Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Christopher Columbus". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
columbus, spain, ship, hero, pinta, santa, sail, ships, left, marÃ, land, thought, voyage, father, wanted, latin, explorer, king, ferdinand, queen, supply, there, named, year, first, americas, different, ways, holiday, south, italy, although, date, birth, between, oldest, five, children, wool, weaver, helped, spanish, during, taught, himself, geographyChristopher Columbus Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, a port city in Italy, in 1451. This is the name we know him by today but his actual name is Cristobal Colon in Spanish, or Cristofero Colombo in Italian. He first went to sea at the age of 1465 at the age of 14. He was a deck boy and he had to clean, cook and mend clothes. By the age of 30 he was an experienced sailor and a skilful navigator. He had made many journeys to the South Atlantic from his home the Madeira Islands. He also
1. What is known about the earliest settlers from Estonia to the territory of the present-day US? *The first immigrants from Estonia in the US = 1627 no trace of the "Estonians and Livonians" who left their homeland to settle at the mouth of the Delaware River (a Swedish colony) · 1654 at least one Estonian in the settlement of New Sweden on the Delaware River Johan Schalbrick, a drummer from Tallinn (Reval) · New Sweden Swedish colony on the Delaware River from 16381655 · 1657 Martinus Hoffman, born in Tallinn (Reval), came to New York (New Amsterdam), started to work as a saddlemaker. · His great-granddaughter Cornelia Hoffmann (b
Chronology of Christopher Columbus · Buried in Seville (officially) · Written sources in Spain, Italy, France and United States · Born in 1451 · Birthplace: Genoa · Parents: Domenico Colombo ( worked as a master wool weaver, he also kept a tavern, dabbled in real estate and was a partisan for the mighty Fregoso family, who gave Domenico a gatekeeper's job.) and Susanna Fontanarossa · Christopher helped his father from work, he learned to trade · Learned to write in young age
It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485. A new dynasty came to throne, Tudor, the first king in this dynasty was Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy.He could avoid quarrels and wars with neigbouring countries. France, Spain - greatest enemies.So he could save much money and thus laid a good economic basis for his state. Besides that he built a merchant fleet (kaubalaevastik) England begun to dominate in international trade. Unfortunately the king got old and died. Next king was Henry Vlll, second son of the family, wasn't prepared to become a king. Had to take the role as his elder brother died. Was prepared to come a clergyman got good education: languages, music, literature. Brother jumped off horse into a
The literary history of this nation when the first humanbeing living in what has since become the U.S used language creatively. · Mid to late 18 century put down · Words are powerful, magical · Words must be remembered · Native Americans stories creation of the world · Attidude thought their land/language · Similar stories Dates and names · America was discovered in 1492 by Columbus · 1497 John Cabot went to Canada · 1579 San Fransisco/St. Fransis · 1607 Jamestown collony/John Smith · 1620 a boat called MayFlower · 1630 Boston was established · 1636 Harvard University · 1773 Boston Teaparty · 1775 War of Independence · 1776 4 July Declaration of Independence · First President George Washington Christopher Columbus
Ashburn on Shrove Tuesday every year. The game starts in the centre of the town, and the distance between two goals is two miles. The only rule is not to use motorcycles, cars and lorries in the game. In 1958 one team buried the ball. The other team didn't know and ran after them. Later first team took the ball and won. 3) JAMES WATT He was born in the small port of Greenock on the river Clyde in Scotland in 1736. His father was a mathematical-instrument maker and also kept a shop to supply ships with goods for their voyages. James was a delicate boy and often suffered from headaches. That is why he could not go to school at the age when other children did. His mother taught him to read and his father taught him writing and arithmetic. He had very good memory and a natural love of work. He liked mathematics and was also fond of designing and making things. James was an observant and thoughtful boy. When James was able to go to school, he was sent to a private school. He
Read carefully, and you will learn a lot. The inhabitants of Egypt were called mummies. They lived in the Sarah Dessert and traveled by Camelot. The climate of the Sarah is such that the inhabitants have to live elsewhere, so certain areas of the dessert are cul- tivated by irritation. The Egyptians built the Pyramids in the shape of a huge triangular cube. The Pramids are a range of mountains between France and Spain. The Bible is full of interesting caricatures. In the first book of the Bible, Guinesses, Adam and Eve were created from an apple tree. One of their children, Cain, asked "Am I my brother's son?" God asked Abraham to sacrifice Issac on Mount Montezuma. Jacob, son of Issac, stole his brother's birthmark. Jacob was a partiarch who brought up his twelve sons to be partiarchs, but they did not take to it. One of Jacob's sons, Joseph, gave refuse to the Israelites.
