Leidsid 33 sarnast õppematerjali, mis on seotud failiga "The Old Town". Need materjalid aitavad sul teemat sügavamalt mõista.
tall, location, toompea, church, castle, cathedral, garden, 14th, tourism, dome, hill, hermann, mary, virgin, king, maiden, building, century, gymnasium, centre, lower, built, 13th, centuries, wooden, several, stone, legends, danneborg, residence, april, alexander, mikhail, before, prison, neti, oldtown, count, europe, full, size, journal, stuff, thingKunda Ühisgümnaasium Tallin Old Town Report Student: Kristin Karu Teacher: Kristi Aron Kunda 2012 The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is an orthodox cathedral in the Tallinn Old Town,Estonia. It was built to a design by Mikhail Preobrazhensky in a typical Russian Revivalstyle between 1894 and 1900, during the period when the country was part of theRussian Empire. The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is Tallinn's largest and grandest orthodox cupola cathedral. It is dedicated to Saint Alexander Nevsky who in 1242 won the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus, in the territorial waters of present-day Estonia. The late Russian patriarch, Alexis II, started
to Tallinn on May 15, 1248 Independent since 1991 Covers the area of 159.2 km2 Old Town of Tallinn Tallinn's Old Town is one of the most well- preserved old towns in northern Europe The golden era in lies in the period between the early 15th and mid 16th centuries It has three parts: Lower Town, Upper Town + Town Wall, Towers and the Gates Lower Town/Upper Town Town Hall Square Toompea Castle & Tall Tallinn Town Hall Hermann's Tower Town Hall Pharmacy Cathedral of Saint Mary the Virgin Great Guild Hall Danish King's Garden House of the Brotherhood of Black Heads Other Attractions Kadriorg Palace The Kadriorg Art Museum Alexander Nevsky Cathedral Russalka Soviet Legacy
2 Towns (Upper & Lower Town) Tallinn used to be divided into 2 parts - Upper Town where lived the aristocracy, gentry and the clergy; and Lower Town with traders, craftsmen and merchants. Legend says the Toompea Hill is actually the tumulus mound of the great Kalev. Linda carried rocks to his grave. It is a naturally- formed limestone hill. Lower Town was a merchantile centre, Tallinn also belonged to the Hansaetic League (1285). It is often referred to as the town of citizens. Any grown-up, married and economically independent person, born in a legal marriage between two free people and having lived in the town for at least 3 months, could apply to the Magistracy for citizenship
Names of town ● Lindanise - it was first used in 1219, derived from mythical Linda, the wife of Kalev and the mother of Kalevipoeg, national hero. ● Koluvan - found in old Russian chronicles, the name possibly deriving from the Estonian mythical hero Kalev ● Reval - used after 1219; comes from two german words ‘reh’ and ‘fall’, meaning the falling of the deer - as they fall down the Toompea hill, probably when escaping from the Danish occupation or just the hunters. ● Tallinn - used after Estonia gained its independence in 1918, origin is definitely estonian; meaning Taani-linn, tali- linn. Liberty Square ● The central square of Tallinn, it was renovated in 2008. There used to be Harju gate, which can now be seen through glass. ● The statue of Liberty, 2009; represents freedom, Estonia has been under many foreign powers, starting with Danes,
TOOMPEA Toompea (from German Domberg – Cathedral Hill ) is a limestone hill with an area of about 7 hectares in the central part of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 m above the surrounding areas. According to the legend it´s the tumulus mound over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone in his memory by his grieving wife Linda. It is the birthplace of Tallinn - a place where in 1229 the Knights of the Sword built a fortress instead of the wooden Estonian stronghold. Toompea Castle is also one of the most potent symbols of the reigning power. Today Toompea is the seat of the Government of Estonia as well as the Riigikogu, both of which are often simply colloquially referred to as Toompea. For centuries there was only one access to Toompea - Pikk Jalg - but there is also another way leading up to Toompea - Lühike Jalg, which was made in the 14th century. At present Pikk Jalg and Lühike Jalg are used only by pedestrians. Until
restaurants, sport and cultural centres. Every five years national song and folk dance festivals take place in Tallinn. The yachting regatta of the 1980 Moscow Olympic Games was held at Pirita. History Tallinn means in English "Danish town". The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric people about 2500 BC. It was first marked on a map of the world by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi in 1154. The Estonians were the first to build a stronghold on the spot of the Toompea Hill, but the real Tallinn was built by the Danes who conquered the north of Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heaven. This is how the Danes obtained their national flag. In 1346 the Danish king sold his Estonian lands to the Teutonic Order, who a year later resold them to the Livonian Order. The Germans renamed Tallinn and called it Reval
