Artikkel Artikkel on abisõna, mis kuulub nimisõna juurde. Inglise keeles on kaks artiklit: 1) umbmäärane artikkel umbmäärane artikkel on a, täishäälikuga algava nimisõna ees an 2) Määrav artikkel on the Umbmäärase artikli puudumine võib muuta nimisõna tähendust wood puit a wood mets fire tuli a fire lõke iron raud a iron triikraud He gave me the book. Ta andis mulle selle raamatu. He gave me a book
Artikkel Inglise keeles on kaks artiklit: umbmäärane artikkel a, an (the indefinite article) ja määrav artikkel the (the definite article). Loendatava d Loendamatud nimisõnad nimisõnad Ainsus Mitmus This is a cat. Umbmäärane artikkel There is a rose on the table. The cats The cat is are eating. drinking Give me the milk. Määrav artikkel The rose is milk. The snow is covering the earth. in the vase. The roses are red.
He will have been writing for an hour by the time Mary calls him. Passive (is,was done; be, been, being done) REEGEL: · Inglise keeles laused võivad olla kahes tegumoes: aktiivis ja passiivis. My child drew a picture. (aktiiv; lauses on alus, kes on ka tegija) (alus) (öeldis) (sihitis) The picture was drawn. (passiiv; lauses on alus, kuid see ei ole tegija) (alus) (öeldis) · Passiivi kasutatakse siis, kui tegija on teadmata või tema mainimine ei ole oluline. MOODUSTAMINE Passiivi ajavormid moodustatakse be pöördelistes vormidest antud ajas ja lisatakse põhiverbi mineviku kesksõna (Past Participle). Kui tegija on teada ja tahetakse teda ära mainida, siis kasutatakse eessõna by, millele järgneb tegija. Ajavorm Aktiiv Passiiv Tense form Active voice Passive voice
2. Mäeahelikud The Rocky Mountains 3. Saarestikud The British Isles 4. Riikide nime, milles esineb üldnimi (state, kingdom) The United States 5. Kõrbed The Sahara Artiklita 1. Järved Loch Ness 2. Üksikud mäetipud Mount everest 3. Üksikud saared Ireland 4. Riikide ja mandrite nimed Estonia, Europe 5. Linnade, külade, tänavate nimed London, Oxford street Artikkel a, an Umbmäärane artikkel on a konsonantide ees ja an vokaalide ees. A dog A cake An apple An umbrella 10 Muu Otsekõne Direct speech 1. Otsekõne käib jutumärkides. 2. Saatelause järel on koma. Tom says to me: "I'm hungry." He adds: "I have eaten nothing today." Kaudkõne Reported speech 1. Kaudkõnes jutumärgid puuduvad 2. Saatesõna järel on sidesõna that. 3
3. Saarestikud The British Isles 4. Riikide nime, milles esineb üldnimi (state, kingdom) The United States 5. Kõrbed The Sahara Artiklita 1. Järved Loch Ness 2. Üksikud mäetipud Mount everest 3. Üksikud saared Ireland 4. Riikide ja mandrite nimed Estonia, Europe 5. Linnade, külade, tänavate nimed London, Oxford street Artikkel a, an Umbmäärane artikkel on a konsonantide ees ja an vokaalide ees. 11 A dog A cake An apple An umbrella 12 Muu Otsekõne Direct speech 1. Otsekõne käib jutumärkides. 2. Saatelause järel on koma. Tom says to me: "I'm hungry." He adds: "I have eaten nothing today." Kaudkõne Reported speech 1. Kaudkõnes jutumärgid puuduvad 2. Saatesõna järel on sidesõna that. 3. Saatesõnade say ja tell järel jäetakse sidesõna that tavaliselt ära. 4
Määravat artiklit kasutatakse: 1) kui antud eset või olendit on varem mainitud There is an apple on the table. The apple is yellow. 2) kui räägitakse ilmakaartest Haapsalu is in the west. 3) kui räägitakse kindlast ja teadaolevast olendist, esemest või kohast Children are in the park. 4) muusikainstrumentide puhul My older sister plays the quitar. 5) järgarvude ning omadussõna ülivõrde puhul October is the tenth month. What is the most interesting lesson for you? 6) mõnede pärisnimedega jõgede, merede ja ookeanide nimed- the Thames, the Baltic Sea teatrite, kinode ja hotellide nimed- the Palace
Articles: A(N), THE, Ø A(N) üks (mingi), üks paljudest loendatava ja ainsuses oleva nimisõna esmane mainimine THE "see" (kõigile teada/näha, millest on jutt) nimisõna võib olla nii ainsuses kui mitmuses; loendatav või mitte Ø (nullartikkel) üldistav (loendatavad nimisõnad mitmuses, mitte loendatavad ainsuse või mitmuse vormis) Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 A(N) Loendatavate, ainsuses olevate ja esmakordselt mainitavate nimisõnade/omadus- ja nimisõnade ees · Uus info: A (young) man in a streetcar smiled at me.