Morality, conscious, christianity-are the inventions of the slaves. Because this is how slaves tried to control the masters. 27.02.13 1920-jazz, post war euphoria, people were more less ,,From whom the bell tolls" Hemingway. Spanish civil war. Franco vs the Republicans. Three days are described. Protagonist is Robert Jordan. American, but teaches Spanish, joins the Spanish guerillas-the spanish partisans, in the fight against the facist. He is wounded and left to die. We get this sense of betrayal-most powerful emotions. The bell tolls for everybody, the bell is symbolically the funeral bell, it conserns everybody. The message of the novel is presented through inner monologue. When jordan joins the war agains facist, he wants to fight all tyrannia and improve social conditions, he has all the typical features of Hemingway heroe, tough, competent, brave. Seems to be against all forms of governments, comes to
The first village founded by the English settlers was in Virginia in 1607. It was called Jamestown. They didn't have good relations with the Indians and many of them died. But Pocahontas, the daughter of an Indian chief, became their friend and helped them. They started growing tobacco in Virginia, using African slaves in the fields. In 1620 a new group of British settlers reached Plymouth, Massachusetts, with a ship called Mayflower and they were called 'Pilgrim Fathers' due to their strong belief in religion. They left England because they didn't agree with the Church of England. They became farmers and businessmen who thought that all men were equal and they didn't have slaves. Many of the Pilgrims died in the first year in America, but they were helped by the Indians, who showed them how to grow corn. In the autumn of 1621, the Pilgrims had a big dinner to thank the
wanted to defeat it. He could clearly see that Britain was a threat to his latest and greatest conquest - France. He invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion was unsuccessful - it gained a beachhead on the coast of Kent but achieved little else. The second was more successful, the Celts asked for truce. However it wasn't a victory he had imagined and Julius Caesar never returned to Britain after that. The island was left undisturbed for nearly a century. *The Roman occupation of Britain 43-410 and its legacy Britain was conquered by Emperor Claudius, the Roman rule in England lasted up to 410. The Romans left behind a huge legacy: many types of animals and plants were brought to Britain in Roman times. Roman introduced theire measurements, Christianity, reading and writing. Also, many words in English and Welsh have been borrowed from the Latin language. An important legacy of
11. Famous writers of Irish origin: William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett, George Bernard Shaw, Seamus Heaney. 12. There are a lot of Irish people living outside of Ireland. 15 of the US presidents have Irish roots: J.F Kennedy, R. Nixon, R. Reagan, B. Clinton etc. The West Indies 1. The West Indies are situated in the Caribbean Sea, between Caribbean and North Atlantic Ocean, north of South-America. They are known by that name because Columbus thought he had reached India when in fact he had reached the islands. 2. Original inhabitants of the area: Arawak Indians (200 BC) and Carib Indians (AD 1300). 3. For the Europeans, most of these islands were discovered by Columbus during the 15 th century. 4. The area was colonized by England, Spain, France, Portugal and the Netherlands. 5. Languages spoken in The West Indies: English, French, Spanish, also Creole and Pidgin (by black slaves)
enabled to DVFK This means, of course, that DVDM replaces enable. If the plaintext and the code elements both run in alphabetical or numerical order, as above, the code is a one-part code, because a single book serves for both en- and decoding. If, however, the code equivalents stand in mixed order opposite their plaintext elements, like this Plaintext codenumber shield (for) 51648 shielded 07510 shielding 10983 shift(s) 43144 ship 35732 ships 10762 the code is a two-part code, because a second section, in which the code elements are in regular order, is required for decoding: codenumber plaintext 10980 was not 10981 spontaneous (ly) 10983 shielding 10986 April 13 10988 withdrawn from 10990 acknowledge In a sense, a code comprises a gigantic cipher alphabet, in which the basic plaintext unit is the word or
exhausted state; although they are not dead, the infirmity is incurable or very extensive; let him who brought them to this state come now with the remedy if he can or if he knows it; in destruction, everyone is an adept. It was always the custom to give thanks and promotion to him who imperiled his person. It is not just that he who has been so hostile to this undertaking should enjoy its fruits or that his children should. Those who left the Indies, flying from toils and speaking evil of the matter and of me, have returned with official employment. So it has now been ordained in the case of Veragua. It is an ill example and without profit for the business and for justice in the world. The fear of this, with other sufficient reasons, which I saw clearly, led me to pray your highnesses before I went to discover these islands and Terra Firma, that you would leave them to me to govern in your royal name
