Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "Basic banking". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
bank, serve, deposit, reserve, asset, inter, deposits, term, loan, assets, balance, banks, banking, institutions, credit, other, service, money, management, require, liquid, borrow, services, market, corporation, rate, liquidity, ability, part, saving, excessgure, objective, able, invest, europe, account, instrument, there, hold, 4950, direct, branchOdesa (Odessa) 1 million. Zaporizhzhya (Zaporozhye) 0.8 million. 5 GDP growth, %: 1.0 (2013 forecast EBRD downward revision from previously projected 2.5%). Official language: Ukrainian (although Russian is widely used in business communication). Currency: Hryvnya (UAH). Government type: republic. Membership: the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), etc. Ukraine is bordered by Russia in the east, the Black Sea in the south, Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland in the west, and Belarus in the north. The country is rich in mineral resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas (shale costly and dangerous to extract), oil, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and others.
Copy of the document confirming the state registration (Certificate of Incorporation or equivalent); An extract from the commercial register (or its equivalent), which contains information about the foreign legal entity; 5 Notarized translation into Russian of the listed documents, made in Russia (not in a foreign country); Certificate from the bank about the account to confirm the investor's ability to pay; Certificate on tax number in the country of non-resident; Power of attorney for the person responsible for signing the necessary documents for opening accounts and registration of the LLC with foreign investments. The above documents is not complete, since the registration of companies with 100% foreign ownership and equity participation, there are some differences (other than the
TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL POLITICAL SCIENCE AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE ANNELI PALM CRITISIM ABOUT IMF AND WORLD BANK INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY (RIR6032/RIR6004) ESSAY 2014 Contents TALLINNA ÜLIKOOL.............................................................................................. 1 Introduction............................................................................................................ 3 Basic of liberalism.................................................................................................. 4
Budget Expenses by Year About the Budget Marketing expenses will be higher in the first year to announce the opening of the gym and will drop after that. Most expenses will show small increases each year as the business will remain in the same location over the first three years. Loans and Investments Loans and Investments Table FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 Bank loan Loan at 7% interest for 60 mos. €45,000 0 0 Investors Loan at 3% interest for 60 mos. €10,000 0 0 Total Amount Received €55,000 0 0 Sources of Funds “Your Fitness” will expect to fund itself largely thought a bank loan and use it for the renovation of new rooms, purchase of the gym machines and equipment.
WHAT IS A LOAN AGREEMENT? WHAT IS A LOAN AGREEMENT? The loan agreement is a contract entered into between the lender and borrower which regulates the terms of a loan. Loan agreements usually relate to loans of cash, but market specific contracts are also used to regulate securities lending. When an enterprise is in the process of starting or expanding, it will definitely require additional funding or capital. These finances can be acquired from financial institutions like banks or a third party willing to loan the money to the business. Where money is loaned to a business, the lender will want to have the borrower sign a loan agreement that explains
21 allocated reserveeritud 22 amortization kulumine, amortisatsioon 23 amount of funds rahaliste vahendite hulk 24 appendicies lisad, kaasaanded 25 application avaldus 26 appraise the management hinnangut andma 27 arbitrage vahendustegevus 28 aspirations püüdlused 29 assets varad 30 assets and liabilities aktiva ja passiva 31 assumption ülevõtmine 32 assurance kinnitus, kindlustus 33 auction oksjon 34 audit report kontrolliaruanne 35 authority volitused, võim 36 bailsman käendaja 37 balance sheet bilanss
Indutseeritud Induced investment investeeringud Keinsi rist Keynesian –cross diagram Inflatsiooniline(langus) Inflationary (recessionary) gap lõhe Säästmise paradoks Paradox of thrift Raha ja pangandus, rahapoliitika. Money, monetary policy and Banking. Kaup-raha Commodity money laenuraha Credit money veksel bill rahatäht Bank note tchekk check dekreetraha Fiat money likviidsus liquidity Väärtuse mõõt Unit of account vahetusvahend Medium of exchange Väärtuse säilitamise Store of value vahend maksevahend Standard of differed payment Keskpankk Central Bank Commercial banks sularaha currency
