Continents, towns and streets don't have an article. "Africa", "New York", "Church Street". Theatres, cinemas and hotels have 'the'. "The Odeon", "The Almeira", "The Hilton". We use 'the' before classes of people. "the rich", "the poor", "the British". Prepositions: TIME: English Usage Example on days of the week On Monday in months/seasons In August/in winter time of day in the morning year in 2009 after a certain period of time (when?) in an hour
I come back from Latvia, from school, from the cinema, from work. before dinner. She took it out of the bag, from her bag, from the table. after dinner. We jumped of horse, off the chair. at the same time. at Easter. on Friday. I stayed for a year she was there from Monday to Friday on the second of January. For two weeks from 2 o'clock to/till 5 o'clock on Monday evening. For lunch in the afternoon. Until/till 5 o'clock in 2006. in spring. Kindla eesõnaga sõnad
a. öösel- at night) *in the morning (hommikul) *in the afternoon (pärastlõunal) *in the evening (õhtul) AT 1. Täpsed kellaajad, vanused *at 5 o'clock (kell viis) *at (the age of) 17 (17-aastaselt) 2. Pühad, nädalavahetused *at Christmas (jõulude ajal) *at weekends (nädalavahetustel) 3. Söögiajad *at lunch (lõunasöögi ajal) 4. Sõnad, mis viitavad ajale *at the same time (samal ajal) *at the moment (hetkel) ON 1. Lühemad ajajärgud (tähtpäevad, nädalapäevad) *on Monday (esmaspäeval) *on the first of June (esimesel juunil) *on the morning of 1 June (esimese juuni hommikul) *on Sunday morning (pühapäeva hommikul) MUUD EESSÕNAD *before lunch (enne lõunat) *after lunch (pärast lõunasööki) KUI KAUA(KS)? for a year (aastaks) for two months (kaheks kuuks) for an hour (tunniks) for supper (õhtusöögiks) until two o'clock (kella kaheni) till next Sunday (järgmise pühapäevani) from May to /till July (maist juulini) from 9 a.m. to/till 6 p.m
at the bus- stop on the notice- board in the field at home on the radio in the park at work on television in the car at the university on page 5 in the drawer at the lecture on both sides of the street in a chair at an office on top in the picture at a party on leave in the water at the top of the page on holiday in the sky at the bottom of the page on my right in a coffee bar at the end of the street on my way to college in the middle of the room at my left side in the corner of the room 1 KUHU? WHERE TO? KUS
Prepositions Table of Contents Prepositions of Time – in, on & at ....................................................................... 2 Prepositions of Time – for & since ....................................................................... 3 Prepositions of Time – for & during ..................................................................... 3 Prepositions of Time – during & while ................................................................. 4 Prepositions of Time – by & by the time .............................................................. 4 Prepositions of Time – until & from ... till / to ... .........................................
fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kestvat aega, näiteks see, hear, know. I see that man who you are pointing at. · Üldist, kogu aeg toimuvat või korduvat tegevust, pole oluline, kas tegevus toimub rääkimise hetkel. Teachers teach in schools. He usually goes to gym on Monday. · Tegevust mingil ajal. I go to school at 8 o´clock. You have to pay taxes once a month. · Kõigile tuntud fakte. Life passes by quickly. Present Continuous Kestva oleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I am speaking I am not speaking Am I speaking?