fields, many of them died crossing the valley during the 1849 Gold Rush. 6 Economy, Agriculture The United States is a country of highly developed economy. Most American industry is located in the eastern and Midwestern parts, around the Great Lakes and also on the Pacific coast. The U. S. engineering products are known all over the world the country produces planes, rockets, spaceships, cars, agricultural machinery, ships etc. Electronics has become a major industry. The role of service and leisure industries has also grown. Canned fish and timber are the chief products of the state of Alaska, while Hawaii's are sugar, nuts and canned pineapple. Textile industry is also well-developed, especially in the South near the large cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley. Agriculture is very wide-spread, above all in the prairie regions, where wheat and other grain crops are grown
The formal name of the statue is "Liberty Enlightening the World." It pictures a woman who has escaping the chains of tyranny. Liberty's right hand holds a torch that is a symbol of liberty. Liberty was designed by the French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The hollow copper statue was built in France - it was finished in July, 1884. It was brought to the USA in 350 3 pieces on a French ship called the "Isere". The statue was re-assembled in the USA and was completed on October 28, 1886. The Statue of Liberty The White House is the official residence of the President of the United States of America, and has been for over 200 years. It is located in Washington, D.C., the capital city of the USA. The White House was designed by the Irish-American architect James Hoban, who had won a architectural design competition in 1792. Hoban's design is said to have been
Chapter1: An unknown woman was found lying in the street and brought into the workhouse. She delivered a sickly child who had trouble breathing. The woman, without a word of who she was, died and left her new born boy, Oliver, to the drunken nurse that stood by. Chapter2: The State gave Oliver to Mrs. Mann who housed a number of orphaned children. Mrs. Mann took a large portion of the money given to her by the authorities for each child's food so Oliver grew up small and malnourished. On his ninth birthday, the town beadle, Mr. Bumble, came to collect Oliver and take him to the board for an interview. They told him he was to live with other wards of the
Count Mippipopolous becomes infatuated with Brett, but, unlike most of Brett's lovers, he does not subject her to jealous, controlling behavior. Amid the careless, amoral pleasure-seeking crowd that constitutes Jake's social circle, the count stands out as a stable, sane person. Like Pedro Romero, he serves as a foil for Jake and his friends. Wilson-Harris - A British war veteran whom Jake and Bill befriend while fishing in Spain. The three men share a profound common bond, having all experienced the horrors of World War I, as well as the intimacy that soldiers develop. Harris, as Jake and Bill call him, is a kind, friendly person who greatly values the brief time he spends with Jake and Bill. Georgette - A beautiful but somewhat thick-witted prostitute whom Jake picks up and takes to dinner. Jake quickly grows bored of their superficial conversation and abandons her in a club to be with Brett.
was often beaten by her and her son. "Then the old Captain died, and I was sorry, for he was the only person in that house as far as I can remember who ever threw me a kind word."--ibid. Kipling soon learned to read and found solace in literature and poetry, voraciously turning to the magazines and books his parents sent him including Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe. Wilkie Collins' The Moonstone and works by the likes of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Bret Harte also left an indelible impression on Kipling. Respite from the Holloway household was gained when he spent one month a year in London with his mother's kindly sister Aunt Georgie and her husband, pre-Raphaelite painter Edward Burne Jones and their children. Those months of December were a veritable paradise to Kipling; North End House was constantly brimming with visiting friends and relatives, and the homey and artistic effects of the affectionate couple were everywhere
In 787 AD came the Vikings from Scandinavia, who set up their own state Danelaw. Had their own religion, however their rituals did not demand sacrifices. Introduced new words (1800). Placenames withe suffixes -by and -dale. They had their own customs and laws, which we know due to sagas (oral history). They had no written language. Beowulf Beowulf is an epic or a long poem describing the adventures of an hero. It belongs to the Anglo-Saxon period, when they were still living on the mainland and then brought to Greta Britain . It was made up in the 3rd or 4th century. I was spread orally until it was written down in the 10th century. The author is unknown and the manuscript is kept in the British Museum (near Trafalgar Square). The story is very important as it allows us to lear about the way of life in the 4th century. The characters can be divided into two groups fictitious and historical.
