b) for on-the-spot decisions. c) for promises (usually with the verbs promise, swear, guarantee, etc.), threats, warnings, requests, hopes (usually with the verb hope) and offers. d) for actions/events/situations which will definitely happen in the future and which we cannot control. The temperature will reach 40°C tomorrow. Be going to a) for plans, intentions or ambitions we have for the future. Now that they've won the lottery, they are going to buy a big house, (intention/plan) b) For actions we have already decided to do in the near future. They are going to get married in three months. (They have already decided to do it.) BUT: They're getting married next month
Ways of expressing the Future Table of Contents Future Simple ...................................................................... 2 Be going to ........................................................................... 3 Present Continuous .............................................................. 3 Present Simple ..................................................................... 4 Future Continuous ............................................................... 4 Future Perfect....................................................................... 6 Other ways of referring to the future .................................
FUTURE SIMPLE BE GOING TO Will + infinitive (will go) Am/is/are going to + infinitive (is going to rain) 1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3.A future fact: They're going to break the window. He will be ten next year. 4.Promises / requests / refusal / willingness: I'll help you with your homework. Will you give me a hand? 5.In the same way as the future
· Timetables and programmes · Sporting commentaries, rewiews (Beckham wins the ball, crosses and Owen scores) · Feelings and emotions (I love Tallinn..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT SIMPLE: usually, often, always, every day/week etc, in the morning/evening etc, at night/the weekend, on Fridays etc. Present Continuous · Actions taking place at or arount the moment of speaking (The kids are watching TV..) · Fixed arrangements in the near future (I'm going to the dentist tomorrow) · Currently changing ang developing situations (The number of burgularies is increasing) · With ,,Always" to express anger or irritation at a repeated action (You're always forgetting..) TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH PRESENT CONTINUOUS: now, at the moment, at present, these days, nowadays, still, today, tonight etc. Present Perfect · Action happened at an unstated time in the past. Emphasis on the action, time is unimportant or unknown
FUTURE TENSES: WILL / GOING TO I will travel to Japan next year decision I am going to study German at school plan WILL/GOING TO The Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings as mentioned before. I will probably go to Italy next Summer I am going to fly to Italy next Saturday Future Tense: Will Form Affirmative: I will travel to Madrid in October Interrogative : Will you travel by bus?
Examples: USE 3 Near Future · You are watching TV. · Are you watching TV? · You are not watching TV. USE 1 Now Examples: · I am meeting some friends after work. · I am not going to the party tonight. · Is he visiting his parents next weekend? · Isn't he coming with us tonight? Examples: USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with · You are learning English now. "Always" · You are not swimming now. · Are you sleeping? · I am sitting. · I am not standing.
If you want me, just call c) Ajamääruslausetes I shall speak to him when he comes. 2. Spordireportaazid, arvustused. Lepp passes the ball to Kask. Gibson acts well in "Braveheart". 3. Seisundiverbidega (state verbs) verbid, mida tavaliselt ei kasutata kestvates aegades, sest nad kirjeldavad seisundit, mitte tegevust Need on verbid, mis väljendavad: a) meeltetaju (see, hear, feel, smell, taste, look, sound ). Kui meeltetaju verbidega tahetakse väljendada hetkel toimuvat tegevust, kasutatakse tihti modaale can või could Jim must be at home . I can see his car parked outside. b) meeldimist või mittemeeldimist (like, love, dislike, hate, enjoy, prefer, adore) c) psüühilist tegevust (know, understand, believe, realize, remember, forget, notice, recognize, think, seem, expect)
it. my door. 3. two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past 4.to give backround informationin a story Future Simple + ? will+ I 1. predictions based on what we belive or think Tomorrow, the day after She will not visit us. - won't+I 2. on-the-spot decisionsor promises tomorrow. next 3. request week/month/year, tonight,
· action set by a timetable or usually schedule Present A: He is speaking. · action taking place in the at the moment, Continuous N: He is not speaking. moment of speaking just now, Q: Is he speaking? Listen!, Look!, · action taking place only for a now, right now limited period of time · action arranged for the future Past Simple A: He spoke. · Finished action in the past yesterday, 2 N: He did not speak. minutes ago, in Q: Did he speak
the prison. (NOT *could escape) (=ability / performance on one occasion) In some cases could can be used with a past meaning: I could swim when I was six. (=general ability) • They have no infinitives and no –ing forms. Other expressions are used instead. I’d love to be able to ski. I hate having to get up early. • They are followed by an infinitive without -to. The exception is ought to. You must go. I’ll help you. You ought to see a doctor. • They can be used with perfect infinitives to talk about the past. You should have told me that you can’t swim. You might have drowned. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs • Each Modal Verb has at least two meanings: I must post this letter! (= obligation) You must be tired! (= deduction, probability) Could you help me? (= request) We could go to Spain for our holidays. (= possibility)
Golden Grammar rules 1. Don't use an with own. Sue needs her own room. (NOT Sue needs an own room.) I'd like a phone line of my own. (NOT ... an own phone line.) 2. Use or rather to correct yourself. She's German or rather, Austrian. (NOT She's German or better, Austrian.) I'll see you on Friday or rather, Saturday. 3. Use the simple present play(s), rain(s) etc to talk about habits and repeated actions. I play tennis every Saturday. (NOT I am playing tennis every Saturday.) It usually rains a lot in November. 4. Use will ..., not the present, for offers and promises. I'll cook you supper this evening. (NOT I cook you supper this evening.) I promise I'll phone you tomorrow. (NOT I promise I phone you tomorrow.) 5. Don't drop prepositions with passive verbs. I don't like to be shouted at. (NOT I don't like to be shouted.)