Tallinn The place is believed to have been settled by Finno-Ugric peoples about 2500 BC. The Danes, led by King Valdemar II, conquered northern Estonia in 1219. Legend has it that one day, when the Danes were about to lose a bloody battle, the sky suddenly opened and a red flag with a white cross on it dropped down upon them from the heavens. This is allegedly how the Danes obtained their national flag, the Dannebrog in a battle against the Estonians. In the middle of the 14th century Denmark sold its possessions in Estonia to the German Teutonic Order. Toompea became the seat of the German-born gentry. A wall was built to separate the Upper Town and the Lower Town. In 1285 Tallinn joined the Hanseatic league and became a junction of trade between East and West. Tallinn is said to be built on salt, as it was an important trading commodity. In the 16th century Tallinn had a population of about 7,000 8,000 making it one of the biggest cities in northern Europe
Tallinn Mustamäe College G2K Jaana-Kristiina Jõgevest The Four oldest churches of Tallinn Report Supervisor: Ingrid Teigar Tallinn 2009 The Dome Church The Danes began fortification of Toompea after the conquest of Tallinn in 1219 and probably also built the first church there. It was presumably a wooden building located at the site of the present cathedral. However, a serious conflict with the Order of the Brothers of the Sword broke out soon as the latter wanted to gain control of the entire Estonia. The order succeeded in subordinating Tallinn and the whole of North Estonia to its rule in 1227. The monks of the Dominican Order began the construction of a stone church in Toompea in 1229
Tallinn's Old Town is in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is ranked as a global city and has been listed among the top 10 digital cities in the world.The city was a European Capital of Culture for 2011, along with urku, Finland.Tallinn is the oldest capital inNorthern Europe. The city was known as Reval from the 13th century until the 1920s. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tallinn Old Tallinn The Old Town can historically be divided into two distinct areas: Toompea Hill and the Lower Old Town, which were separated by a dividing wall since medieval times. The elevated area of Toompea Hill with its castle was occupied by the residences of Tallinn's rulers and gentry. The Lower Old Town meanwhile developed as an autonomous merchantile centre, flourishing during the 13th-16th centuries, when the city enjoyed membership of the powerful Hanseatic Trading League. Generally speaking these two districts are now collectively referred as the Old Town.
who is believed to live in the Lake Ülemiste. Every autumn he is said to come to the Viru Gates and asks the guard, if the town is completed yet. The guard shall always answer that there is much to be done. If he would say that the town is completed, the Ülemiste Elder would flood Tallinn. How did the medieval Tallinn get its name Reval One day the Danish King Valdemar II was hunting for deer near Toompea, when he spotted a beautiful stag. He liked the animal so much, that he ordered it to be caught alive. Unfortunately the deer fell from a limestone bank, broke its neck and died. The fall of a dear is called Reh-fall in German, so that's where the name Reval probably derives from. How the Toompea hill came into being
census and also straight roads, central heating and concrete. Anglo- Saxons around AD 400 Anglo- Saxons were warrior farmers from Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands. Later in the 5th century, Anglo-Saxons settled just west of Londinium, around the Strand, and formed the town of Lundenwic. The area of the old Roman city became a landing-place for ships and a centre for trade.The first English King to convert to Christianity, King Ethelbert, founded St Paul's Cathedral in 604. The Vikings 8th and 9th century By the 9th century, London was a very prosperous trading centre, and its wealth attracted the attention of Danish Vikings. The Danes periodically sailed up the Thames and attacked London. In 851 some 350 longboats full of Danes attacked and burned London to the ground. King Alfred the Great totally defeated the Danes in 878 and they split the country between them. The Danes took eastern England including London while Alfred took the South and West
information about Lai Street, as they need to pass the guide practice exam in form eleven. The report is divided into chapters so that each chapter deals with one of the important houses in Lai Street. In the beginning there are also two introductory chapters about Lai Street in general and the origin of the name "Lai". 3 Lai Street in general Lai Street is 520 m long and begins at a small green patch below the Toompea slope, where a graceful bronze statue of a Roe Deer by Jaan Koort (1883-1935), one of the best-known Estonian sculptors, has been standing for several decades. Lai Street stretches from Nunne Street to Pikk Street. Parallel with Pikk Street, Lai Street, too, ends at the Great Coast Gate (first mentioned 1359). Lai Street is very wide considering that it was laid out in the Middle Ages. This is because it sprang up on both sides of former city wall. Lai is quite a peaceful street with few shops