shawl, gloves, and jewelry. She could not wear the jewelry before the wedding, nor could she leave the house for three days before the wedding. 4 The Creoles liked to have weddings on Mondays or Tuesdays in Saint Louie Cathedral in New Orleans in the late afternoon. The bride wore a silk dress with pearls and lace. The veil was held in place with a crown of orange blossoms. The bride carried the same flowers in her bouquet. Later she left the bouquet in the church, put it on a relative's grave, or sent it to the convent where she studied. After the ceremony the members of the family signed the register. The guests then went to the bride's home for the banquet. The bride cut the cake and gave pieces of it to single girls to put under their pillows. When the guests began to dance, the bride and her mother went to the bridal chamber where she took off her wedding clothes and changed into her nightgown.
with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing of the seasons. It appears in number of novels. These days it is not only the interest of tourists but is also a gathering point of certain minority groups. It is now fenced off to protect it from damage. 3. The Roman conquest Julius Caesar's first raid was in 55 BC but the romans left. Ad 43- the Romans came to stay. The army established Roman rule in the south and SW of the country. The Romans started to introduce their laws to a new province of the Roman Empire and started to build good roads. Officials were appointed (governors, procurators to collect taxes, look after the estates and mines and se that the gold, silver, iron and lead were exported back to Rome). Introduced schools,a new language Latin, large farms (villas), baths. In AD 410 they had to leave
what kept the cosmos going. In this scheme of things, the elements of air and fire predominated and together they composed a fifth element, more pure than the rest, which the ancients called "the aether."[ eeter ] And since the heavenly bodies are "up there," they must be composed of "the aether." Which brings me to relate a brief story. In 1666, and with the city of London burning down, Isaac Newton left his study at Cambridge and made his way to his mother's home at Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire. It was here, in his mother's garden, that the great Newton was struck by an idea the idea that the force which held the planets in their orbit was the same force which caused an apple to strike him in the head. Such an idea we of course know it today as universal gravitation would have been absolutely unintelligible even to an advanced medieval thinker. This is so for two reasons
общее название, но делились на несколько разных племен. 21 UNIT 3 THE ROMAN PERIOD (43 – 410 AD) Pre-reading questions Do you think Rome was founded in 43 AD and lasted until 410? What language did the ancient Romans speak? How large do you think the Roman Empire was? Why do you think the Romans came to Britain? Why do you think they left it? What do you think they left behind? How do you think the island came to be called ‘Britain’? The First Contact In 58–51 BC, the Roman general and political leader Gaius Julius Caesar 1 completed his conquest of Gaul. But Gallic resistance was hard to break and was strengthened by help from Britain. Caesar led two military expeditions to Britain in 55 and 54 BC. So the Romans became directly acquainted with Britain. In 54 BC
While exploring the multilevel cultural clashes between the European settlers and the Native Americans, Cooper creates some acculturated natives and whites, who enter a middle ground between the conflicting cultures and, while retaining their own cultural identities, appropriate the best elements of each other's culture. The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem, in trochaic tetrameter, by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, featuring an Indian hero. It is loosely based on the legends and ethnography of the Ojibwe (Chippewa, Anishinaabeg) and other Native American peoples as contained in Algic Researches (1839) and additional writings by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an ethnographer and United States Indian agent. In sentiment, scope, overall conception, and many particulars, Longfellow's poem is very much a work of American Romantic literature, not a representation of Native American oral tradition
fish. But they also relied upon agriculture, hunting and trapping. They built stable villages, and lived either in birchcovered wigwams or in rectangular longhouses. Later the indigenous people were called indians, by Christopher Columbus who thought that he had reached to India. COLONIAL AMERICA As far as people know were the Vikings first European settlers to visit America. but in 1492, an Italian sailor called Christopher Columbus reached southern America when he was looking for a sea route from Europe to India. He is called to be the man who discovered America. In 1607 two very different groups of English people came to America. a group of farmers began a colony in Jamestown, Virginia. They had to fought with indians and most of them died because there were many diseases and the didn't have enough to eat. But the daughter of an Indian chief, Pocahontas, helped them.