Regional Development Fund and establish economic and monetary union. 1975 Launch of ERDF - The ERDF aims to strengthen economic and social cohesion in the European Union by correcting imbalances between its regions 1978 European Council establishes the European Monetary System based on a European currency unit (the ECU) and the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). The Ecu has some characteristics of a real currency and is used in travellers’ cheques and bank deposits. ERM gives national currencies a central exchange rate against the Ecu. All the community’s members apart from the UK join the ERM. 1975 Launch of European Monetary System June 1979 – First election of the EP 1981 January: Greece becomes 10th member of the European Community. 1984 February: draft Treaty on the establishment of the European Union passed by the European Parliament. 1985 European Council in Luxembourg agrees to amend the Treaty of Rome and
Acquisitions äritehingud Capital expenditure investeerimisplaan Activity based costing teenus Cash sularaha Allocation jaotamine Cash discount hinnaalandus sularahaga Amortization suretamine maksmisel Apportionment jaotusosa Cash flow rahavoog Assets väärtused Cash flow forecast rahavoogude ennustus Assets utilization ratio väärtuste kasutamistegur Cash flow statement kassa käive seletuskiri Asset value ettevõtte väärtus Committed costs truud hinnad Avoidable costs välditavad kulutused
The government passed a law in 2006 which permits the operation of private money exchange companies, which have been subject to an unpredictable regulatory context. A small black market for foreign currency is active but practitioners have been subject to arrest. Syria made progress in easing its foreign debt burden through bilateral rescheduling deals with its key creditors in Europe, most importantly Russia, Germany, and France. Syria also settled its debt with Iran and the World Bank. 6. Foreign trade According to International Monetary Fund sources, because of the discovery of large oil fields, Syria's foreign trade volume has immensely increased over the last 3 decades. During this period, exports have grown from US$203 million in 1970 to US$4.8 billion in 2000, while imports have risen from US$360 million in 1970 to US$3.5 billion in 2000. Syria's foreign trade is highly dependent on its oil revenues and oil prices on the international markets. For the year
The main aim of the reforms was to boost foreign investments, cre- ate new jobs, stimulate entrepreneurial activities in a variety of fields and increase the welfare of citizens. As a result of economic deregulation policy which was focused on liberalization of the Economy, a number of state regulated spheres were sharply decreased and regulation procedures were sim- plified. Consequently, our achievements have been recognized by a number of international in- stitutions. This year the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation published a joint research Doing Business 2011, under which Georgia ranks 12th among 183 countries in terms of Ease of Doing Business. Moreover, Georgia surpasses 174 counties in terms of reformation of business regulations since 2005. Last but not least, Georgia ranks first in the Post-soviet space, excluding the Baltic countries, in terms of counter-corruption policy. It is worth noting that de-
30 of the Treaty on the Establishment of the EEC (now Article 34 of the DFES) has a vertical direct effect, i.e. Applies to a broad category of state and quasi-public bodies, and to relations between individuals (in a broad sense) is not applied (the so-called horizontal action). The Member State is responsible for the actions of its citizens who violate Art. 34 DFES, in the person of its state and quasi-public bodies . The term "state measures prohibited by Article 34 of the DEFE" includes not only the action, but also the inaction of member states, fraught with the creation of obstacles to mutual trade between them 10. How is the `measure having equivalent effect" is defined in the EU law and jurisprudence? Give some examples Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU): Article 34 (ex Article 28 TEC)
be enforced by the courts of member states. European Union institutions The European Union is governed by seven(7) institutions. Article 13 of the Treaty on European Union lists them in the following order: 1) the European Parliament 2) the European Council 3) the Council of the European Union (simply called "Council") 4) the European Commission 5) the Court of Justice of the European Union 6) the European Central Bank 7) the Court of Auditors Most EU institutions were created with the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in the 1950s. Much change since then has been in the context the shifting of the power balance away from the Council and towards the Parliament. The European Parliament The European Parliament (EU Parliament or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union. Together with the Council of the European Union (the
karst areas, outcrops, caves, lakes, craters an so on. Lahemaa National Park is the largest and oldest national park in Estonia. It covers 1119 square km. The park has reserves where any human activity is prohibited except for scientific purposes. It features various landscapes. Soomaa National Park offers real wilderness it covers 370 sq km of a vast lowland is central Estonia. The aim of the park is to protect Estonia's bigger bogs, meadows and forests. The Viidumäe Nature reserve is a small area in Saaremaa rich in rare plants. Some of them are unique in the world like Saaremaa yellow rattlebox. NORTH ESTONIA It consists of 5 counties Harjumaa, Raplamaa, Järvemaa, Lääne Virumaa and IdaVirumaa. The land is arable and the soil is fertile. On the northern coast is the Baltic Glint and Ontika is the highest point of it. Harjumaa is a densely populated region with large areas of summer cottages and gardens, children's camps and picnic spots