EESSÕNAD ABOVE kohal above the shelf ON peal on the desk on Monday evening UNDER all under the bed BEFORE enne before the meeting AFTER pärast after the movie WITH kellega/ millega connected with the profit FOR eest / jaoks pay for the products for 200 euros DURING kestel, vältel during the seminar FROM ... TO millest milleni from 9 to 5 from the hotel to the beach
*in 1991 (1991. aastal) 2. Pevaperioodid (v.a. sel- at night) *in the morning (hommikul) *in the afternoon (prastlunal) *in the evening (htul) AT 1. Tpsed kellaajad, vanused *at 5 o'clock (kell viis) *at (the age of) 17 (17-aastaselt) 2. Phad, ndalavahetused *at Christmas (julude ajal) *at weekends (ndalavahetustel) 3. Sgiajad *at lunch (lunasgi ajal) 4. Snad, mis viitavad ajale *at the same time (samal ajal) *at the moment (hetkel) ON 1. Lhemad ajajrgud (thtpevad, ndalapevad) *on Monday (esmaspeval) *on the first of June (esimesel juunil) *on the morning of 1 June (esimese juuni hommikul) *on Sunday morning (phapeva hommikul) MUUD EESSNAD *before lunch (enne lunat) *after lunch (prast lunaski) KUI KAUA(KS)? for a year (aastaks) for two months (kaheks kuuks) for an hour (tunniks) for supper (htusgiks) until two o'clock (kella kaheni) till next Sunday (jrgmise phapevani) from May to /till July (maist juulini) from 9 a.m. to/till 6 p.m. (kella 9-st 6-ni)
ABOUT: He told us about his trip. (Ta rääkis meile oma reisist.) ABOVE: The plane flew above the clouds. (Lennuk lendas pealpool pilvi.) ACROSS: He ran across the street. (Ta jooksis üle tänava.) AFTER: They arrived after supper. (Nad saabusid pärast õhtusööki.) AGAINST: I am against the proposal. (Ma olen ettepaneku vastu.) ALONG: They walked along the shore. (Nad kõndisid mööda kallast.) AMONG: Divide the sweets among the boys. (Jaga maiustused poiste vahel ära.) AT: We met at a party. (Me kohtusime ühel peol.) BEFORE: I'll be back before 3 o'clock. (Ma olen tagasi enne kella kolme.) BEHIND: He sat behind me. (Ta istus minu taga.)
PEAMISED EESSÕNAD KOOS NÄITEGA ABOUT: He told us about his trip. (Ta rääkis meile oma reisist.) ABOVE: The plane flew above the clouds. (Lennuk lendas pealpool pilvi.) ACROSS: He ran across the street. (Ta jooksis üle tänava.) AFTER: They arrived after supper. (Nad saabusid pärast õhtusööki.) AGAINST: I am against the proposal. (Ma olen ettepaneku vastu.) ALONG: They walked along the shore. (Nad kõndisid mööda kallast.) AMONG: Divide the sweets among the boys. (Jaga maiustused poiste vahel ära.) AT: We met at a party. (Me kohtusime ühel peol.) BEFORE: I'll be back before 3 o'clock. (Ma olen tagasi enne kella kolme.) BEHIND: He sat behind me. (Ta istus minu taga.)
MILLAL? KUI KAUA(KS)? 3. Ümbritsevad kohad *under the table (laua all) IN for a year (aastaks) *in the garden (aias) *above the table (laua kohal) 1. Pikad ajajärgud (sajandid, for two months (kaheks kuuks) *in the picture (pildil) *behind the house (maja taga) aastad, aastaajad, kuud) for an hour (tunniks) *in a car (autos) *between the houses (majade *in June (juunis) for supper (õhtusöögiks) *in the sky (taevas) vahel) *in spring (kevadel) until two o'clock (kella kaheni) *in the corner (nurgas) *in front of the house (maja ees)
Just walk down the hall and take the elevator up to the second floor. 10. Just as Debbie was stepping out of the elevator, she realized she was on the wrong floor, so she quickly jumped back in before the doors closed. Ermo Altmäe 011PK Direction Prepositions 2 Multiple Choice Exercise Correct! Well done. Your score is 43%. 1. While they were hiking through the forest, Laurelle and Frank saw a mountain lion. 2. We walked along the river looking for a way to get across it, but there was no bridge. 3. When the kids saw the snake in the grass, they started running around screaming hysterically. 4. The train passed through nine tunnels on the way to Denver. 5. They strolled along the beach watching the sunset. 6. The plane flew over the Grand Canyon on the way to Los Angeles. 7. Several animals, including emus, ran across the road in front of the car as they were driving through the outback of Australia. 8
Exam Focus PREPOSITIONS 1 to be in isolation; -isolatsioonis olema to came to an end; -lõpule jõudma to be keen on sth/sb; -kellegist/millegist kiindunud olema to be obsessed with sth/sb; -kellegist/millegist vallatud to be confident about sth; -milleski kindel olema to be famous for sth; -millegi pärast kuulus olema to give an interpretation of sth; -midagi tõlgendama to die in a duel; -duellil surema to die of an illness; -haigusesse surema to be dying of sth; -millessegi suremas olema to aim at/for sth/sb; -püüdlema millegi poole to travel by bus/plane; -bussi/lennukiga reisima to be on a bus/plane;- bussi/lennuki peal olema to be in a taxi/car; -autos/taksos olema to be aware of sth; -millestki teadlik olema to be ignorant of sth; -millegi suhtes võhiklik olema to be on the left/right; -vasakul/paremal olema to be at the top/bottom;-tipus/põhjas olema at the end (=last);-lõpus in the end (=finally); -lõpuks to be tired of sth/
They usually go to bed at about midnight. 2 Macmillan Publishers Limited 2001. This sheet may be photocopied for use in class. 8 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ Yes, we own a BMW. 9 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ I don't know what the word means. Look it up in a dictionary. 10 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ No, I don't like the Spice Girls. Marks: /10 Words, words, words 4 Complete these sentences using the correct form of the words below. There is one extra word which you do not need to use.