452,000 Métis, 59,000 Inuit. Indian (First Nations) - No written history before the contact with Europeans. Chief historical sources European priests, travellers and traders not interested in the preservation of "pagan"myths. Different estimates about their number in Canada when Europeans reached North America from 300,000 to 1 mln. Saw themselves as part of nature, not as its masters. The First Nations were called "Indians" by Christopher Columbus when he landed in North America, because he thought he had reached India. Many now prefer to call themselves First Nations, though many still call themselves Indians in everyday conversation. They are still legally categorized by the Canadian Government under the Indian Act as Status Indians. Those who have lost their legal status are called Non-Status Indians. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau tried to get rid of the
chapters as well, he is the main adult character in the novel. It is Graff who decides what will be done to Ender in order to shape him into a commander, and although he knows that this will put Ender through a lot of difficult situations, he says that, in the end, he will be Ender's friend. Mazer Rackham A fleet commander during the second invasion. He won surprisingly to everyone and is considered to be a hero and his name is known by everyone in the world. He should be dead, but he was but onto a spaceship that reached relativistic speed and so he had passed many decades without ageing so much himself. That was necessary because he was the one who had to teach the next great commander , who will lead the third invasion. So he became Ender's enemy. Enemy because Rackham said that there is no better teacher than the enemy. For a long time he was Ender's only companion. Plot-Summary
painter, sculptor, engineer, architect, and inventor. Two of his most famous paintings--The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa--are considered by many art historians to be priceless. Although Leonardo studied to be an artist, he also became interested in anatomy, optics, and botany, or the study of plants. He used what he learned from his studies to invent new things. Today, Leonardo is remembered as one of the most important figures of the Renaissance. Leonardo da Vinci died in 1519. In his will, he left all his notebooks and many of his paintings to his friend and favorite student, Francesco Melzi. Albert Einstein was scientific genius who was born in Germany. He went to school in Germany, in Switzerland, and in Italy. Albert enjoyed learning science, especially Physics. When he was ten years old, his tutor gave him adult-level books on physics and he read them avidly. Albert Einstein is best know for his "Theory of Relativity" in Physics, for explaning the law of
of the Angles". The British Celts were slowly pushed westwards. Finally most were driven into the mountains in the far west, which the Saxons called ,,Wales". Some were driven into Cornwall, where they later accepted the rule of Saxon lords and northward to Strathclyde. Further north lived the Picts and Scots. Some Celts crossed the sea & settled in the north-west of France called Brittany after the Celtic tribes of Britons. The Celts who stayed behind became mostly slaves. Hardly anything is left of the Celtic language or culture in England, except for some names of some rivers (Thames, Avon, Severn) and two large cities London & Leeds. The new conquerors were warlike and illiterate. Disliked towns, preferred to live in small cillages. They destroyed the Roman towns & villas. Beautiful buildings, roads were neglected or broken up. The first settlements were groups of 3 or 4 family farms. Houses were all made of wood & had sloping thatched roofs. Around the settlement was a fence
transformed as their songwriting grew in sophistication. The group came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s. With an early five-piece line-up of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (bass) and Pete Best (drums), The Beatles built their reputation in Liverpool and Hamburg clubs over a three-year period from 1960. Sutcliffe left the group in 1961, and Best was replaced by Starr the following year. Moulded into a professional outfit by music store owner Brian Epstein after he offered to act as the group's manager, and with their musical potential enhanced by the hands-on creativity of producer George Martin, The Beatles achieved UK mainstream success in late 1962 with their first single, "Love Me Do". Gaining international popularity
Spanish California The fifteenth century saw the completion of the reconquest of Spain and the emergence of Ferdinand and Isabella as the rulers of an expansionist empire eager to spread Christianity to distant lands and increase the wealth and power of Spain in the process.. Immediately after Christopher Columbus's discovery of the Americas in 1492, Spain began a series of expeditions into North, Central and South America. In 1519 Hernan Cortes began a campaign to conquer Tenochtitlan. It took several years but eventually he prevailed. The Aztec capital was razed to the ground and replaced by Mexico City. Mexico City quickly became the political/military center for most of Spain's possessions in North and Central America - what they were to call New Spain. The conquistadores brought great wealth to the throne but they also posed
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court. At first they had no special knowledge or training. They were trusted to use common sense. By the end of the 12th cent. They had real kn
Henry VII united the two rival houses and started the Tudor dynasty. During Henry's reign the medieval period came to a close. There was a revival, or Renaissance, of learning, partly as a result of the printing press, which ended the Church's monopoly of learning. Henry's son and heir, Henry VIII created the Royal Navy, which culminated with the sinking of the Spanish Armada in 1588. One of the leaders of the English navy was Sir Francis Drake, who was the first Englishman to sail around the world. The Royal Navy also enabled England to realize her imperialistic ambitions and defy the Pope and the Catholic powers of Europe. Henry used Parliament to establish himself as the head of the Protestant Church with the Act of Supremacy (1534). His Reformation led to the creation of the religiously distinct Anglican Church. The dissolution of the monasteries provided Henry with much needed wealth.
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