Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3.
Informal- are sent to people you know well. Semi-formal- to your friend parents Formal-are normally sent to people an (friends, relatives) ect.. official position or to people u dont know well An informal greeting (Dear Formal greetings (Dear Mr and Formal greetings: Dear Sir/Madam-when u dont know the Lucy, Uncle Bill,Mum) Mrs Jones, ) name. Friendly, relaxed style (How Informal endings (Best wishes, Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms- when u know name.
To make contrasting points although, yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of, but, while, despite, even if, even though, at the same time, it can be argued that, one can argue that To conclude finally, lastly, all in all, taking everything into account, on the whole, all things considered, in conclusion, as I have said, as was previously stated, to sum up · Expressing arguments for and against a topic Introduction Introduce the subject of the essay. State why it is an important issue at the present time Main body Para.2. Give the arguments in favour of the statement, examples and justifications Para.3. Give the arguments against the statement, examples and justifications Conclusion Conclude by giving a well-balanced consideration · Providing solutions to problems Introduction State the problem, the main reasons for the problem and that there are several solutions to it Main body Para.2
FORMAL LETTER 120 (+/-10%) words I It is a formal letter. Do not use any contracted forms (don’t, can’t, I’m etc.)! II * Dear Mr. Smith / Dear Ms. Smith (No first name!!!) * Kui teame nime, siis lõpp – Yours sincerely ja ülesandes antud nimi * Kui nime pole öeldud, siis – Dear Sir or Madam * Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja ülesandes antud nimi Do not use your own name!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Enamasti Mart Mets või Mari Mets
... Closing remarks: Please do not hesitate to contact me if / should you require further information..../ I am available for the interview at your convenience./ I would be available for the interview at any time./ I would be pleased to supply you with any further details. LETTER OF INVITATION Accepting invitation Opening remarks: I am writing to thank you for the kind invitation/ Thank you for the kind invitation which I would be honoured to accept, etc. Closing remarks: I look forward to seeing you /We await the event with great anticipation, etc. Refusing invitation Opening remarks: We thank you for your recent invitation to ... but .... etc. Closing remarks: I am sorry to miss the opportunity of/ Thank you again for the invitation/ I hope we will have the opportunity to meet, etc. LETTER OF COMPLAINT Opening remarks: I am writing to complain about / regarding / on account of/ /because of/ on the subject of / I am
WRITING LETTERS Letters of invitations Formal Informal Opening We would be honoured if you, I wish to I'm writing to invite you to, Why don't you remarks cordially invite you to, Your presence is come and spend some time, Please come required at, You are invited to attend, etc. to, I'd love it if you could come to, etc. Closing We should be grateful if you could inform I love to see you again, I hope you'll be remarks us, We hope to see you, Please indicate able to make it, Please let me know as whether you will be able to attend, etc. soon as possible, I'm looking forward to, etc. Accepting an invitation
Introducing yourself and your talk Greeting, name, position, opening formalities Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Good afternoon, everyone. Good morning. My name's (...). I'm the new Finance Manager. Good morning. Let me start by saying just a few words about my own background. I started out in... Welcome to Standard Electronics. I know I've met some of you, but just for the benefit of those I haven't, my name's (...). It's very nice to see you all here today. I'm very pleased to be here. I'm glad you could all make it. Thanks for inviting me. Thank you (all) for coming. Title/Subject I'd like to talk (to you) today about ... I'm going to present the recent ... explain our position on ... introduce ... brief you on ... inform you about ... describe ... The subject of my talk
Mr. Bingley may like you the best of the party." "My dear, you flatter me. I certainly have had my share of beauty, but I do not pretend to be anything extraordinary now. When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty." "In such cases, a woman has not often much beauty to think of." "But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the neighbourhood." "It is more than I engage for, I assure you." "But consider your daughters. Only think what an establishment it would be for one of them. Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general, you know, they visit no newcomers. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not." "You are over-scrupulous, surely. I dare say Mr. Bingley will be very glad to see you;
