois mass killings. help readers identify their special
facilitates understanding. A glossary may also serve as a handy reference. The definitions in this one are informal and ostensive. Exceptions are ignored and the host of minor terms are not defined—the text covers these when they come up. The plaintext is the message that will be put into secret form. Usually the plaintext is in the native tongue of the communicators. The message may be hidden in two basic ways. The methods of steganography conceal the very existence of the message. Among them are invisible inks and microdots and arrangements in which, for example, the first letter of each word in an apparently innocuous text spells out the real message. (When steganography is applied to electrical communications, such as a method that transmits a long radio message in a single short spurt, it is called transmission security.) The methods of cryptography, on the other hand, do not conceal the presence of a secret message but render it
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