· action set by a timetable or usually schedule Present A: He is speaking. · action taking place in the at the moment, Continuous N: He is not speaking. moment of speaking just now, Q: Is he speaking? Listen!, Look!, · action taking place only for a now, right now limited period of time · action arranged for the future Past Simple A: He spoke. · Finished action in the past yesterday, 2 N: He did not speak. minutes ago, in Q: Did he speak
Right now, the two teams ... (take) their places on the football field. 9 Mrs Watson ... (make) her speech when the girls rushed in. --- 4 2. Write the verbs in the past simple, the future simple, or the present perfect tense. Do you remember? I started I'll start I've started / she's started I'm not interested in sport, but lots of my classmates are. Some of them ... (1 do) great things in sport. Lisa ... (2 win) nine swimming competitions since she was 13. John ... (3 be) the school's top runner for the last two years. Next spring he ... (4 run) the London Marathon. But my friend Kelly is the best. She ... (5 start) skating when she was four. She ... (6 have) the best results and she ... (7 win) lots of prizes. She ... even ... (8 be) on TV. Kelly ... (9 break) her arm twice while doing a jump on the ice, but she's OK now. Last year she ... (10 travel) to Canada to practise in a training camp. I'm sure sometime in the future she ..
stood on top of between the two opposite each stood behind the and held the the mountain. enemies. other. pumpkins. umbrella over it. The man looked The man wrote The man looked The man looked The manager sat at through the the address on the at the mail in the at the clock on the his desk on his telescope in his package. post box. wall. chair. hands. Viljandi 2009 Viljandi County Gymnasium 2. Prepositions of movement Picture It Clip Art Preposition Example "He carried the rubbish to the to bin."
Not · I am studying to become a doctor. Correct · I am not studying to become a dentist. · She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct · I am reading the book Tom Sawyer. Simple Past [VERB+ed] or irregular verbs Examples: Examples: · I lived in Brazil for two years. · You called Debbie. · Shauna studied Japanese for five years. · Did you call Debbie? · They sat at the beach all day. · You did not call Debbie. · They did not stay at the party the entire time. USE 1 Completed Action in the Past · We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
John gives flowers to Mary. Mary is given flowers by John. Flowers are given to Mary by John. Prepositons of place Kohamäärsõnad · In sees · On peal · Under all · Behind taga · In front of millegi ees · Between vahel · Above kohal · Up üles · Down alla · Into sees · Out of väljas · Towards suunas · From · By juures · Near lähedal · Across risti · Over üle · In the middle of millegi keskel · Opposite vastas · Around ümber · Along piki, mööda · On to - · On the top of millegi tipus olema · Off maha , ära · Up to millegini · Next to kõrval · Beside kõrval · In the corner of (toa) nurgas · On the corner of (tänava) nurgal · On the right/left paremal/vasakul · To the right/left paremale/vasakule
pv I get up at 7 every day. He always works hard. What time do you go to school? Lihtminevik The past simple Minevikus toimunud tegevus. Yesterday, last week, two das ago, last year, in 1999. 2. pv / -ed did + 1. pv I got up at nine last Saturday. Yesterday he worked much. What time did you go to school yesterday? Lihttulevik The future simple Tulevikus toimuv tegevus, mis ei sõltu meie tahtest või mille suhtes teeme otsuse kõnelemise momendil. Next week, tomorrow, in two years time, in 2020. will + 1. pv (will not = won't) Maria will be thirteen next year. Maybe I won't go to the party tomorrow, I'm too tired. Will you help me with my homework tonight? Kestev olevik The present continuous Praegu toimuv tegevus. Now, at the present. am / is / are + -ing We are learning English. Is Mark reading or writing? Where is the teacher standing? 3 4 Kestev minevik The past continuous