Is a phone included?" The fourth paragraph: ,,Lastly, I would like to know if the flat is big enough for two persons. I am coming with my girlfriend and we would like to share the flat." It would be good if you could write a closing sentence. P5: Closing sentence For example: ,,If there is anything else we should be aware of, please let us know as soon as possible" or ,,Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any other information". It is compulsory to end the letter with ,,I look forward...". It is NOT ,,I am looking forward to...". P6: Ending the letter For example: ,,I look forward to your answer.", ,,I look forward to your reply/response", ,,I look forward to hear from you". A letter ends with ,,Yours sincereley" or ,,Yours faithfully" or ,,Best regards" In case you have used a comma after ,,Dear Mr Doe,", you have to use a comma in the end as well. I advise to use ,,Best regards", because it does not depend on the fact wheter you
My degree is in... I attended a.... course Final paragraph + closing sentence Closing remarks: thank the person for considering your application, ask the person to consider you for the job, mention the possibility of further communication. I have enclosed my CV... I am enclosing my curriculum vitae together with two references, I would be happy to provide any further information, if you wish me to attend an interview, I am available at any time, Thank you for considering my application. NB! I look forward to hearing from you. Sign-of Yours faithfully (if you don’t know the name) Yours sincerely (if you know the name) Register/vocabulary/grammar Language appropriate for the task, no contracted words, no slang, a wide range of vocabulary and grammatical structures, spelling and punctuation (a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence, a full stop to finish sentences, avoid exclamation marks), use of linking devices (but not the ones you would definitely
7 YAMAHA 15 ISKU 8 ESTRAVEL 2 Affirmative tense Use Signal Words Negative/Questions · action in the present taking always, Present Simple A: He speaks. place once, never or several every ..., N: He does not speak. normally, often, Q: Does he speak? times seldom, · facts sometimes, · action set by a timetable or usually schedule Present A: He is speaking
ORGON, husband of Elmire ELMIRE, wife of Orgon DAMIS, son of Orgon MARIANE, daughter of Orgon, in love with Valere CLEANTE, brother-in-law of Orgon TARTUFFE, a hypocrite DORINE, Mariane's maid M. LOYAL, a bailiff A Police Officer FLIPOTTE, Madame Pernelle's servant The Scene is at Paris ACT I SCENE I MADAME PERNELLE and FLIPOTTE, her servant; ELMIRE, MARIANE, CLEANTE, DAMIS, DORINE MADAME PERNELLE Come, come, Flipotte, and let me get away. ELMIRE You hurry so, I hardly can attend you. MADAME PERNELLE Then don't, my daughter-in law. Stay where you are. I can dispense with your polite attentions. ELMIRE We're only paying what is due you, mother. Why must you go away in such a hurry? MADAME PERNELLE Because I can't endure your carryings-on, And no one takes the slightest pains to please me. I leave your house, I tell you, quite disgusted; You do the opposite of my instructions; You've no respect for anything; each one Must have his say; it's perfect pandemonium. DORINE
I felt trapped between big ideas on the one hand and limited resources and opportunities on the other. Then I discovered a series of re- markable principles that have been responsible for all the great suc- cesses and achievements of the ages, and my life changed forever. After proving these laws and principles in my own life, I began speaking, and training others to apply the same ideas. Since then, I have given more than two thousand talks and seminars as long as four days in length, in 24 countries, to a total of more than two mil- lion participants. Most of them were also skeptical when they first heard these ideas of optimism and possibility, until they learned what you are going to learn in the pages ahead. It changed their lives, as it will change yours. ■ THE GREAT PRINCIPLE Perhaps the most important mental and spiritual principle ever dis-