Thus, in most general terms, a and an cannot be used with countable nouns in the plural and with uncountable nouns. Countable nouns are names of the things you can count (one elephant, two elephants, three elephants, etc). Uncountable nouns are names of the things you cannot normally count (love, air, philosophy, etc). The can usually be used when we mean this. The Indefinite Article – a/an (= one!) can only be used with singular countable nouns. a child, a book, an elephant, an apple On the other hand, singular countable nouns cannot be used without any determiner. Determiners are both articles (a/an and the) and different pronouns (e.g., one, another, each, every, this, that; personal pronouns: my, your, his, her, its, our, their). Only one determiner can be used at a time: My house was deserted. Or: The house was deserted. Another problem is the pollution that the factory causes to the environment
I speak English. I can speak English. Negative sentences subject verbs Indirect object Direct object place time I will not you the story at Tomorro tell school w. Subordinate Clauses conjunction subject verb(s) Indirec Direct place time t object object I will you the story at school tomorrow. tell
.. I'm calling from ... · Good morning. This is ... from .... Ending a telephone conversation · Look forward to hearing from you then. · Thanks for calling. It's been nice talking to you. · That's just about it for now. I'll get back to you later. · Is that everything? · Have we covered everything? Leaving a message · Can/Could I leave a message? · Can/Could you take a message? · Could you tell him/her I called? · Shall I ask him to call you back? · Can/Could I give him/her a message? 9 Other key phrases · Would you hold the line a moment, please? · Would you wait a moment, please? · Could you call back later? · I'm sorry the line is engaged/busy. · I'm sorry. He's not answering at the moment. · Thank you/Thanks for calling.
Noun In place of noun the pronoun stands, As he and she can clap their hands. The adjective describes a thing, As magic wand or bridal ring. Adjective Most verbs mean action, something done, Verb To read and write, to jump and run. How things are done the adverbs tell, As quickly, slowly, badly, well. ition Adverb Prepos The preposition shows relation, As in the street or at the station. Conjunctions join, in many ways, Sentences, words, or phrase and phrase. The interjection cries out, "Heed!
London Zoo the post office Buckingham Palace the National Mall NB! the Royal Palace the Empire State Building the High Street the White House the Mall, the Strand (teed) the Eiffel Tower NB! Kui need hooned on saanud nime kellegi inimese järgi, siis artiklit ei kasuta: Victoria Station Westminster Abbey Lloyd´s Bank Järved: Jõed, kanalid, väinad, merehoovused: Lake Peipus (NB! the Peipus) the Thames, the Nile the Seine, the Rhine the English Channel, the Amaxon
Mare Jõul, Ülle Kurm, 2009 Kirjastus Studium, 2009 Kõik õigused on kaitstud. Ilma autoriõiguse omaniku eelneva kirjaliku loata pole lubatud ühtki selle töövihiku osa paljundada ei elektroonilisel, mehaanilisel ega muul viisil. Töövihik on kooskõlas 2009. a uuendatud õppekomplektiga I Love English 6. Tartu, 2014 ISBN 978-9949-436-59-0 Kirjastus Studium Riia 15b, Tartu 51010 www.studium.ee Trükitud OÜ Greif trükikojas Lohkva, Luunja vald Tartumaa 62207 --- 3 xxx 1. The Big Apple 1. Write the verbs in the present continuous or the past continuous tense. Do you remember? am is are was were verb -ing 1 Sorry. I ... (write) a report at the moment. I can't come with you. 2 When Peter arrived, his friends ... (play) football. 3 I ... (sleep) when the alarm went off in my sister's room. 4 Dad's mobile phone is switched off because he ... (fly) to Paris. He's on the plane at the moment. 5 I ... (read) an interesting book. It's a collection of memories. 6 Leo was late again
Tests Superstar 1 Luke Prodromou Test 1 Name____________________ Class_______ Use your English 1 Complete these sentences using the correct form (present simple or present continuous) of the verb in brackets. _ 1 She is in a band and she _________________________________ (record) a CD at the moment. _ 2 She is an actress and often _________________________________ (appear) on television. _ 3 At the moment she _________________________________ (have) a rest because she is tired. _ 4 Mike is a doctor and he _________________________________ (live) in Manchester. _ 5 I _________________________________ (start) work at 8.30 every morning. _ 6 He is a good cook but she _________________________________ (prefer) to eat out. _ 7 English tests _________________________________ (get) more and more interesting.