the business sector. Even the profits of previous year´s endeavours retained within the business belong to households they have merely permitted firms to hold on to those resources for further investments on their behalf. The role of the financial manager Strategy To be able to carry on a business a Managers need to formulate and implement long company needs real assets. term plans to maximize shareholder wealth. To obtain these real assets corporations This means selecting markets and activities in which the firm, given its resources, has a sell financial claims to raise money; to competitive edge. lenders a bundle of rights are sold within a Managers need to distinguish between those
___________________ Regulate Definition: To control or supervise somethin by means of laws or rulers. Currency Definition: A system of mony, or the bills and coins themselves, used in a particular country. Interest rate Def: The cost og borrowing money over a period of time or the pice that lenders charge borrowes for the use of lendedr's money. Exchange rate Def: The value of one currency against the currency of another country. Central bank Def- A national bank that provides financial and banking services for its country's goverment and commercial banking system Monetary policy Def- The way a central bank controls the amount of money in the economy at a particular time, for axample by changing interest rates. Fluctuate Def- The irregular rise and fall of number or amount. Speculate Def- To buy goods, shares, property, etc. in the hope that their value will increase so that can be sold for a profit. Inflation
Cost tracing is used to describe the assignment of direct costs to a particular cost object. Indirect costs of a cost object are related to the particular cost object but cannot be traced to it in an economically feasible (cost effective) way. Cost allocation is used to describe the assignment of indirect costs to a particular cost object. Cost assignment is a general term that encompasses both tracing direct costs and allocating indirect costs. Factors affecting direct/indirect cost classification: Materiality of the cost in question - the smaller the amount of cost, the more immaterial the cost is, the less likely that it is economically feasible to trace the cost to a particular cost object. Available information-gathering technology. Design of operations. Variable cost changes in total in proportion to changes in the related level of total activity or volume.
environmental, and social performance; promote comparability of sustainability reports, while taking into account the practical considerations related to disclosing information across a diverse range of organisations, many with extensive and geographically dispersed operations; support benchmarking and assessment of sustainability performance with respect to codes, performance standards, and voluntary initiatives; and serve as an instrument to facilitate stakeholder engagement. The Guidelines are not: a code or set of principles of conduct; a performance standard;or a management system. The Guidelines do not: provide instruction for designing an organisation’s internal data management and reporting systems; or offer methodologies for preparing reports, or for performing monitoring and verification of such reports. 3
already was experience to learn from. In analyzing the different routes – interest expense versus debt as a base, the OECD proposes the former because it would be less complicated to control. Second, the OECD analyses different metrics to measure the economic activity and proposes using earnings (EBITDA, or EBIT – earnings before interest and taxes - if the country prefers the latter), but discusses also the benefits of using asset values as the base. It concludes that in many cases determining the market value of land, buildings, and e.g. intellectual property may become too complicated to arrive at reasonable results across different companies in different sectors, therefore preferring the earnings. There are some shortcomings to use earnings as a measure of economic activity – for example in case of a loss- making entity – but there are ways to overcome this by using targeted rules to carry
customer data. 5. Watchdogs Customer protection group who are concerned about the gathering and storing of large quantities of customer information. 6. encrypt the information private data is encrypt to a secret code and the information is no longer available to others MONEY-BUYING, SELLING AND PAYING 1. current account where you pay in your salary and the withdraw money and pay your every day bills. 2. bank statement regular notis on how mutch money you have on your account. 3. savings account it where you deposit any extra money that you have and only take money out when you really need it. 4. be in the red when you account is overdrawn, you can be said to be in red. You have money but you owe it to the bank 5. be in the black - To be in black- you have money left on your bank account. 6. bank loan when you loan money from bank 7