9. Don't use the to talk about things in general. Books are expensive. (NOT The books are expensive.) I love music. (NOT I love the music.) 10. Use had better, not have better. I think you'd better see the doctor. (NOT I think you have better see the doctor.) We'd better ask John to help us. 11. Use the present progressive am playing, is raining etc to talk about things that are continuing at the time of speaking. I'm playing very badly today. (NOT I play very badly today.) Look! It's raining! (NOT Look! It rains!) 12. Use for with a period of time. Use since with the beginning of the period. for the last two hours = since 9 o'clock for three days = since Monday for five years = since I left school I've been learning English for five years. (NOT I've been learning English since three years.) We've been waiting for ages, since eight o'clock. 13. Don't separate the verb from the object. VERB OBJECT She speaks English very well
c) a person The first time I met Kati was in 2010. I first met her on the eve of my university life as she arrived in my dormitory room quite late at night. I wasn't very fond of her at that moment. She has an oval face that is covered with freckles. Her complexion is very fair, she doesn't tan at all. She has blue eyes that match her blonde hair and complexion. She has a narrow nose, everything about her is slim. She is very thin and looks sometimes younger than she is, she's in her mid twenties. She has one of the most peculiar personalities I know. She is sometimes very quiet and completely shuts me out and then she can be very chatty. Her views of the world could be categorized as pessimistic, but I know she secretly harbours a lot of positivity. She often second guesses herself and that makes her kind of a perfectionist. I sometimes feel as if she is slow on purpose, but I know it's just the way she's made.
Try to make your topic focused and broad at the same time, it sounds paradoxical but it's not. If the topics above do not help in stimulating your creativity and eliminating the writers' block, try following some of these steps: Ask help from parents, friends or colleagues Consider your childhood Consider your role models Read sample admission essays Goal determination Once you have generated the list of potential topics, look over it and revise. Add something if you want to and remove things you feel you might not be able to write about. Do this as many times as you can over the period of one week and develop your thoughts. Another good idea would be to show your list to people who know you and get feedback from them. If you do not come up with an idea for your essay, even after reading all these instructions - do not worry! Coming up with ideas is difficult and sometimes requires a lot of time
* Kui nime ei tea, siis lõpus Yours faithfully ja allkiri ja ülesandes antud nimi Enda nime ei tohi mitte mingil juhul kirjutada!!!!! Te olete kas Jürid või Marid, Urved või Urmased jne. Kirjade tüübid: 1) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb kelleltki nõu küsida, siis alustage: I am writing to ask if you could help me with... I am writing to ask for your advice... Ja lõpetage I would appreciate if you could give me your advice as soon as possible või I look forward to receiving your advice... 2) Kui peate kirjutama kirja , kus tuleb ise nõustada, siis alustage: I am writing in reply to your letter asking advice about.... Ettepanekuid tehke nii ---- I would suggest that, I would advise you to... If I were you, I would do ( teine tingimuslause. Ja saate plussid veel keerulise konstruktsiooni eest) Ja lõpetage I would very much like to know if this was helpful..; I hope this will be of help... 3) Kui tuleb kirjutada kaebekirja
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and
William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviv- ing works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been trans- lated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of the playing company the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. He ap- pears to have retired to Stratford around 1613, where he died three years later
a shift would be? As for accommodation, what would the three-month rent be in total? Finally, I was wondering/may I ask how much I could expect to earn/what the offered salary is. Being an 18-year-old school leaver from Estonia, I am eager to improve my English skills as well as gain work experience in catering services abroad. I would therefore appreciate it if you gave me more details about your job offer. Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions. I look forward to hearing from you. Sincerely M.Mets Mari Mets (See the rubric at http://www.ekk.edu.ee/vvfiles/1/inglisek_2009_1vihik.pdf) LETTER OF APPLICATION Make sure it is specific to both the organization and the job. Consider discussing the following topics in your letter of application: How the organization's personality and mission align with your own values. How your background makes you a valuable asset to the role and to the organization.