Future Forms Future Forms · 1) Future Simple will work · 2) Be going to am/is/are going to work · 3) Present Continuous am/is/are working · 4) Present Simple start(s) Future Forms · 5) Future Continuous will be working · 6) Future Perfect will have worked · 7) Future Perfect Continuous will have been working Future Simple · We do our morning exercises and think, "I think we will have a nice day " · Prediction (ennustused kõhutunde põhjal) · verbs think, believe, guess, expect, hope etc · expressions be sure, be afraid etc · adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly Future Simple · You see your little brother carrying a very heavy suitcase and you think, "I will help him carry the suitcase." · on-the-spot decision (hetkeotsused) Future Simple "Will you help me if I forget my moves?" "Don't worry! I will take
Grammar English Future simpleWe use future simple: a) in predictions about the future usually with the verbs think, believe, expect, etc.., the expressions be sure, be afraid, etc.., and the adverbs probably, perhaps, certainly.., b) for on-the-spot decisions c) for promisses, threats, warnings, requests, hopes and offers. d) for actions/ events/ situations which will definitely happen on the future and which we cannot control.Be going to We use be going to: a) for plans, intentions or ambitions we have for the future. b) for actions we have already decided to do in the near future . C) in predictions when there is evidence that something will happen in the near future.Future continious. A) for an action ehich will be in progress at a started future time. B) for an actions ehich will definitely happen in the future as the result of a routine or arrangement. C) when we ask politely about someone's plans for the near future.
Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning. _ 6 He is a good cook but she _________________________________ (prefer) to eat out. _ 7 English tests _________________________________ (get) more and more interesting. _ 8 They _________________________________ (have) a party because it's her birthday. _ 9 I sometimes _________________________________ (ride) my bicycle to school.
Dear Liisa Lovely to hear from you after so long! It’s a great tragedy that the COVID-19 is out and about but we just have to make the most of it and protect ourselves and our loved ones. After being in isolation for only two days a realization hit me. I realized that everything that I took for granted was going to change. As many other, I didn’t thought that Estonia is going to suffer greatly from the virus outbreak and everything is going to proceed as usual. Life goes on. But it doesn’t. I became aware of the problem after my sister and I had a talk about immunity. I myself have lived many years with runny nose and I don’t worry too much about it but I really never thought about my little sister and mom. They both have had some serious issues with their health and I don’t want my actions to harm their wellbeing in any way. Because of that our family has stayed isolated for 10 days now. The first few days were like a
4Use a capital letter for the names of places: National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento 4Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays, days of the week, months of the year: New Year's Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mother's Day, Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October Exercise 1 Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space above them. 1 peter and i are good friends. we are going to chicago during our summer 2 vacation. 3 there is an interesting football game on sunday. 4 jason lives on thomson avenue. 5 january is the first month of the year. Exercise 2 Look at the signs on the left. Can you find the mistakes? Write the names correctly. hopkins hotel lincoln school orchard street newton road botanic gardens national library shea stadium 3 Nouns
PRESENT CONTINUOUS Klaarika Kaljula 9a Use 1.Present actions 2.Temporary actions 3.Longer actions in progress 4.Future (personal) arrangements and plans 5.Trends 6.Irritation 1.Present Actions Happening at the moment of speaking Most often, we use the Present Continuous tense to talk about actions happening at the moment of speaking. Ex. He is eating a dinner. Mary is talking with her friends. They are swimming in the pool. Stative Verbs There is a certain group of verbs that usually does not appear in the Continuous form. They are called Stative Verbs, and if used in the Continuous form, they have a different meaning. Ex. I think you look pretty today. Meaning: Opinion I'm thinking of moving to San Francisco. Meaning: Act of thinking