pv I get up at 7 every day. He always works hard. What time do you go to school? Lihtminevik The past simple Minevikus toimunud tegevus. Yesterday, last week, two das ago, last year, in 1999. 2. pv / -ed did + 1. pv I got up at nine last Saturday. Yesterday he worked much. What time did you go to school yesterday? Lihttulevik The future simple Tulevikus toimuv tegevus, mis ei sõltu meie tahtest või mille suhtes teeme otsuse kõnelemise momendil. Next week, tomorrow, in two years time, in 2020. will + 1. pv (will not = won't) Maria will be thirteen next year. Maybe I won't go to the party tomorrow, I'm too tired. Will you help me with my homework tonight? Kestev olevik The present continuous Praegu toimuv tegevus. Now, at the present. am / is / are + -ing We are learning English. Is Mark reading or writing? Where is the teacher standing? 3 Kestev minevik The past continuous
recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 1-59905-201-6 Printed in the United States of America 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Introduction Grammar is a very old field of study. Did you know that the sentence was first divided into subject and verb by Plato, the famed philosopher from ancient Greece? That was about 2,400 years ago! Ever since then, students all over the world have found it worthwhile to study the structure of words and sentences. Why? Because skill in speaking and writing is the hallmark of all educated people. Lesson by lesson, this book provides basic instruction in the eight parts of speech--nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections--as well as the standard patterns of English sentences. All students of English, be they native speakers or those
..................... 1.Complete the sentences with the prepositions . 1. The test consisted .................. two grammar exercises and a writing task. 2. I read a page .................. the book. 3. It is available .................. the internet. 4. Prices have risen .................. 10 percent. 5. I get a present .................. Jane. 6. Jane is standing ..................the car. 7. She likes a book .................. Mark Twain. 8. I go to school from Monday .................. Friday. 9. He was accused .................. the crime. 10. to carry somebody .................. board 11.He spent his childhood .................. the company of his brothers. 12. A man was fleeing .................. the ice. 13. He became obsessed .................. theories about human life . 14. All green plants take .................. carbon dioxide and give off oxygen. 15. ..................the same time 16. The puppy is .................. the trash can. 17. ............
present, or future. `Since' refers to a point in past time. A We use adverbials of time to say when something happens. We often use noun groups called time expressions as adverbials of time. yesterday, today, tomorrow last year, next Saturday, next week the day after tomorrow, last night, · the other day · Do not use the prepositions `at', `in', `on'!!! Prepositional phrases as adverbials of time: `at' is used with: clock times: at eight o'clock, at three fifteen religious festivals: at Christmas, at Easter mealtimes: at breakfast, at lunchtimes specific periods: at night, at the weekend, at weekends, at half-term `in' is used with: · seasons: in autumn, in the spring years and centuries: in 1985, in the year 2000, in the nineteenth century months: in July, in December parts of the day: in the morning, in the evenings Note that we also use `in' to say that
Printed in the United States of America For my big sister, Emily, without whose enthusiasm this story might still be unfinished. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die. Genesis 2:17 PREFACE I'd never given much thought to how I would die -- though I'd had reason enough in the last few months -- but even if I had, I would not have imagined it like this. I stared without breathing across the long room, into the dark eyes of the hunter, and he looked pleasantly back at me. Surely it was a good way to die, in the place of someone else, someone I loved. Noble, even. That ought to count for something. I knew that if I'd never gone to Forks, I wouldn't be facing death now. But, terrified as I was, I couldn't bring myself to regret the decision. When life offers you a dream so far beyond any of your expectations, it's not reasonable to grieve when it comes to an end.