Topics are structured in four parts in the book. Part I, Reference and Referring, includes topics such as Russell's Theory of Descriptions, Donnellan's distinction, problems of anaphora, the description theory of proper names, Searle's cluster theory, and the causalhistorical theory. Part II, Theories of Meaning, surveys the competing theories of linguistic mean- ing and compares their various advantages and liabilities. Part III, Pragmatics and Speech Acts, introduces the basic concepts of linguistic pragmatics, includes a detailed discussion of the problem of indirect force and surveys approaches to metaphor. Part IV, new to this edition, examines the four theories of metaphor. Features of Philosophy of Language include: · new chapters on Frege and puzzles, inferentialism, illocutionary theories of meaning, and relevance theory · chapter overviews and summaries · clear supportive examples · study questions
either from Britain or France. It was especially a poignant time for Africa, as then British Prime Minister Harold McMillan articulated his now famous “winds of change” sweeping Africa. We had high hopes for Africa, for the Black race, that the insidious imposition of foreign rule on us, the looting of Africa’s natural resources by our colonial masters accorded us would be things of history. That is more than forty years ago. Unfortunately, the promise of independence has not been fulfilled. Today, Africa has become more desolate; there is more starvation, diseases and non-provision of essential services than when we got our independence. There are all kinds of wars in Africa than the rest of world put together. The majority of so-called Africans leaders want to stay in power until the day their bodies are put in the grave
PR office to journalist. But the key to making the right decision, says Lees, is to bring your dream back down to life with a hard thump. "I always say to people, 'Find out what you will actually be doing in the job of your dreams. What does the nitty-gritty day-to- day work involve?'" Conversely, he says, people should not be put off by their dreams. "If you did a straw poll of the number of peoplewho think about changing career and those who actually do it, you'd be looking at less than 5 per cent. And yet it's never been easier. Portfolio careers are becoming normal and it's increasingly possible to make the change gradually by training part-time. One question I ask people is, 'What will happen if you don't do it?' The answer inevitably is that they will wish they had." There are plenty of organisations able to help people embark on their journey of career change. SMP Solutions is among them. Steve Preston, the director, says that while some
3 have/'ve caught 7 As she got older, her health and judging by the students' 4 lived deteriorated. expressions, I'd say that they are 5 haven't finished enjoying their lesson. They look 3 She was unlucky because she was 6 have/'ve known interested and it looks as though shipwrecked three times. 7 walked they are working hard. Most of She was lucky because she survived
.... the ice-cold ocean. 10) It was ..... noisiest concert ever! 11) What are you doing? Don't you know that ..... fishing isn't allowed here? 12) Neither ...... them moved, they were just staring ..... each other. 13) You must go, Susan, or else I won't go ..... there as well. 14) He laughed ..... her, not feeling any pity at all. 15) Mother listened ..... the radio while Jim was catching ..... butterflies. 16) She was soon bored, so he decided ..... finish his speech earlier. 17) Marta was hungry; she went ..... the kitchen .... order to grab ..... sandwich and ..... bottle ..... milk. 1.4 Write a postcard to your friend from America who will be visiting you next week. Note: do not write more than 30-50 words Also, the postcard should include: o That you'll be meeting him/her at the airport at five p.m. o His/hers clothes should be warm and comfortable o You can organize a picnic if he/she wants Do not be too formal
seem to have travelled in the back of a lorry, presumably illegally. material for the listening tasks is on shapes into clay tablets to represent the Solutions MultiROM. the tokens. Now one tablet could 4 Students' own answers · Reading: Elicit strategies for contain more than one word. dealing with the true / false task. 5 See transcript Remind the students to identify Originally, these pictures simply represented whole concepts such as
ManOS Overview Everything below is rooted in my core value of creating selfesteem. My actions today focus on work, girls, travel & having fun. My career is the ultimate leverage point as this creates the money, selfesteem and confidence. The money allows me to travel and the selfesteem & confidence allow me to live the lifestyle that is congruent with drawing in girls. Long term (5+ years), I want my life to offer value to the world by having a beneficial impact on those around me. I am obviously not clear how I will do this, so for now, I am focused on taking the greatest strides possible over the next few years, to better put me in a position to achieve my long term goal. 1. Career Vision I want to earn the rank of manager in my firm within the next 3 years. I want to earn the respect and trust of fellow employees. I�
1. FIRST SIGHT My mother drove me to the airport with the windows rolled down. It was seventy-five degrees in Phoenix, the sky a perfect, cloudless blue. I was wearing my favorite shirt -- sleeveless, white eyelet lace; I was wearing it as a farewell gesture. My carry-on item was a parka. In the Olympic Peninsula of northwest Washington State, a small town named Forks exists under a near-constant cover of clouds. It rains on this inconsequential town more than any other place in the United States of America. It was from this town and its gloomy, omnipresent shade that my mother escaped with me when I was only a few months old. It was in this town that I'd been compelled to spend a month every summer until I was fourteen. That was the year I finally put my foot down; these past three summers, my dad, Charlie, vacationed with me in California for two weeks instead. It was to Forks that I now exiled myself-- an action that I took with great horror
do it, enabled us to make significant changes. His work has enabled us to gain significant competitive differentiation and advantage" -LAURENCE HOF, Vice President, Relationship Consulting, Advanta Corporation "This will help executives make better decisions and use their influence wisely ... Robert Cialdini has had a greater impact on my thinking on this topic than any other scientist." -CHARLES T. MUNGER, Vice Chairman, Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. If you're wondering why of Latin America, the Far East, and Central Europe. you should buy this new edition of Influence: o More neuroscience evidence of how the influence process works is inte-
H-Helen, J - Julia 1.Receiving a money order H: - Hello, I would like to cash a money order. J: - Hello! You should present your identity card. H: - But, you know, I'd like to receive money order for my sister. How do I go about it? J: - Your identity card and letter of attorney, please. H: - Here you are. J: - Well...Unfortunately, I can't cash your money order your signature is not witnessed. H: - Ok. Than, please, I'd like to cash my money order. J: - Take this form and fill it in. May I see your passport? H: - Yes. Please. So...Should I write my full name, my passport number and the sum of money that has been sent to me, right? J: - Certainly. How would you like the money? H: - I prefer one hundred rouble notes, if you don't mind. J: - Here is your money. H: - Thank you Getting a post-restante. H: - Hi, Julia! What are you doing here? J: - I'm getting post restante letter from Boris...
Science fiction Ulmejutt Travel books Reisiraamatud Fairy tales muinasjutud Do you agree? Watching theatre performances on TV is just like eating canned food. Circus shows are exciting only for kids. The life of top sportsmen is only hard work and no fun at all. Nowadays sport is not so popular with young people as it was about ten years ago. WEATHER 1. What´s the weather like today? 2. What does the weather forecast say about tomorrow? 3. What kind of weather do you like best? Describe the weather you like best. 4. Is it good to have four seasons? Why? Why not? 5. Which season do you like best? What is your favourite season? Why? 6. Do you listen to weather forecasts? Do you read them in the newspaper? 7. What is the most terrible weather you have ever seen? 8. What will the weather be like if swallows fly very low? The sun sets into a cloud? The sunset is red
The camera cost $599, and I paid for it by credit card. When I arrived at my hotel in Wondercity almost 24 hours later, I discovered that the box which contained the camera did not include the battery, and the space in the box for the charger was empty. I am now in Wondercity, and I am not returning to Freetown, so I need to get the missing parts here. I would be grateful if you could arrange for the parts to be sent to me. I attach a copy of the receipt for your information. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Introduction This report looks at the dietary habits of twenty students in their final year at Freedonian Secondary School. The report is based on the students' responses to the questionnaire administered by the school's doctor. Meals The survey have revealed that the students do not have enough meals. Only eight of those questioned eat before school, and half of them have their midday meal at school
They usually go to bed at about midnight. 2 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2001. This sheet may be photocopied for use in class. 8 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yes, we own a BMW. 9 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I don't know what the word means. Look it up in a dictionary. 10 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ No, I don't like the Spice Girls. Marks: /10 Words, words, words 4 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the words below. There is one extra word which you do not need to use.
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