President of Estonia. The Art Museum of Estonia was housed in several different temporary spaces, until it moved back to the palace in 1946. In September, 1991 the Kadriorg Palace was closed, because it had totally deteriorated by then. At the end of the year the Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia decided to guarantee the construction of a new building for the Art Museum of Estonia in Kadriorg. Untill then the Knighthood House at Toompea Hill served as the temporary main building of the Art Museum of Estonia. The exhibition there was opened on April 1, 1993. Art Museum of Estonia premanently closed down the exhibitions in that building in October 2005. At the end of the 1970s, in the 1980s the first branches of the Art Museum of Estonia were founded. Starting from the 1995 all the branches offer different educational programmes for children and young people. In 1996 the exhibition hall on the first floor of Rotermann Salt
entertainment. The White Lady Days is a summer celebration filled with amusement for all the family. Held in and around the remains of the Teutonic-knights-era castles, the fair combines enchanting medieval legends with modern countryside charm to create a comprehensive experience of Estonia beyond the big cities. But the legend of the White Lady of Haapsalu, which is at the heart of the festival, is perhaps the most famous tall tale of the many that are so abundant in Estonia's folklore. It is the story of a poor girl who falls in love with the son of the village elder, and disguises herself as a choirboy in order to sneak into the castle. But, alas, the lord of the manor's son discovers the deception. He is overcome by jealous rage and orders his men to seal the girl inside the thick stone walls while still alive. Turned into an incarnation
and tacky commercialism. Packed in among thousands of other visitors, trying like crazy to see the city in three days and worrying about getting ripped off, it's not surprising, may think the city is overrated. Just relax, take a deep breath. While the city centre is a mélange of stunning architecture, from Gothic, Renaissance and baroque to neoclassical, art nouveau and cubist, beyond the medieval lanes of the Old Town and the Castle District, there's an entire other cosmopolitan city to explore. Search out the riverside parks, lively bars and beer gardens, music clubs, museums and art galleries. Harness Prague's excellent public-transport system to explore emerging suburbs such as Zizkov, Vinohrady, Smíchov and Holesovice. You'll be guaranteed cheaper prices, a more local ambience, and an assured escape from any more feelings of doubt..
Henry won the throne when he defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. He was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the Wars of the Roses. He founded a long-lasting dynasty and was peaceably succeeded by his son, Henry VIII, after a reign of 23 years. Church of England - the officially established Christian church in England and the oldest in the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church of England understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. 19. The Elizabeth Age - was a time associated with Queen Elizabeth I's reign (15581603) and is often considered to be the golden age in English history. It was the height of the English Renaissance and saw the flowering of English poetry, music and literature. This was also the time
credited with restoring Christianity to Northumbria. By patiently talking to the people on their own level Aidan and his monks slowly restored Christianity to the Northumbrian communities. Aidan also took in twelve English boys to train at the monastery, to ensure that the area's future religious leadership would be English. *St Augustine and the Roman Catholic mission to Kent He was a Benedictine monk who became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the founder of the English Church. St. Gregory chose him to lead a mission to Britain to convert the pagan King Æthelberht of the Kingdom of Kent to Christianity. Kent was probably chosen because it was near the Christian kingdoms in Gaul and because Æthelberht had married a Christian princess, Bertha. King Æthelberht converted to Christianity and also allowed the missionaries to preach freely, giving them land to found a monastery outside the city walls. *St George He is immortalised in the tale of George and the Dragon
7 UNIT 1 THE ISLAND Pre-reading questions What is the name of the island group Britain belongs to? Where is it situated? What seas surround it? What kind of climate do you think Britain has? What is its surface like? What countries are situated on the islands? Which country are we going to study? Why? Location Land and climate affect life in every country. Britain is no exception. Britain is the largest island of the British Isles 1. It is just under 1,000 km long and just under 500 km across in its widest part. Britain is separated from the mainland of Europe by the North Sea on the east and the English Channel on the south – by only about 35 km of water at its closest point (the Strait of Dover 2). Most of the coastline is so broken by bays and inlets that no point on the island is more
EHITUSTEADUSKOND Ehitustootluse instituut KUIDAS MUUDAB MUDELPROJEKTEERIMINE TERASKONSTRUKTSIOONIDE PROJEKTEERIMIST, VALMISTAMIST JA EHITAMIST? HOW ARE 3D AND BIM CHANGING THE DESIGN, FABRICATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF COMPLEX STEEL STRUCTURES? EPJ 60 LT Üliõpilane: Tanel Friedenthal Juhendaja: Prof. Roode Liias Kaasjuhendaja: Prof. Carrie S. Dossick Tallinn, 2010.a. Olen koostanud lõputöö iseseisvalt. Kõik töö koostamisel kasutatud teiste autorite tööd, olulised seisukohad, kirjandusallikatest ja mujalt pärinevad andmed on viidatud. …………………………………………….. (töö autori allkiri ja kuupäev) Üliõpilase kood: 041399 Töö vastab magistritööle esitatud nõuetele …………………………………………�
(Society of Estonian Men of Letters). He outlined a wide national cultural programme to deal with the substantial cultural and educational challenges that deeply engrossed him; he was the initiator and organiser of a great collection of folklore and folk songs, and scholarly research. Jakob Hurt advocated the rights of the Estonian language in schools and official management, emphasised the importance of folklore, equal rights of all nations to existence, and the advancement of the church in the spiritual life of the nation. Carl Robert Jakobson (1841-1882), as well as being a journalist, writer and educationalist, was an active politician and ideologist; his ideal was to have a free Estonian farmer, independent of the German landlord, achieving this status through the redemption of his land. The original literature of the period well represented the time; nationalist ideas together with protests against the privileges of the Baltic-German nobility stood in the forefront
m. in Washington—the message having lost three hours as it passed through three time zones in crossing the continent. The S.I.S translator rendered the Japanse as: "Will the Ambassador please submit to the United States Government (if possible to the Secretary of State) our reply to the United States at 1:00 p.m. on the 7th, your time." The —"reply" referred to had been transmitted by Tokyo in 14 parts over the past 18½ hours, and Brotherhood had only recently decrypted the 14th part on the PURPLE machine. It had come out in the English in which Tokyo had framed it, and its ominous final sentence read: "The Japanese Government regrets to have to notify hereby the American Government that in view of the attitude of the American Government it cannot but consider that it is impossible to reach an agreement through further negotiations." Brotherhood had set it by for distribution early in the morning. The translation of the message directing delivery at one o'clock had
colonisers in his Leather Stocking Tales (lecture). The creation of the American national epic in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Song of Hiawatha. James Fenimore Cooper was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century. His historical romances of frontier and Indian life in the early American days created a unique form of American literature. He lived most of his life in Cooperstown, New York, established by his father William. Cooper was a lifelong member of the Episcopal Church and in his later years contributed generously to it. He attended Yale University for three years but was expelled for misbehavior. Before embarking on his career as a writer he served in the U.S. Navy as a Midshipman which greatly influenced many of his novels and other writings. He is best remembered as a novelist who wrote numerous seastories and the historical novels known as the Leatherstocking Tales. Among naval historians his works on early U.S
• Julius Caesar (1599) • Othello (1603) • The Merchant of Venice (1598) • Much Ado About Nothing (1600) • King Lear (1606) • The Taming of the Shrew (1594) • The Comedy of Errors (1594) Note: This book is brought to you by Feedbooks http://www.feedbooks.com Strictly for personal use, do not use this file for commercial purposes. 3 Act I SCENE I. Elsinore. A platform before the castle. FRANCISCO at his post. Enter to him BERNARDO BERNARDO Who's there? FRANCISCO Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself. BERNARDO Long live the king! FRANCISCO Bernardo? BERNARDO He. FRANCISCO You come most carefully upon your hour. BERNARDO 'Tis now struck twelve; get thee to bed, Francisco. FRANCISCO For this relief much thanks: 'tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart. BERNARDO 4
And when the party entered the assembly room it consisted of only five altogether--Mr. Bingley, his two sisters, the husband of the eldest, and another young man. Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentlemanlike; he had a pleasant countenance, and easy, unaffected manners. His sisters were fine women, with an air of decided fashion. His brother-in-law, Mr. Hurst, merely looked the gentleman; but his friend Mr. Darcy soon drew the attention of the room by his fine, tall person, handsome features, noble mien, and the report which was in general circulation within five minutes after his entrance, of his having ten thousand a year. The gentlemen pronounced him to be a fine figure of a man, the ladies declared he was much handsomer than Mr. Bingley, and he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud; to be above his company, and above
reducing the amount of pigment in the hair and by producing elliptical pigment granules instead of round granules. Elliptical pigment granules refract light differently and give a reddish-brown colour instead of black/sepia. In Shaw's terminology which can confuse modern readers, chocolate is a dilute of black (while blue is "maltesing" of black). It became apparent that Barrington dilution gene was in a different location to the ordinary black/chocolate genes and was inherited independently of black/chocolate. That means it wasn't the modern cinnamon. Genes in different locations can affect different enzymes involved in production of the same protein, in this case the production of eumelanin pigment. Shaw referred to the “standard chocolate dilution" as affecting enzyme D while the Barrington system affected enzyme B. He identified Barrington Brown as having 2 alleles;