she treated it that way. Thank you, Martha! To Victoria Colotta, for all her hard work on the interior design and typesetting. She took my plain text and made it gorgeous. Thank you, Victoria! To Tera Kleinfelter, who read the first half of Bared to You and told me she loved it. Thank you, Tera! To all girls who were at Cross Creek at some point in your adolescence: May all your dreams come true. You deserve it. And to Alistair and Jessica, from Seven Years to Sin , who inspired me to write Gideon and Eva's story. I'm so glad the inspiration struck twice! 1 "We should head to a bar and celebrate." I wasn't surprised by my roommate's emphatic pronouncement. Cary Taylor found excuses to celebrate, no matter how small and inconsequential. I'd always considered it part of his charm. "I'm sure drinking the night before starting a new job is a bad idea." "Come on, Eva
Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl (1916-1990) The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight - hers and the one by the empty chair opposite. On the sideboard behind her, two tall glasses, soda water, whiskey. Fresh ice cubes in the Thermos bucket. Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come him (correction: home) from work. Now and again she would glance up at the clock, but without anxiety, merely to please herself with the thought that each minute gone by made it nearer the time when he would come. There was a slow smiling air about her, and about everything she did. The drop of a head as she bent over her sewing was curiously tranquil. Her skin - for this was her sixth month with child - had acquired a wonderful translucent quality, the mouth was soft, and the eyes, with their new placid look, seemed larger darker than before
Age 15 is legally a "young person" not a "child". Age 16 is a school leaving age. They can leave home, drive a moped, marry with "parents' consent" buy beer. Age 17 can drive a car. Age 18 can vote, get married, drink in pubs. Education is a very important part in the life of British youth. One can't become an independent person without it. When time comes to enter a college a young Englishman chooses one far away from home. It is a necessary part of becoming adult. During the last 30 years there were a lot of different trends in youth movements. All of them were characterized by their own philosophy, way of life, style of dressing. Each tendency was born by the influence of economic and political changes in the society. Those trends are known as the "hippies" the "punks" the "rockers". But certainly there are different traditional youth organizations in Great Britain. Among them -- the Scout Association, the Girl Guides Association, the National Union of
.. 3. Dear Sirs, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of the items which I received from your company. I have no other alternative but to cancel the order which 1 placed earlier this week ... 4. ... thus, I recommend that you accept this advice on the matter. I am pure that the suggestion offered is the best solution. Please let me know if this was helpful. Yours sincerely, Lee Jones 5. ... I would appreciate a reply at your earliest convenience. I look forward to meeting you to discuss employment opportunities. Yours faithfully, Nicole Porter Paragraph Plan for Letters · salutation · Paragraph 1 reasons for writing · Paragraphs 2, 3 development · Final paragraph closing remarks · Name · Letters are divided into two categories, formal and informal. There are various types of formal and informal letters .
1.A decision at the moment of 1.Future plans made before the speaking: moment of speaking: A: 'I'm cold'. A: 'We've run out of milk.' B: 'I'll close the window'. B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' 2.Prediction based on opinion: 2.Prediction based on present I think the Conservatives will win the evidence: next election. Look at those boys playing football! 3.A future fact: They're going to break the window. He will be ten next year. 4.Promises / requests / refusal / willingness: I'll help you with your homework. Will you give me a hand? 5.In the same way as the future continuous, but with state verbs: I'll be at the station when you arrive. 'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I ?' and 'shall we?' in British English. These forms are used when you want to get someone's opinion,
And please go to the receptionist on table, tell him your problem. H: - I've booked a double room, and you've accommodated me in a single one! J: - Oh...Miss Britsyna? Number 223? H: - Yes! And, besides, there are cockroaches in my room!!! J: - We are very, very sorry! Probably you will be pleased if we suggest you double room with bathroom? H: - Well, I'll think...Ok. I agree. J: - You won't be displeased! Our hotel has a star rating of 4 stars! And don't forget that breakfast is served from 7 till 10. Good night! You want to book a room in the hotel by phone. H: - Hello! I'd like to book a room in your hotel. J: - Hello! Good choice! We have a star rating of 4 stars! Would you like to be accommodated in a single or a double room? H: - What's the rate for a double room per day? J: - 1000 rubles. H: - Oh! That's good. I agree. And I want a double room with bathroom and balcony. J: - Sure! H: - And at what time I must leave your hotel? J: - You are expected to sign out at noon. H: - Good
.......blue eyes and blond hair, but her brother ........dark hair. He ........in his late twenties. He........married and........two sons. I........short, but my sister........tall. We........a dog and a cat. Our uncle........two dogs. They........brown. 2. Choose the correct item. ( 5 points ) e.g. The residents were made...D....their homes by the authorities. A leave B leaving C left D to leave 1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a cafe at present, but he has already applied for a new job A work B have worked C is working D worked
Books are expensive. (NOT The books are expensive.) I love music. (NOT I love the music.) 10. Use had better, not have better. I think you'd better see the doctor. (NOT I think you have better see the doctor.) We'd better ask John to help us. 11. Use the present progressive am playing, is raining etc to talk about things that are continuing at the time of speaking. I'm playing very badly today. (NOT I play very badly today.) Look! It's raining! (NOT Look! It rains!) 12. Use for with a period of time. Use since with the beginning of the period. for the last two hours = since 9 o'clock for three days = since Monday for five years = since I left school I've been learning English for five years. (NOT I've been learning English since three years.) We've been waiting for ages, since eight o'clock. 13. Don't separate the verb from the object. VERB OBJECT She speaks English very well . (NOT She speaks very well English.)
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