stable institutions, that can guarantee the democracy and the protection and respect of human rights and minorities; a functioning market economy and the ability to cope with the pressure of competition and market forces within the EU; ability to meet the obligations of membership, including the support for the goals. Country's administrative system must be capable of applying EU laws and put them to use. According to Vahur Kraft, the leader of Estonian Nordea Bank, the euro creates many new opportunities for the country's economy and the society as a whole. Bo Kragh, the vice president of the Bank of Estonia, has a bit different point of view. He has said in his article that the euro takes away our financial independence. Kragh says the Bank of Estonia won't be an independent institution anymore and it will be a branch office of European Central Bank from now on. That won't change
KNOW ALL PERSONS: That I, ____________________________________, currently residing at __________________________________________, by this document do make and appoint __________________________________, whose address is ____________________________________________, as my true and lawful attorney-in-fact to act as follows, GRANTING unto my said Attorney full power to: Transact business for me and in my name in connection with the following bank account(s): Financial Institution: _______________________________ Checking Account Number: ______________________________ Savings Account Number: ____________________________ and for this purpose to draw, cash, discount, or otherwise deal with bills of exchange, checks, promissory notes, or other securities for payment or money; to receive,
facing (service, marketing and sales, logistics) ○ Learning and imitation – independent R&D, reverse engineering and licencing ● Appropriating the benefits of investment in technology: ○ Capacity to translate technological advantage into commercially viable products and processes (commitment of complementary assets in production and marketing) ○ Capacity to defend advantage against imitators (patent protection) Sectoral system of innovation: definition, types A sector is a set of activities that are unified by some related product group for a given or emerging demand and that share some basic knowledge. Firms in sectors have commonalities and at the same time are heterogeneous. Innovation in sectors has relevant systemic features.
Sales Agent, Montana Marketing, June July 2005 Duties: Talking to customers door to door, selling contracts. Team Leader (Sergeant), Estonian Army, July 2004 - June 2005 Duties: Leading a group of 10 soldiers, motivating groups to work as a team, preparing training exercises. Head of the Shift, Filee Meat Factory, Estonia, June - September 2003 Duties: Looking after a team of 8 people, picking orders in a chilled warehouse. Sales Agent/Team Leader, Estonian United Bank, September 2002 - July 2004 Duties: Making presentations. Finding customers. Talking to customers. Selling Life insurance and pension schemes contracts. Represent Estonian United Bank on exhibition. Building sales team. Organizing trainings to sales team. VOLUNTARY WORK: Fundraiser, RECOVERY Charity, April 2012 Jan 2017 Regional Coordinator and Partner of Let's Do It!, Let's Do It! World, Nov 2011 Dec 2015 Duties: Coordinating Leicester and Leicestershire. Sharing information, building a
5c’s of Credit When you apply for a loan, the lender will evaluate your request in order to determine whether or not it is a good decision to lend you and your business money. A common evaluation framework is the Five C’s of Credit: capacity, capital, collateral, conditions and character. Capacity refers to your ability to meet the loan payments. The prospective lender will want to know exactly how you intend to repay the loan. The lender will consider the cash flow from the business, the timing of repayment, and the probability of successful repayment of the loan. Lenders will also consider payment history as an indicator of future payment potential. For example, if you have a history of not paying back loans then it becomes more difficult to obtain additional loans. Capital is the money invested in the business and is an indicator of how much is at risk should the business fail
Illiberal- mittetahtlik Incomplete-mittetäielik Denmark- Danish USA- English Greece- Greek Norway- Norwegian Britain- English Italy- Italian France- French Turkey- Turkish Sweden- Swedish Holland- Dutch Portugal- Portuguese Spain- Spanish Russia- Russian Finland- Finnish Germany- German UNIT6 The bank of England- keskpank, central bank Commercial bank- clearing bank Merchant banks- äripank- specialise in services for companies Regular payment- direct debit Salary- palk, money your employer pays you every month Net- neto, the amount that remains after everything else has been deducted Wages- palk, money you make when you work, usually paid weekly, in cash Routine- tavapärane, ordinary and boring Cost- maksma Stirling- the currency unit of United Kingdom
buying things. The income approach works on the principle that the incomes of the productive factors ("producers") must be equal to the value of their product, and determines GDP by finding the sum of all producers' incomes "Gross" means that GDP measures production regardless of the various uses to which that production can be put. Production can be used for immediate consumption, for investment in new fixed assets or inventories, or for replacing depreciated fixed assets. "Domestic" means that GDP measures production that takes place within the country's borders. · In the expenditure-method equation, the exports-minus-imports term is necessary in order to null out expenditures on things not produced in the country (imports) and add in things produced but not sold in the country (exports). Economists (since Keynes) have preferred to split the general consumption term into two parts;