a psychologist, I might be able to explain it to her. The story involved a certain al- lotment of turquoise jewelry she had been having trouble selling. It was the peak of the tourist season, the store was unusually full of customers, the turquoise pieces were of good quality for the prices she was asking; yet they had not sold. My friend had attempted a couple of standard sales tricks to get them moving. She tried call- ing attention to them by shifting their location to a more central display area; no luck. She even told her sales staff to "push" the items hard-again without success. Finally, the night before leaving on an out-of-town buying trip, she scribbled an exasperated note to her head saleswoman, "Everything in this display case, price x '/2 ," hoping just to be rid of the offending pieces, even if at a loss. When she re- turned a few days later, she was not surprised to find that every article had been sold
distribution that would later bear his name: "Pareto's Law," or "the Pareto Distribution." It is more popularly known as "the 80/20 Principle." Pareto demonstrated a grossly uneven but predictable distribution of wealth in society--80 percent of the wealth and income is produced and possessed by 20 percent of the population. He also showed that this 80/20 principle could be found almost everywhere, not just in economics. Eighty percent of Pareto's garden peas were produced by 20% of the peapods he had planted, for example. In practice, the 80/20 principle is often much more disproportionate. To be perceived as uent in conversational Spanish, for example, you need an active vocabulary of approximately 2,500 high-frequency words. This will allow you to comprehend more than 95% of all conversation. To get to 98% comprehension would require at least ve years of practice instead of ve months. Doing the math, 2,500 words is a mere 2.5% of the
THE W R I T E R ' S JOURNEY M Y T H I C STRUCTURE FOR W R I T E R S THIRD EDITION CHRISTOPHER VOGLER S C R E E N W R I T I N G / W R I T I N G Christopher Vogler explores the powerful relationship between mythology and storytelling in his clear, concise style that's made i this book required reading for movie executives, screenwriters, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers, scholars, and fans of pop culture all over the world. Discover a set of useful myth-inspired storytelling paradigms like "The Hero's Journey," and step-by-step guidelines to plot and • character development. Based on the work of Joseph Campbell, The Writers Journey is a must for all writers interested
Handbook of Meat Processing Handbook of Meat Processing Fidel Toldrá EDITOR A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Editorial Office 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book, please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. F
singular terms are meaningful at all. Therefore, we would expect that any two singular terms that denote one and the same thing would be semantically equivalent: we could take any sentence containing one of the terms and sub- stitute the other of the two for the first term, without changing the meaning or at least without changing the truth-value of the sentence. But consider: (4) Albert believes that Samuel Langhorne Clemens was less than 5 feet tall. and suppose (4) is true. Now, Albert is unaware that Clemens wrote nov- els and stories under the pen name "Twain." We cannot substitute the term "Mark Twain" for "Samuel Langhorne Clemens" in (4) without chang- ing (4)'s truth-value; the result is a false sentence, since (we may suppose) Albert has seen a photo of Twain and believes that he was of normal height. In W. V. Quine's (1960) terminology, the sentential position occupied by
gossip;makingarrangements; maKtngexcuses Lead-in proverb. Thetitle aboveis takenfroman English Whatdo youthinkit means? r would you like to live in a castle, a tree or even underground'? This might not be as 2 in the pictures: a. Whichof the houses unusual as you think. It seems that these days more has:fivestoreysanda houseon top; a fibreglass and more people want to live somewhere special and shark;brickwalls;a thatched a rock
gossip;makingarrangements; maKtngexcuses Lead-in proverb. Thetitle aboveis takenfroman English Whatdo youthinkit means? r would you like to live in a castle, a tree or even underground'? This might not be as 2 in the pictures: a. Whichof the houses unusual as you think. It seems that these days more has:fivestoreysanda houseon top; a fibreglass and more people want to live somewhere special and shark;brickwalls;a thatched a rock
gossip;makingarrangements; maKtngexcuses Lead-in proverb. Thetitle aboveis takenfroman English Whatdo youthinkit means? r would you like to live in a castle, a tree or even underground'? This might not be as 2 in the pictures: a. Whichof the houses unusual as you think. It seems that these days more has:fivestoreysanda houseon top; a fibreglass and more people want to live somewhere special and shark;brickwalls;a thatched a rock
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