PANEME EI PANE Kui räägime spetsiifilisest Loendamatute ja mitmuses asjast,mida on enne mainitud-the loendatavate nimis kui räägime house, üldiselt- koalas,monkeys Unikaalsete nimis-the sun,the moonNimede ette-Anna KÕIK MÄRJAD KOHAD v.a järved Riikide nimed-Brazil aga The Netherlands Mäestikud-the Andes Kõrbed-the Linnad-Glasgow Sahara Grupp saari-the Virgin islands Tiitlitega kui inimese nime pole Tänavad-Oxford Street aga The mainitud the Prince,aga Prince High Street Charles Kui last,first,only on kasut Pargid-Hyde Park omadussõnana Riigid,kui sisaldavad sõnu: Mandrid-Europe, saared-Rhodes, state,kingdom,republic...-The United järved- Lake Geneva, Lake Peipsi, Kingdom jaamad- Charing Cross Station Muusikariistad-the guitar Kahesõnalised nimed,kui I nimi on
english-4u.de/a_an_some_ex6.htm eagles We us the • when we talk about a specific thing. • when it is clear which thing or person we mean. A – AN - THE • when there is only one of something. Examples: What is the highest building in the world? Washington is the capital of the United States.
The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian restaurants. In London you'll also find Indonesian, Mexican, Greek... Cynics will say that this is because English have no "cuisine" themselves, but this is not quite the true. Vocabulary:
.. H: -Ah, yeah, remember him. What is he saying? J: - Oh, well...He is asking to come to him, and, besides, here is the money-order... H: - Oh! Would you like to cash money-order? Have you got your passport with you? J: - Yeah, certainly. H: - Then, they'll cash your money order without fail. J: - Ok, I'll go to that counter and speak to clerk. Wait for me, please! Can you go and by tickets with me after this? H: - Certainly! Discuss the functions of post office H: - There are a lot of functions of post office. Of course, we have friends in different parts of the world, but it's really expensive to call them often. J: - Yes. Some people can use Internet, but not everyone is provided with it. So, then you can send letters... H: - Oh, yeah! It's really convenient! You can send even photos, is spite of the fact that the envelope is heavy. You can just send registered letter! J: - And if you don't know the exact address of addressee, you can send post restante letters
the street. 9) My dog......................very ill last week. 10) Where .....................your parents last Sunday? 3. Fill in the correct prepositions where necessary. (13 p) 1) He always goes to bed early.............the evening. 2) We have dinner..........5 p.m. 3) The holidays start..........Monday. 4) I am interested..................sports. 5) They often listen.............music. 6) My sister is very proud..............me. 7) Look.............the picture! 8) She decided to go there...............Monday. 9) They did not answer...........phone. 10) They all were.....................home, sitting............the living room.................the first floor. 11) We often go.............a walk in the woods. 4. Put in the where necessary.(11 p) 1) Last year I visited...........Mexico and..............United States. 2) Next year we are going skiing in.................Swiss Alps.3) .............Seychelles are a group of islands in...........Indian Ocean. 4) ...............