When the subject is not doing the action, but something is happening or being done to it, or the action is directed at it, then we use a passive verb. The telephone was invented by Bell. NB! The object of an active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence. The doer of the action is indicated by a by phrase. When the doer of the action is not important, the ’by phrase’ is omitted: Active: Someone locks the office every evening. Passive: The office is locked every evening. Tenses in the Passive Voice A passive verb is the verb be in the right tense + a Past Participle (PP) • Present Simple: am/are/is + PP The office is locked every evening. • Past Simple: was/were + PP My car was stolen last night. • Future Simple: will be + PP No disciplinary action will be taken against you. • Present Continuous: am/are/is being + PP
taking place once, never or often, seldom, Q: Does he speak? several times sometimes, usually if sentences type I facts (If I talk, ...) actions taking place one after another action set by a timetable or schedule Present Progressive A: He is speaking. at the moment, just,
· Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I am speaking I am not speaking Am I speaking? He/she/it is going He/she/it is not going Is he/she/it going? We/you/they are making We/you/they are not making Are we/you/they making? NB! ERANDID! · Verbidel, mis lõppevad ega kaob, ing lisamisel e ära. take taking make making · Lühikeste silpidega verbidel kahekordistub kaashäälik. get getting swim swimming · Yga lõppevatel verbidel, y ei kao ära.
Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: "I'm going to the cinema". He said he was going to the cinema. Basic tense chart The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): present simple past simple I'm a teacher. He said he was a teacher past continuous. present continuous He said he was having lunch with his
Perfect Tenses are used when an action or situation in the present is linked to a moment in the past often used to show things that have happened up to now but aren't finished yet to emphasize that something happened but is not true anymore Mary was tired. She had worked hard all day. Perfect Continuous Tenses Tegevus, mis mingil kindlaksmääratud momendil toimub (või toimus) ja mille alguse kohta on meil andmeid. · The child has been sleeping for six hours already. It has been raining for hours. Irregular verbs Here is a HUGE table about · irregular verbs · that you have to know by heart. · http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/verbs.htm Ajamääruslaused (Adverbs of time) can be time expressions such as · `last night'. can be prepositional phrases with `at', `in', or `on'. `For' refers to a period of time in the past, present, or future. `Since' refers to a point in past time. A
The Present Continuous This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress. It can be occuring now, but is temporary Formed by adding Is/are before the verb and ing to the verb She is typing a paper for her class. He can't talk. He is fixing the sink right now. On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PRESENT CONTINUOUS: something that is occurring right now. The Simple Past We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or event took place in the past. I visited my sister yesterday. We went out to dinner last night. On your handout, write one sentence that reflects SIMPLE PAST: something you did in the past that is now completed
ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page vi ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page vii Foreword If you are ready to leverage yourself to greatness and achieve giant results, you have the right road map in your hands.You have before you the DNA of your future. All you need to create a wonderful fu- ture for yourself is to read this book, decide how you are going to apply it to your own life, write out a plan, and then go forth with en- thusiasm and make it happen. I have a confession to make. I am one of Brian’s raving fans. I have studied him, his brilliant work, and the extraordinary results he has achieved. I am also one of his close colleagues and friends. We have worked together on many platforms, and met and talked with each other on numerous occasions.
I thought I was hearing things when music suddenly began to play. · I consider him to be a very lucky man. I'm considering changing jobs. · Kids love visiting amusement parks. Kids are loving visiting the amusement park. Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Past Simple · Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn't WORK last Monday. · Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I'm not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You're back ...) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You're not back yet or you travel regularly ...) · Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, ... · 2pv; ?/- DID + 1pv Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Past Progressive · Minevikus pooleliolnud/pooleliolev tegevus: S/he WAS TALKing on the phone when you CAME.