Western Washington University etc. Health system Washington Healthplanfinder is the online health insurance marketplace in Washington State and was created in accordance with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The marketplace gives individuals, families, and small businesses the option to shop, compare, and sign up for health and dental insurance. Government Washington's executive branch is headed by a governor elected for a four-year term. The state is typically thought of as politically divided by the Cascade Mountains, with Western Washington being liberal and Eastern Washington being conservative. Washington has voted for the Democratic presidential nominee in every election since 1988. Texas Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
TALLINN UNIVERSITY The Law School Law The European Union Law The EU institutions Lecturer: Matti Kauppi Student: Viktoria Gratšjova Tallinn, 2014 The institutions of the European Union form a complex and unique polity and, in determining whether or not this structure and the law making powers granted to each respective institution are inherently undemocratic, it is vital to define what is meant by the term ‘democratic’. In his Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln referred to a government which was ‘of the people, by the people, for the people’and it is by this criterion that democracy is often judged. These principles are reflected in having equal access to power and in being equal before the law. It must be considered not only whether law making powers are granted to elected persons, but also whether the balance of power between institutions within the European Union promotes
enda riigi huve, valitakse president (esimene Hallstein, praegu juncker) - Üks liikmetest on EC president - Asutati 1951 ESCE tõttu - 5 aastat Court of Justice of the European Union – Euroopa Kohus ja Üldkohus - Üks kohtunik igast riigist + 11 juristi - Tekkis 1952 - Kontrollib et EL seadused oleks tõlgendatud ja kasutatud igas liikmesriigis samamoodi - Sanktsioonid - European Central Bank – Euroopa Keskpank - Haldab eurot - Säilitab hinnad stabiilsena - Suunab EL majandus- ja rahanduspoliitikat - EKP president, asepresident ja kõigi EL liikmesriikide keskpankade juhid - Asutati 1998 Court of Auditors – Euroopa Kontrollikoda - Jälgib, et EL rahalisi vahendeid kogutakse ja kasuttakse eesmärgipäraselt - Aitab tõhustada EL finantsjuhtimist - Üks liige igast EL liikmesriigist - Asutati 1977 - Sõltumatu välisaudiitor
year. Furthermore, it has taken $2 billion out of its operational costs since 2014. All that said, at the moment ConocoPhillips isn't yet generating enough cash flow to pay for its capex and its dividend, though that is by design. The company has been working toward a goal of being cash flow neutral by 2017 under a range of commodity prices, and it's sticking by that target date. In the meantime, it plans to use some of its debt capacity as well as sell noncore assets to bridge the gap. Unlike a lot of oil companies, ConocoPhillips' top priority is its dividend. Because of that, it entered the downturn in a position of strength, which means it can still comfortably maintain its dividend despite the persistent weakness in oil and gas prices. Chuck Saletta ExxonMobil (NYSE:XOM) is well positioned to protect its dividend, even with oil prices below $40 a barrel. There are at least three key reasons why. 1
...................................usaldusväärne nõunik 22. A wide assortment of tools ..............................lai valik vahendeid 23. Account - .............................................................konto 24. Accounting - .......................................................raamatupidamine 25. Acquire ............................................................omandama 26. Actual money multiplier ..................................tegeliku raha multiplikaator 27. Add-on loan rate method .................................summeerimismeetod 28. Adjustment .......................................................kohandamine, kohandumine 29. Advertaisment - ..................................................kuulutus, reklaam 30. Advertising hype ..............................................jõuline reklaamimine 31. Advertising's public nature ..............................reklaami avalik loomus 32. Affliction ..................................................
to help them pay for their studies is a student grant. Onthe other hand, there are a lot of people who take advantage of the government and the social security. Some people pretd to have a disability just to get the disability allowance and not to have to work. In conclusion, social security pays a big role in a lot of people's everyday life. For some people in need, it's the only income they have but also for those people who actually do not need it. Taking loans Borrowing money either from a bank or from someone you know, is usually a vary risky thing to do and if you are not careful it can end really badly. First of all, people usually borrow money because they need money for something they can't afford at the moment either it's a mortage to buy a house or a student loan to help pay for the studies. Secondly, when you take a bank loan, then you have to consider a fact that you have to pay it back with intrests
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