(NOT You speak a very good English.) 16. After look forward to, we use ing, not an infinitive. I look forward to seeing you. (NOT I look forward to see you.) We're looking forward to going on holiday. (NOT ... to go on holiday.) 17. Information is an uncountable noun. Can you give me some information? (NOT Can you give me an information?) I got a lot of information from the Internet. (NOT I got a lot of informations from the Internet.) 18. Use ing forms after prepositions. I drove there without stopping. (NOT I drove there without to stop.) Wash your hands before eating. (NOT Wash your hands before to eat.) 19. Use this, not that, for things that are close. Come here and look at this paper. (NOT Come here and look at that paper.) How long have you been in this country? (NOT How long have you been in that country?) 20. Use a plural noun after one and a half. We waited one and a half hours. (NOT We waited one and a half hour.) A mile is about one and a half kilometres
Health and the body 1) Underline the most suitable word or phrase. a) There were ten people waiting in the doctor's office/surgery/ward. b) After I ate the shellfish, I experienced/fell/happened ill. c) George's cut arm took over a week to cure/heal/look after. d) David fell down the steps and twisted his ankle/heel/toe. e) Everyone admired Lucy because she was tall and skinny/slim/thin. f) I've been digging the garden and now my back aches/pains/injuries. g) Whenever I travel by boat I start feeling hurt/sick/sore.
Multiple Choice Exercise Correct! Well done. Your score is 60%. 1. Jane is arriving on January 26 at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. 2. It snows here every year in December. We always go outside and play in the snow on Christmas day. 3. Michael is leaving on Friday at noon. 4. Frankie started working for her law firm in 1995. 5. Franklin began working on the project NO PREP yesterday. 6. Normally, on New Year's Eve, it's tradition to kiss the one you love at midnight. 7 Don't be ridiculous; there were no telephones in the seventeenth century! The telephone was invented in the 1870s. 8. The plane leaves NO PREP tomorrow morning at 8:00 AM. 9. The hills here are covered with wildflowers in early spring. 10. We met at the restaurant at 6:30 and stayed until 10:30. Ermo Altmäe 011PK Time Prepositions 2 Multiple Choice Exercise Correct! Well done. Your score is 14%. 1. She always gets up early in the morning, so she can make it to class in time. 2
Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). Syntax (concerned with the rules [grammar] and how sentences and words are formed).
Why? 17. How old were you when you first went to see a puppet show? Do you remember what it was? 18. Who is your favourite actor/actress? 19. What performance or concert would you like to see if it were possible? Why? 20. Have you got a drama club at your school? Are you a member of it? 21. Have you ever worn a costume? When? Why? 22. Have you ever seen a rehearsal of a show? When? Which show? 23. Have you ever been to a zoo? Which zoo? What animals were there? http://www.abiks.pri.ee 24. Have you ever been to a funfair? Where? 25. Have you ever been to a circus? When? Where? 26. Have you ever seen a circus show on TV? 27. What did you see in the show? (an animal act? clowns? acrobats? jugglers?) 28. Are you good at juggling? What makes you think so? 29. Do you like aerobics? Are you good at it? Do you know anybody who is? 30. Would you like to perform in a circus?
I'm always making them. --Charles Darwin MOUNTAIN VIEW, CALIFORNIA, 10 P.M., FRIDAY horeline Amphitheater was rocking. S More than 20,000 people had turned out at northern California's largest music venue to hear Nine Inch Nails, loud and in charge, on what was expected to be their last tour. Backstage, there was more unusual entertainment. "Dude, I go into the stall to take care of business, and I look over and see the top of Tim's head popping above the divider. He was doing f*cking air squats in the men's room in complete silence." Glenn, a videographer and friend, burst out laughing as he reenacted my technique. To be honest, he needed to get his thighs closer to parallel. "Forty air squats, to be exact," I offered.
PREPOSITIONS (eessõnad) Prepositions of place: KUS? WHERE? AT ON IN at 10 High Street on Fifth Avenue in the world at 224 Fifth Avenue on the street(AmE) in High Street at the corner of the street on the plane in the east of Europe at a hotel on a bus in London at a store on a boat/ship in Trafalgar Square at the concert on the floor in America at the cinema on the wall in a village at the theatre on the shelf in the country at the station on the table in (the) town at the airport on a hook in the m
Forks. I loved Phoenix. I loved the sun and the blistering heat. I loved the vigorous, sprawling city. "Bella," my mom said to me -- the last of a thousand times -- before I got on the plane. "You don't have to do this." My mom looks like me, except with short hair and laugh lines. I felt a spasm of panic as I stared at her wide, childlike eyes. How could I leave my loving, erratic, harebrained mother to fend for herself? Of course she had Phil now, so the bills would probably get paid, there would be food in the refrigerator, gas in her car, and someone to call when she got lost, but still... "I want to go," I lied. I'd always been a bad liar, but I'd been saying this lie so frequently lately that it sounded almost convincing now. "Tell Charlie I said hi." "I will." "I'll see you soon," she insisted. "You can come home whenever you want -- I'll come right back as soon as you need me." But I could see the sacrifice in her eyes behind the promise. "Don't worry about me," I urged
considered the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. "My dear Mr. Bennet," said his lady to him one day, "have you heard that Netherfield Park is let at last?" Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. "But it is," returned she; "for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it." Mr. Bennet made no answer. "Do you not want to know who has taken it?" cried his wife impatiently. "You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it." This was invitation enough. "Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it, that he agreed with Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week." "What is his name?"