She is afraid her son will fail his exams. · On-the-spot otsus (rääkimise ajal tehtud otsus) Nt: I will buy the blue jacket, not the yellow one. · Lubadused, hoiatused, ähvardused, palve, lootused, pakkumised Nt: I will never speak to you again! Will you give me a hand with the washing-up? · Tegevused/sündmused, mis KINDLASTI toimuvad tulevikus, me ei saa neid kontrollida Nt: Valentine's Day will fall on a Saturday this year. BE GOING TO Kasutan, kui... · plaanid tulevikuks Nt: I am going to travel around the world one day. · otsused, mis on juba LÄHITULEVIKUKS tehtud Nt: We are going to visit our grandparents next week. · Ennustused, põhinedes sellel, mida me näeme; kui on millegi toimumiseks tõendeid Nt: Look at the sky! It is going to rain. Look at that car! It is going to crach. FUTURE SIMPLE ja BE GOING TO-ga kasutame: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow,
2. Present Simple [VERB] + s/es in third person. Tegevus on korduv või tavapärane. You speak English. I play tennis. Cats like milk. The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. I am here now. Active= Once a week, Tom cleans the car. Passive= Once a week, the car is cleaned by Tom. 3. Present Continuous [am/is/are + present participle]. Tegevus toimub/ei toimu praegusel hetkel. You are watching TV. You are learning English now. I am studying to become a doctor. I am meeting some friends after work. Active= Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Passive= Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. 4. Past Simple [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs. Tegevus algas/lõppes minevikus täpsel ajal. . You called Debbie. I saw a movie yesterday. I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. I lived in Brazil for two years. I studied French when I was a child. Active = Tom repaired the car. Passive= The car was repaired by Tom. 5
The Present Simple is the most basic tense in the English language. It is an interesting tense because it can be used Present Simple to express the future. Generally, though, we use it to Basic form describe the present activities or to talk about routines or Subject + Verb + -s (present form) John lives in New York. We play football every day. You are really kind. The meeting starts at 3 PM. Use the Present Simple: with state verbs. to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time. when an event is certain to happen in the future. to talk about events that we can't change (for example, an official meeting or a train departure)
describing a textbook just like the actors, we seek for knowledge without really finding it until we've finished the play. Every written piece of paper is something precious it contains information that can either make our day or totally ruin the mood; that's the secret of all books. They have the power to change the world up-side down. The English textbook given to us this year is something we must carefully treasure after all, there are going to be more people next year either to praise or suffer from it. But not the emotions count at the moment, the future does we must all learn from this wonderful book that wit is not easily gained, however once it's collected, it'll be never lost again. The first chapter includes three specially chosen units. Unit one includes reading about the UK, learning how to form questions, listening, some vocabulary exercises, monologue and, of course, an `extra word exercise' about Ireland
Prepositions of Time – for & since for since is used to express how long something is used to express how long something goes on when we mean the period of has been happening when we mean the time beginning of the period • 9 o’clock • ten minutes • Monday • two hours • the first of April • three days • 2001 • a week • Christmas • six months / years • breakfast • a long time • we arrived, etc • ages, etc Where have you been? I haven’t seen you for ages! Jane has not eaten anything for a week. I will be away for a while. It has been going on for a long time.
● I’am celebrating my birthday next week. 2.Me kasutame will et rääkida tulevikust. Kui me teeme ennustusi. ● It will be hard day tomorrow. ● I think my brother will buy me a car. ● I’m sure my ex will be jealous about my new girlfriend. Mõeldes want to(olla) või be willing to (olla valmis ehk abivalmis) ● I hope you will help me at my project. ● Marika says he will help me Teha Offers(pakkumisi) ja promises(lubadusi). ● We’ll talk about this tommorow. ● I’ll send you message. Rääkida Offers(pakkumistest) ja promises(lubadustest). ● Marika will be at school next week. ● I will help you with homework. 3.Me kasutame (be) going to (ehk hakkab midagi tegema või plaanib) Et rääkida plaanidest ja kavatsustest. ● I’m going to get drunk tonight ● They will be going to Dortmund tommorow. Kui me see(näeme),et midagi likely to happen(tõenäoliselt juhtub) ● Be careful
Future Tenses Will-future and going to-future Andrea Terasväli Future forms Will-future Going to- Simple Present Future Future future presen progressi progressi perfect t ve ve • • Planned Future Planned Action Sth. Will Prediction, action in action action in will already assumptio the future is fixed the near definitely have n (assur future happen happene
all the time, as you start to finish your last year. I don’t know how many of you have suffered that pain already, but I have. People, friends and family more frequently, will ask you the following: ‘Hey. Soo… Who do you want to become in the future?’ First thing most of you will say is that: ‘Um, I’m not entirely sure, I’m yet to decide.’ The one who asks is confused: ‘It’s your last year of high school, you’re probably going to university next year or whatever, and you don’t know who you want to become?!?’ In our busy society where we live in, everything tends to move really fast. All the people around you seem to have a goal in their life, almost if they knew what they were destined to since they were born. As if you were the only one, who has no idea what’s going on in your future. But, if look closely, you will find out. that nobody is 100% sure of their chosen career paths
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