Claro / Claro que sí ¿Cómo? pweh-deh ah-yoo-dar-meh klah-roh / klah-roh keh see koh-moh Can you help me? (formal) Sure / Of course What? Pardon me? ¿Dónde está / Dónde están... ? Aquí / Ahí Hay / Había... dohn-deh eh-stah / dohn-deh eh- ah-kee / ah-ee eye / ah-bee-ah stahn Here / There There is / are... / There was / were... Where is ... / Where are ... ? ¿Cómo se dice ____ en español? ¿Qué es esto? ¿Qué te pasa? koh-moh seh dee-seh ___ en eh- keh ehs ehs-toh keh teh pah-sah spahn-yol What is that? What's the matter (with you)? How do you say ____ in Spanish? No importa
IT IS 92 THERE IS / ARE 92 EESSÕNA Ajamäärused: eessõnaga ja ilma eessõnata 93 Eessõnad kohamäärustes 94 ARVSÕNA Põhiarvsõnad 95 Järgarvsõnad 95 60 KUUL UULAA & KORD KORDA ORDA ARTIKKEL Inglise keeles on 2 artiklit: 1) umbmäärane artikkel - A või AN 2) määrav artikkel - THE Umbmäärane artikkel - A / AN Esemete või olendite esmamainimisel kasutatakse tavaliselt artiklit A või AN. A kasutatakse kaashäälikuga algava sõna ees. AN kasutatakse reeglina siis, kui sõna algab täishäälikuga või kui hääldus algab täishäälikuga: an apple (üks) õun
DAMIS, DORINE MADAME PERNELLE Come, come, Flipotte, and let me get away. ELMIRE You hurry so, I hardly can attend you. MADAME PERNELLE Then don't, my daughter-in law. Stay where you are. I can dispense with your polite attentions. ELMIRE We're only paying what is due you, mother. Why must you go away in such a hurry? MADAME PERNELLE Because I can't endure your carryings-on, And no one takes the slightest pains to please me. I leave your house, I tell you, quite disgusted; You do the opposite of my instructions; You've no respect for anything; each one Must have his say; it's perfect pandemonium. DORINE If . . . MADAME PERNELLE You're a servant wench, my girl, and much Too full of gab, and too impertinent And free with your advice on all occasions. DAMIS But . . . MADAME PERNELLE You're a fool, my boy--f, o, o, l Just spells your name. Let grandma tell you that I've said a hundred times to my poor son,
Yours sincerely, Lee Jones 5. ... I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to meeting you to discuss employment opportunities. Yours faithfully, Nicole Porter Paragraph Plan for Letters · salutation · Paragraph 1 reasons for writing · Paragraphs 2, 3 development · Final paragraph closing remarks · Name · Letters are divided into two categories, formal and informal. There are various types of formal and informal letters . · It is important to think about the person who you are writing to before you begin writing a letter. If the wrong style is used, the letter will look impolite, silly or odd. For example, if you used formal language to write to a close friend, the letter would look odd, or if you used informal language to write a letter to a company, the letter would look impolite.
say that they can see a strong family coat. 4 mistake for 8 come up with resemblance between my dad and me. I can't see it myself, not facially anyway 3 Well, she would keep driving too 2 1 bring about 5 go ahead although there are certain similarities fast in the town. 2 fall through 6 go down with in our physical build. I also seem to 4 Well, he would keep misbehaving 3 tip off 7 come to have inherited his big feet, unluckily in class. 4 come up with 8 mistake for for me. It was the first thing my parents 5 Well, you would keep eating too noticed when I was born
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